Symptoms of PTSD and Major Depression in Latinas Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

REFERENCES

• Alsaker, K., Moen, B. E., Nortvedt, M. W., & Baste, V. (2006). Low health-related quality of life among abused women. Quality of Life Research, 15, 959–965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, D. K., Saunders, D. G., Mieko, Y., Bybee, D. I., & Sullivan, C. M. (2003). Long-term trends in depression among women separated from abusive partners. Violence Against Women, 9, 807–838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, H. M., Rodríguez, M. A., & Pérez-Stable, E. J. (2000). Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner abuse among public hospital primary care patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(11), 811–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, H. M., Rodriguez, M. A., Quiroga, S. S., & Flores-Ortiz, Y. G. (2000). Barriers to health care for abused Latina and Asian immigrant women. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 11, 33–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belknap, R. A., & Sayeed, P. (2003). Te contaría mi vida: I would tell you my life, if only you would ask. Health Care for Women International, 24, 723–737.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buvinic, M., Morrison, A., & Shifter, M. (1999). Violence in the Americas: A framework for action. In A. R. Morrison & M. L. Biehl (Eds.), Too close to home: Domestic violence in the Americas (pp. 3–34). Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Caetano, R., & Cunradi, C. (2003). Intimate partner violence and depression among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Annals of Epidemiology, 13, 661–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caetano, R., Field, G. A., Ramisetty-Mikler, S., & McGrath, C. (2005). The 5-year course of intimate partner violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(9), 1039–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet, 359, 1331–1336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J., & Lewandowski, L. (1997). Mental and physical health effects of intimate partner violence on women and children. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20, 353–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone-Lopez, K., Kruttschnitt, C., & Macmillan, R. (2006). Patterns of intimate partner violence and their associations with physical health, psychological distress, and substance use. Public Health Reports, 121, 382–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascardi, M., O’Leary, K. D., & Schlee, K. A. (1999). Co-occurrence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in physically abused women. Journal of Family Violence, 14(3), 227–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. (2004a). Access to health-care and preventive services among Hispanics and non-Hispanics—United States, 2001–2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 53(40), 937–941.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. (2004b). Health disparities experienced by Hispanics—United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 53(40), 935–937.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chowdhury, P. P., Balluz, L., & Strine, T. W. (2008). Health-related quality of life among minority populations in the United States, BRFSS 2001–2002. Ethnicity and Disease, 18, 483–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E. (2002). Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 11, 465–476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Denham, A. C., Frasier, P. Y., Hooten, E. G., Belton, L., Newton, W., Gonzalez, P. (2007). Intimate partner violence among Latinas in eastern North Carolina. Violence Against Women, 13(2), 123–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutton, M. A. (1992). Assessment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder among battered women. In D. W. Foy (Ed.), Treating PTSD: Cognitive behavioral strategies (pp. 69–97). New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Witte, S., Wu, E., Gaeta, T., Schilling, R. (2003). Intimate partner violence and substance abuse among minority women receiving care from an inner-city emergency department. Women's Health Issues, 13, 16–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedovskiy, K., Higgins, S., & Paranjape, A. (2008). Intimate partner violence: How does it impact major depressive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder among immigrant Latinas?? Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 10, 45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2001). Posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Investigating the role of overlapping symptoms in diagnostic co-morbidity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 189(8), 548–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 99–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Guarda, R. M., Peragallo, N., Vasquez, E. P., Urrutia, M. T., & Miltrani, V. B. (2009). Intimate partner violence, depression, and resource availability among a community sample of Hispanic women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30, 227–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorde, M., Helfrich, C., & Finlayson, M. (2004). Trauma symptoms and life skill needs of domestic violence victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 691–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. L., & Kimberling, R. (2004). Trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and health status. In P. P. Schnurr & B. L. Green (Eds.), Trauma and health: Physical health consequences of exposure to extreme stress (pp. 13–42). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Haggerty, L., Kelly, U., Hawkins, J., & Kearney, M. (2001). Pregnant women's perceptions of abuse. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 30(3), 283–290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ham-Rowbottom, K. A., Gordon, E. E., Jarvis, K. L., & Novaco, R. W. (2005). Life constraints and psychological well-being of domestic violence shelter graduates: The “cream of the crop.” Journal of Family Violence, 20, 109–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1998). Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress. New York: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, L., Hughes, M., & Unterstaller, U. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of domestic violence: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2(2), 99–119.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, U. (2006). “What will happen if I tell you??” Battered Latina women's experiences of health care. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 38(4), 78–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendall-Tackett, K., Marshall, R., & Ness, K. (2003). Chronic pain syndromes and violence against women. Women and Therapy, 26(1/2), 45–56.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, J. A., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., & Lozano, R. (2002). World health report on violence and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Levendosky, A. A., Leahy, K. L., Bogat, G. A., Davidson, W. S., & von Eye, A. (2006). Domestic violence, maternal parenting, maternal mental health, and infant externalizing behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 544–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lown, E. A., & Vega, W. A. (2001a). Intimate partner violence and health: Self-assessed health, chronic health, and somatic symptoms among Mexican American women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(3), 352–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lown, E. A., & Vega, W. A. (2001b). Prevalence and predictors of physical partner abuse among Mexican American women. