Family and Environment in the Choice of Opioid Dependence or Alcoholism

References

• Warner R. H., Rosett H. L. The effects of drinking on offspring: An historical survey of the American and British literature. J. Stud. Alcohol 1975; 36: 1395–1420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin D. W. Is Alcoholism Hereditary?. Oxford University Press, New York 1976
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin D. W. Alcoholism and heredity. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1979; 36: 57–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadoret R. J., Can C. A., Grove W. M. Development of alcoholism in adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1980; 37: 561–563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger C. R., Bohman M., Sigvardsson S. Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1981; 38: 861–868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohlisch K. Soziale und personliche Bedingungen des chronischen Alcoholismus. Sammlung Psychiatrisher und Neurologischer Einzeldarstellungen. G. Thieme Verlag, LeipzigGermany 1933
   Google Scholar
• Ellin wood E. H., Smith W. G., Vaillant G. E. Narcotic addiction in males and females: A comparison. Int. J. Addict. 1966; 1: 33–45
   Google Scholar
• O'Donnell J. A. Narcotic Addicts in Kentucky. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Chevy Chase, Maryland 1969, Public Health Service Publication No. 1881
   Google Scholar
• Hill S. Y., Cloninger C. R., Ayre F. R. Independent familial transmission of alcoholism and opiate abuse. Alcoholism: Clin. Exp. Res. 1977; 1: 335–342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodsky M. D. History of heroin prevalence estimation techniques. Self-Report Methods of Estimating Drug Use, B. A. Rouse, N. J. Kozel, L. G. Richards. NIDA Research Monograph 57, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 1985; 94–103
   Google Scholar
• December, 1983, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population, Vol. I. Characteristics of the Population (PC80-1-C1)
   Google Scholar
• Robins L. N., Helzer J. E., Weissman M. M., Orvaschel H., Gruenberg E., Burke J. D., Regier D. A. Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1984; 41: 949–958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers J. K., Weissman M. M., Tischler G. L., Holzer C. E., Leaf P. J., Orvaschel H., Anthony J. C, Boyd J. H., Burke J. D., Kramer M., Stoltzman R. Six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1984; 41: 959–967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller J. D., Cisin J. H., Gardner-Keaton H., Harrell A. V., Wirtz P. W., Abelson H. I., Fishburne P. M. National Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1982. National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 1983
   Google Scholar
• Kosten T. R., Rounsaville B. J., Kleber H. D. Parental alcoholism in opioid addicts. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1985; 173: 461–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb L. Types and characteristics of drug addicts. Drug Addiction, L. Kolb. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1962; 38–49, Paper originally published in 1924
   Google Scholar
• Weller R. A., Halikas J. A., Darvish H. S. Alcoholism in Black male heroin addicts. Br. J. Addict. 1980; 75: 381–388
   Google Scholar
• Croughan J. L., Miller J. P., Whitman B. Y., Schober J. G. Alcoholism and alcohol dependence in narcotic addicts: A prospective study with a five-year followup. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1981; 8: 85–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirin S. M., Weiss R. D., Sollogub R. N., Michael J. Psychopathology in the families of drug abusers. Substance Abuse and Psychopathology, S. M. Mirin. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1984; 79–106
   Google Scholar
• Cadoret R. J., Troughton E., O'Gorman T. W., Heywood E. An adoption study of genetic and environmental factors in drug abuse. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1986; 43: 1131–1136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols J. R., Hsaio S. Addiction liability of albino rats: Breeding for quantitative differences in morphine drinking. Science 1967; 157: 561–563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. Careers of Opioid Users. Praeger, New York 1981
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S. Coca paste and freebase: New fashions in cocaine use. Drug Abuse Alcohol. News. 1980; 9(3)
   Google Scholar
• Robins L. N. The interaction of setting and predisposition in explaining novel behavior: Drug initiations before, in, and after Vietnam. Longitudinal Research on Drug Use, D. B. Kandel. Hemisphere, Washington, DC 1978; 179–196
   Google Scholar
• Johnston L. D., O'Malley P. M., Bachman J. G. Drug Use among American High School Students, College Students, and Other Young Adults. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 1986
   Google Scholar
• Messed P. A., Brunswick A. F. Heroin availability and aggregate levels of use: Secular trends in an urban Black cohort. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1987; 13: 109–133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kandel D. B. Convergences in longitudinal surveys of drug use in normal populations. Longitudinal Research on Drug Use, D. B. Kandel. Hemisphere, Washington, DC 1978; 3–38
   Google Scholar
• Clayton R. R., Voss H. L. Young Men and Drugs in Manhattan: A Causal Analysis. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 1981, (NIDA Research Monograph 39)
   Google Scholar
• Robinson T. N., Killen J. D., Taylor C. B., Telch M. J., Bryson S. W., Saylor K. E., Maron D. J., Maccoby N., Farquhar J. W. Perspectives on adolescent drug use. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1987; 258: 2072–2076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. Obtaining life history information about opioid users. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1974; 1: 181–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. New light on the maturing out hypothesis in opioid dependence. Bull. Narc. 1980; 32: 15–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. Residence relocation inhibits opioid dependence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1982; 39: 1313–1317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmond D. P., Maddux J. F. Mexican-American heroin addicts. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1984; 10: 317–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. Heroin addicts and nonaddicted brothers. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1984; 10: 237–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P., Costello R. Depression in opioid users varies with substance use status. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1987; 13: 375–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., revised. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1987
   Google Scholar
• Thompson W. D., Orvaschel H., Prusoff B. A., Kidd K. K. An evaluation of the family history method for ascertaining psychiatric disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1982; 39: 53–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesselbrock V. M. Family history of psychopathology in alcoholics: A review and issues. Psychopathology and Addictive Disorders, R E Meyer, R. E. Meyer. Guilford, New York 1986; 41–56
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen N. C, Rice J., Endicott J., Reich T., Coryell W. The family history approach to diagnosis: How useful is it?. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1986; 43: 421–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caetano R. Drinking patterns and alcohol problems among Hispanics in the U.S.: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1983; 12: 37–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert M. J., Cervantes R. C. Patterns and practices of alcohol use among Mexican-American: A comprehensive review. Hisp. J. Behav. Sci. 1986; 8: 1–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gfroerer J. Correlation between drug use by teenagers and drug use by older family members. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1987; 13: 95–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar