The Assessment of Preschool Children's Participation: Internal Consistency and Construct Validity

REFERENCES

• Anderson, E. M., & Clarke, L. (Eds.). (1982). Disability and adolescence. New York: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Ashford, J. B., & Leroy, C. (Eds.). (2010). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidisciplinary perspective. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole/Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, T., Newton, S., LeBaron, N., & Horner, R. (1990). Quality of life and lifestyle outcome: A challenge for residential programs. In R. Schalock & M. Begab (Eds.), Quality of life: Perspectives and issues (pp. 127–137). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, C., & LaVesser, P. (2006). The preschool activity card sort. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 26(4), 143–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum, R. W., Resnick, M. D., Nelson, R., & St. Germaine, A. (1991). Family and peer issues among adolescents with spina bifida and cerebral palsy. Pediatrics, 88(22), 280–285.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, M., & Gordon, W. (1987). Impact of impairment on activity patterns of children. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68, 828–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bult, M., Verschuren, O., Gorter, J., Jongmans, M., Piskur, B., & Ketelaar, M. (2010). Cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch language version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) in children with and without physical disabilities. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24(9), 843–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bundy, A. (1997). Test of playfulness (TOP). Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
   Google Scholar
• Cadman, D., Boyle, M., Szatmari, P., & Offord, D. R. (1987). Chronic illness, disability, and mental and social well-being: Findings of the Ontario child health study. Pediatrics, 79, 805–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coatsworth, J. D., Palen, L., & Sharp, E. H. (2006). Self-defining activities, expressive identity, adolescent wellness. Applied Developmental Science, 10(3), 157–170.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Coster, W., & Khetani, M. (2008). Measuring participation of children with disabilities; issues and challenges. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(8), 639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diller, L., Fordyce, D., Jacobs, D., & Brown, M. (1981). Activity pattern indicators. Rehabilitation inidcators. New York: NY University Medical Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Domholdt, E. (2000). Physical therapy research: Principles and applications (vol. 2). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
   Google Scholar
• Dormans, J. P., & Pellegrino, L. (Eds.). (1998). Caring for children with cerebral palsy: A team approach. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
   Google Scholar
• Dunst, C., Hamby, D., Trivette, C., & Raab, M. (2002). Young children's participation in everyday family and community activity. Psychological Reports, 91(1), 875–897.
   Google Scholar
• Engel-Yeger, B., Jarus, T., Anaby, D., & Law, M. (2009). Differences in patterns of participation between youths with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers. American Journal of Occupational Therapy January/February 2009, 63(1), 96–104. doi: 10.5014/ajot.63.1.96
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, R., & Jarvis, S. (2002). Participation in childhood. Child: Care, Health & Development, 28(4), 277–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth, R., Colver, A., Alvanides, S., Woolley, M., & Lowe, M. (2007). Participation of young severely disabled children is influenced by their intrinsic impairments and environment. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49(5), 345–9.
   Google Scholar
• Fougeyrollas, P., & Noreau, L. (1997). Life habits (LIFE-H2.1) ICIDH and environmental factors International Network, 9, 20–31.
   Google Scholar
• Granger, C., Brown, S., Griswold, K., Heyer, N., McCabe, M., Msall, M., (1991). WeeFIM (Functional independence measure for children). Buffalo, NY: Centre for Functional Assessment Research, State University of NY.
   Google Scholar
• Haley, S. M., Coster, W. J., Ludlow, L. H., Haltiwanger, J. T., & Andrellos, P. J. (1992). Pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI) development, standardization and administration manual. Boston, MA: PEDI Research Group, New England Medical Center Hospitals.
   Google Scholar
• Hammal, D., Jarvis, S., & Colver, A. Participation of children with cerebral palsy is influenced by where they live. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 46, 292–298.
   Google Scholar
• Hay, J. A. (1992). Adequacy in and prediction for physical activity in children. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 2, 192–201.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, A. D. (1998). Development of a measure of adolescent leisure interests. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 531–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imms, C., Reilly, S., Carlin, J., & Dodd, K. (2008). Diversity of participation in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(5), 363–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen, E., Colver, A., Mackie, P., & Jarvis, S. (2003). Development and validation of a tool to measure the impact of childhood disabilities on the lives of children and their families. Child: Care, Health and Development, 29(1), 21–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G., Law, M., King, S., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., Hanna, S., Kertoy, M., & Young, N. (2004). Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC). Harcourt Assessment, San Antonio, TX, USA.
