Vaginal lactoferrin in asymptomatic patients at low risk for pre-term labour for shortened cervix: Cervical length and interleukin-6 changes

References

• Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, Betran AP, Merialdi M, Requejo JH . 2009. The worldwide incidence of pre-term birth: a WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbility. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 8:1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Berghella V, Baxter JK, Hendrix NW. 2009. Cervical assessment by ultrasound for preventing pre-term delivery (Review). The Cochrane Collaboration 4:1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, Rust OA, Owen J. 2011. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous pre-term birth: a meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 117:663–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berghella V, Roman A, Daskalakis C, Ness A, Baxter JK. 2007. Gestational age at cervical length measurement and incidence of pre-term birth. Obstetrics and Gynecology 110:311–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challis JR, Lockwood CJ, Myatt L, Norman JE, Strauss JF, Petraglia F. 2009. Inflammation and pregnancy. Reproductive Sciences 16:206–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane JMG, Hutchens D. 2008. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length to predict pre-term birth in asymptomatic women at increased risk: a systematic review. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 31:579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goepfert AR, Goldenberg Rl, Andrews WW, Hauth JC, Mercer B, Iams J . 2001. The pre-term prediction study: association between cervical interleukin 6 concentration and spontaneous pre-term birth. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 184:483–488.
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa A, Otsuki K, Sasaki Y, Sawada M, Mitsukawa K, Chiba H . 2005. Preventive effect of recombinant human lactoferrin in a rabbit pre-term delivery model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 192:1038–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honest H, Bachmann LM, Coomarasamy A, Gupta JK, Kleijnen J, Khan KS. 2003. Accuracy of cervical transvaginal sonography in predicting pre-term birth: a systematic review. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 22:305–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalan AM, Simhan HN. 2010. Mid-trimester cervical inflammatory milieu and sonographic cervical length. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 203:126.e1–e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeler SM, Kiefer DG, Rust OA, Vintzileos A, Atlas RO, Bornstein E . 2009. Comprehensive amniotic fluid cytokine profile evaluation in women with a short cervix: which cytokine correlates best with outcome?American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 201:276.e1–e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiefer DG, Keeler SM, Rust OA, Wayock CP, Vintzileos AM, Hanna N. 2009. Is midtrimester short cervix a sign of intraamniotic inflammation?American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 200:374.e1–374.e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locci M, Nazzaro G, Merenda M, Pisaturo ML, Laviscio P, Poppiti R . 2006. Atosiban versus ritodrine used prophylactically in ICSI pregnancies to prevent pre-term birth in women identified as being at high risk on the basis of transvaginal ultrasound scan. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 26:396–401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Machnicki M, Zimecki M, Zagulski T. 1993. Lactoferrin regulates the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in vivo. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 74:433–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mella MT, Berghella V. 2009. Prediction of pre-term birth: cervical sonography. Seminars in Perinatology 33:317–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama K, Otsuki K, Yakuwa K, Hasegawa A, Sawada M, Mitsukawa K . 2008. Recombinant human lactoferrin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9) activity in a rabbit pre-term delivery model. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 34:931–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ness A, Visintine J, Ricci E, Berghella V. 2007. Does knowledge of cervical length and fetal fibronectin affect management of women with threatened pre-term labor?A randomized trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 197:426.e1–e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen J. 2003. Evaluation of the cervix by ultrasound for the prediction of pre-term birth. Clinics in Perinatology 30:735–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen J, Szychowski JM, Hankins G, Iams JD, Sheffield JS, Perez-Delboy A . 2010. Does midtrimester cervical length ≥ 25 mm predict pre-term birth in high-risk women?American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 203:393.e1–e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauk PN, Friebe-Hoffmann U, Winebrenner LD, Chiao JP. 2001. Interleukin-6-up-regulates the oxytocin receptor in cultured uterine smooth muscle cells. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 45:148–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson SA, Christiaens I, Dorian CL, Zaragoza DB, Care AS, Banks AM . 2010. Interleukin-6 is an essential determinant of on-time parturition in the mouse. Endocrinology 151:3996–4006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Munoz H, Gomez R, Galasso M, Shere DM. 1994. The pre-term labor syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 734:414–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayres WG. 2010. Pre-term labor. American Family Physician 81:477–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotiriadis A, Papatheodorou S, Kavvadias A, Makrydimas G. 2010. Transvaginal cervical length measurement for prediction of pre-term birth in women with threatened pre-term labor: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 35:54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel I, Alice R, Goepfert AR, Thorsen P, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM . 2007. Early second-trimester inflammatory markers and short cervical length and the risk of recurrent pre-term birth. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 75:133–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vousden N, Chandiramani M, Seed P, Shennan A. 2011. Interleukin-6 bedside testing in women at high risk of pre-term birth. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 24:1301–1304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei SQ, Fraser W, Luo ZC. 2010. Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous pre-term birth in asymptomatic women: a systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology 116:393–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner EF, Han CS, Pettker CM, Buhimschi CS, Copel JA, Funal EF . 2011. Universal cervical length screening to prevent pre-term birth: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 38:32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakuwa K, Otsuki K, Nakayama K, Hasegawa A, Sawada M, Mitsukawa K . 2007. Recombinant human lactoferrin has a potential to suppress uterine cervical ripening in pre-term delivery in animal model. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 275:331–334.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar