References
- Albanese MA, Mitchell S. 1993. Problem-based learning – A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues. Acad Med 68(1):52–81
- Ausubel DP. 1968. Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Barrows HS. 1986. A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Med Educ 20(6):481–486
- Bruner JS. 1961. The art of discovery. Harv Educ Rev 31:21–32
- Cañas AJ, Carff R, Hill G, Carvalho M, Arguedas M, Eskridge TC, Lott J, Carvajal R. 2005. Concept maps: Integrating knowledge and information visualization. In:Tergan S-O, Keller T, editors. Knowledge and Infromation Visualization, LNCS 3426. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp 205–219
- Daley BJ, Torre DM. 2010. Concept maps in medical education: An analytical literature review. Med Educ 44(5):440–448
- Deci EL, Ryan RM. 2002. Handbook of self-determination theory research. Rochester, NY: The University of Rochester Press
- Diemers AD, Dolmans DH, Santen MV, Luijk SJV, Janssen-Noordman AM, Scherpbier AJ. 2007. Students’ perceptions of early patient encounters in a PBL curriculum: A first evaluation of the Maastricht experience. Med Teach 29(2–3):135–142
- Diemers AD, van de Wiel MW, Scherpbier AJ, Heineman E, Dolmans DH. 2011. Pre-clinical patient contacts and the application of biomedical and clinical knowledge. Med Educ 45(3):280–288
- Dolmans DH, De Grave W, Wolfhagen IH, van der Vleuten CP. 2005. Problem-based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Med Educ 39(7):732–741
- Dolmans DH, Schmidt, HG. 2006. What do we know about cognitive and motivational effects of small group tutorial in problem based learning?. Adv Health Sci Educ 11:321–336
- Dolmans DH, Tigelaar D. 2012. Building bridges between theory and practice in medical education using a design-based research approach: AMEE Guide No. 60. Med Teach 34(1):1–10
- Dolmans DHJM, Snellen-Balendong H, Wolfhagen IHAP, VanderVleuten CPM. 1997. Seven principles of effective case design for a problem-based curriculum. Med Teach 19(3):185–189
- Dunbar K. 1995. How scientists really reason: Scientific reasoning in real-world laboratories. Nat Insight 396:73
- Edmondson KM. 1994. Concept maps and the development of cases for problem-based learning [published erratum appears in Acad Med 1994 Mar; 69(3):193]. Acad Med 69(2):108–110
- Eva KW. 2001. Assessing tutorial-based assessment. Adv Health Sci Educ 6(3):243–257
- Gukas ID, Miles S, Heylings DJ, Leinster SJ. 2008. Medical students’ perceptions of peer feedback on an anatomy student-selected study module. Med Teach 30(8):812–814
- Hakkarainen K, Palonen T, Paavola S, Lehtinen E. 2004. Communities of networked expertise: Professional and educational perspectives. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
- Hutchins E, Klausen T. 1996. Distributed cognition in an airline cockpit. In: Engeström Y, Middleton D, editors. Cognition and communication at work. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp 15–34
- Hutchins E. 1995. Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
- Hutchins E. 2001. Distributed cognition. In: Smelser NJ, Wright J, Baltes PB, editors. The international encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Elsevier. pp 2068–2072
- Johnson DW, Johnson RT. 2009. An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educ Res 38(5):365–379
- Johnson DW, Johnson RT. 2013. Joining together: Group theory and group skills. 11th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc
- Kamp RJ, Dolmans DH, Van Berkel HJ, Schmidt HG. 2013. The effect of midterm peer feedback on student functioning in problem-based tutorials. Adv Health Sci Educ 18(2):199–213
- Kinchin IM, Hay DB. 2000. How a qualitative approach to concept map analysis can be used to aid learning by illustrating patterns of conceptual development. Educ Res 42(1):43–57
- Kramer RM. 1999. Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Ann Rev Psychol 50(1):569–598
- Majoor GD, Schmidt HG, Snellen-Balendong HAM, Moust JHC, Stalenhoef-Halling B. 1990. Construction of problems for problem-based learning. In: Nooman Z, Schmidt HG, Ezzat ES, editors. Innovation in medical education. New York: Springer. pp 114–122
- Mamede S, Schmidt HG, Norman GR. 2006. Innovations in problem-based learning: What can we learn from recent studies? Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 11(4):403–422
- Neville AJ, Norman GR. 2007. PBL in the undergraduate MD program at McMaster University: Three iterations in three decades. Acad Med 82(4):370–374
- Norman GR, Schmidt HG. 1992. The psychological basis of problem-based learning – A review of the evidence. Acad Med 67(9):557–565
- Norman GR, Schmidt HG. 2000. Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: Theory, practice and paper darts. Med Educ 34(9):721–728
- Novak JD, Gowin DB. 1984. Learning how to learn. New York: Cambridge University Press
- Paavola S, Hakkarainen K. 2005. The knowledge creation metaphor – An emergent epistemological approach to learning. Sci Educ 14(6):535–557
- Paavola S, Lipponen L, Hakkarainen K. 2004. Models of innovative knowledge communities and three metaphors of learning. Rev Educ Res 74(4):557–576
- Ramsden P. 1993. Theories of learning and teaching and the practice of excellence in higher education. Higher Educ Res Dev 12(1):87–97
- Rendas AB, Fonseca M, Pinto PR. 2006. Toward meaningful learning in undergraduate medical education using concept maps in a PBL pathophysiology course. Adv Physiol Educ 30:23–29
- Ruiz-Primo MA, Shavelson RJ. 1996. Problems and issues in the use of concept maps in science assessment. J Res Sci Teach 33:569–600
- Ryan RM, Deci EL. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol 55(1):68–78
- Schmidt HG. 1993. Foundations of problem based learning- some explanatory notes. Med Educ 27(5):422–432
- Sfard A. 1998. On two metaphor of learning and the dangers of choosing just one. Educ Res 27(2):4–13
- Sockalingam N, Rotgans JI, Schmidt HG. 2011. The relationships between problem characteristics, achievement-related behaviors, and academic achievement in problem-based learning. Adv Health Sci Educ 16(4):481–490
- Steinert Y, Mann K, Centeno A, Dolmans D, Spencer J, Gelula M, Prideaux D. 2006. A systematic review of faculty development initiatives designed to improve teaching effectiveness in medical education: BEME Guide No. 8. Med Teach 28(6):497–526
- Ten Cate O, Snell L, Mann K, Vermunt J. 2004. Orienting teaching toward the learning process. Acad Med 79(3):219–228
- Ten Cate TJ, Kusurkar RA, Williams GC. 2011. How self-determination theory can assist our understanding of the teaching and learning processes in medical education. AMEE Guide No. 59. Med Teach 33(12):961–973