   Google Scholar
• King, G., Law, M., Hanna, S., King, S., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., (2006a). Predictors of the leisure and recreation participation of children with physical disabilities: A structural equation modeling analysis. Children's Health Care, 35(3), 209–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G. A., Law, M., King, S., Hurley, P., Hanna, S., Kertoy, M., (2006b). Measuring children's participation in recreation and leisure activities: Construct validation of the CAPE and PAC. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(1), 28–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G., Law, M., Hurley, P., Petrenchik, T., & Schwellnus, H. (2010). A developmental comparison of the out-of-school recreation and leisure activity participation of boys and girls with and without physical disabilities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 57(1), 77–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, G., Law, M., Petrenchik, T., & Kertoy, M. (2006c). Assessment of preschool children's participation (APCP). Hamilton, ON: CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University.
   Google Scholar
• Kinney, V. B., & Coyle, C. P. (1992). Predicting life satisfaction among adults with physical disabilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 863–869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk, R. E. (1996). Practical significance: A concept whose time has come. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(5), 746–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, S. (1997). Preschool play scale. St. Louis MO: Mosby.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 701–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaVesser, P., & Berg, C. (2011). Participation patterns in preschool children with an autism spectrum disorder. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31(1), 33–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, M. (2002). Participation in the occupations of everyday life. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(6), 640–649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, M., & Dunn, W. (1993). Perspectives on understanding and changing the environments of children with disabilities. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 13(3), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Law, M., Darrah, J., Pollock, N., Wilson, B., Russell, D. J., Walter, S. D., (2011). Focus on Function: An RCT comparing child versus context-focused intervention for young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53(7), 621–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, M., King, G., King, S., Kertoy, M., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., (2006). Patterns of participation in recreational and leisure activities among children with complex physical disabilities. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48, 337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, J. L., Larson, R. W., & Eccles, J. S. (2005). Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, afterschool, and community Programs (pp. 3–22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Majnemer, A., Shevell, M., Law, M., Birnbaum, R., Chilingaryan, G., Rosenbaum, P., (2008). Participation and enjoyment of leisure activities in school aged children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50(10), 751–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCubbin, H., McCubbin, M., & Thompson, A. (1991). Family time and routines index. Madison WI: University of Wisconsin.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, L. J. (1982). Miller assessment for preschoolers. Littleton, CO: Foundation for Knowledge Development.
   Google Scholar
• Msall, M., DiGuadio, K., Duffy, L., LaForest, S., Braun, S., & Granger, C. (1994). WeeFIM: Normative sample of an instrument for tracking functional independence in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 33, 431–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newborg, J., Stock, J. R., Wnek, L., Guidubaldi, J., & Svinicki, J. (1984). Batelle developmental inventory screening test. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Palisano, R. J., Kang, L. J., Chiarello, L. A., Orlin, M., Oeffeinger, D., & Maggs, J. (2009). Social and community participation of children and youth with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 89(12), 1304–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano, R. J., Rosenbaum, P. L., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E. & Galuppi, B. (1997). Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39, 214–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1964). The growth of logic in the child. New York: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Portney, L. G., & Watkins, M. P. (2000). Foundations of clinical research: Applications to practice (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Health.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum, P., King, S., Law, M., King, G., & Evans, J. (1998). Family-centred service: A conceptual framework and research review. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 18(1), 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D. J., Rosenbaum, P. L., Avery, L., & Lane, M. (2002). Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 and GMFM 88) user's manual: Clinics in developmental medicine. Holborn, London: MacKeith Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sandler, I., Ayers, T., Suter, J., & Twohey-Jacobs, J.. (2004). Investing in children, youth, families and communities: Strengths-based research and policy. American Psychological Association, 380, 31–49.
   Google Scholar
• Simeonsson, R., Leonardi, M., Lollar, D., Bjorck-Akesson, E., Hollenweger, J., & Martinuzzi, A. (2003). Applying the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) to measure childhood disability. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(11–12), 602–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloper, P., Turner, S., Knussen, C., & Cunningham, C. (1990). Social life of school children with Down's syndrome. Child: Care, Health and Development, 16(4), 235–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., & Chicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland adaptive behavior scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada (2006). 2006 census tables income and earnings. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://www12.statcan.ca.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/index-eng.cfm
   Google Scholar
• Stoffel, A. & Berg, C. (2008). Spanish translation and validation of the preschool activity card slot. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 28(2), 171–189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welsh, B., Jarvis, S., Hammal, D., & Colver, A. (2006). How might districts identify local barriers to participation for children with cerebral palsy? Public Health, 120(2), 167–75.
   Google Scholar
• Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). The international classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, M. O. D., & Masten, A. S. (2005). Resilience processes in development: Fostering positive adaptation in the context of adversity. In S. Goldstein & R. Brooks, (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 17–37). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Young, N. L. (1997). Activities scale for kids (ASK). Toronto ON: Hospital for Sick Children.
   Google Scholar