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 441–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, L. (1992). Development of the severity of violence against women scale. Journal of Family Violence, 7, 103–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, J. M., Groff, J. Y., O’Brien, J. A., & Watson, K. (2006). Secondary prevention of intimate partner violence: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing Research, 55(1), 52–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee, D., Liao, Y., Cao, G., & Cooper, R. (1999). Self-reported health status and mortality in a multiethnic US cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, 149, 41–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNutt, L. A., Carlson, B. E., Persaud, M., & Postmus, J. (2002). Cumulative abuse experiences, physical health and health behaviors. Annals of Epidemiology, 12(2), 123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechanic, M. B., Weaver, T. L., & Resick, P. A. (2008). Mental health consequences of intimate partner abuse: A multidimensional assessment of four different forms of abuse. Violence Against Women, 14(6), 634–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moe A., & Bell M. (2004). Abject economics: The effects of battering and violence on women's work and employability. Violence Against Women, 10(1), 29–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, S., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder co-morbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66(2–3), 133–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nixon, R. D. V., Resick, P. A., & Nishith, P. (2004). An exploration of co-morbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurius, P. S., Macy, R. J., Bhuyan, R., Holt, V. L., Kernic, M. A., & Rivara, F. P. (2003). Conceptualizing depression and physical functioning in battered women: Adding vulnerability and resources to the analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(12), 1411–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, C., Hawkins, J., Kearney, M, Peyton, C., Dwyer, J., Haggerty, L. (2003). Translation of domestic violence instruments for use in research. Violence Against Women, 9(7), 859–878.
   Google Scholar
• Perilla, J. L. (1999). Domestic violence as a human rights issue: The case of immigrant Latinos. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 21(2), 107–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perilla, J., Bakeman, R., & Norris, F. (1994). Culture and domestic violence: The ecology of abused Latinas. Violence and Victims, 9(4), 325–339.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pew Hispanic Center. (2008). US Population Projections: 2005–2050. (2008, February 11). Retrieved November 9, 2008, from http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php? ReportID = 85
   Google Scholar
• Ramos, B., & Carlson, B. (2004). Lifetime abuse and mental health distress among English-speaking Latinas. Affilia Journal of Women and Social Work, 19(3), 239–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, G. L., Lawrence, J. M., Williams, G. M., & Raphael, B. (1998). The impact of domestic violence on women's mental health?? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 22(7), 796–801.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez, M., Bauer, H., Flores-Ortiz, Y., & Szkupinski-Quiroga, S. (1998). Factors affecting patient-physician communication for abused Latina and Asian immigrant women. Journal of Family Practice, 47, 309–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, M. A., Heilemann, M. V., Fielder, E., Ang, A., Nevarez, F., & Mangione, C. M. (2008). Intimate partner violence, depression, and PTSD among pregnant Latina women. Annals of Family Medicine, 6(1), 44–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez, M. A., Sheldon, W. R., Bauer, H., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (2001). The factors associated with disclosure of intimate partner abuse to clinicians. Journal of Family Practice, 50(4), 338–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetterly, S. M., Baxter, J., Mason, L. D., & Hamman, R. F. (1996). Self-rated health among Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white adults: The San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. American Journal of Public Health, 86(12), 1798–1801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slone, L. B., Norris, F. H., Murphy, A. D., Baker, C. K., Perilla, J. L., Diaz, D., Gutiérrez Rodriguez, F., & Gutiérrez Rodriguez, J. J. (2006). Epidemiology of major depression in four cities in Mexico. Depression and Anxiety, 23(3), 158–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (Eds.). (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder co-morbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (1999). Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 43–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Tomasulo, G. C., & McNamara, J. R. (2007). The relationship of abuse to women's health status and health habits. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 231–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, S., & Han, R. (2000). Psychological distress in non-Hispanic white and Hispanic abused women. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 14(1), 19–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census. (1994). National Health Interview Survey Field Representative's Manual. Washington, DC: US Public Health Service. Publication HIS-100.
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census. (2004, March). Projected Population of the United States, by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/usinterimproj/natprojtab01a.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vega, W. A., Kolody, B., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alderete, E., Catalano, R., & Caraveo-Anduaga, J. (1998). Lifetime prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders among urban and rural Mexican Americans in California. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 771–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitanza, S., Vogel, L., & Marshall, L. (1995). Distress and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in abused women. Violence and Victims, 10, 23–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented October 1993 at the Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Woods, S. J. (2000). Prevalence and patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and post-abused women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 309–324.
   Google Scholar
• Wuest, J., Ford-Gilboe, M., Merritt-Gray, M., & Berman, H. (2003). Intrusion: The central problem for family health promotion among children and single mothers after leaving an abusive partner. Qualitative Health Research, 13(5), 597–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick, C., Franklin, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2002). Does “sub-threshold” posttraumatic stress disorder have any clinical relevance?? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(6), 413–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick, C., Johnson, D. M., & Kohn, R. (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(2), 262–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar