Functional level during sub-acute rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: Course and predictors of outcome

References

• Finset A, Krogstad JM. Head injury—a public health problem. Head injury. J.W. Cappelens Forlag a.s, Oslo 2002; 14
   Google Scholar
• Mazaux JM, Richer E. Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury in adults. Disability & Rehabilitation 1998; 20: 435–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner-Stokes L, Disler PB, Nair A, Wade DT. Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age. Cochrane Database Systems Review 2005, CD004170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan TM, et al. Neurological rehabilitation. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1993; 437
   Google Scholar
• de Guise E, LeBlanc J, Feyz M, Lamoureux J. Prediction of the level of cognitive functional independence in acute care following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2005; 19: 1087–1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Smith-Knapp K, Granger CV. Outcomes in the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998; 79: 298–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowen TD, Meythaler JM, DeVivo MJ, Ivie CS, III, Lebow J, Novack TA. Influence of early variables in traumatic brain injury on functional independence measure scores and rehabilitation length of stay and charges. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1995; 76: 797–803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenberg JH, Levin HS, Saydjari C. Posttraumatic Amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment. Archives of Neurology 1996; 53: 782–791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ono J, Yamaura A, Kubota M, Okimura Y, Isobe K. Outcome prediction in severe head injury: Analyses of clinical prognostic factors. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2001; 8: 120–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan TM, Jongen EL, Greenwood RJ. Assessment of post-traumatic amnesia after severe closed head injury: Retrospective or prospective?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1996; 60: 422–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope DN. The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: A review. Brain Injury 1995; 9: 649–670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff RM, Iverson GL, Barth JT, Bush SS, Broshek DK, NAN Policy and Planning Committee. Recommendations for Diagnosing a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009; 24: 3–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtonen S, Stringer AY, Millis S, et al. Neuropsychological outcome and community re-integration following traumatic brain injury: The impact of frontal and non-frontal lesions. Brain Injury 2005; 19: 239–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin HS, O’Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 1979; 167: 675–684
   Google Scholar
• Grimby G, Gudjonsson G, Rodhe M, Sunnerhagen KS, Sundh V, Ostensson ML. The functional independence measure in Sweden: Experience for outcome measurement in rehabilitation medicine. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1996; 28: 51–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD. Performance profiles of the functional independence measure. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993; 72: 84–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Smith-Knapp K, Granger CV. Validity of the functional independence measure for persons with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 828–834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch A, Granger CV, Heinemann AW, et al. Poststroke rehabilitation: Outcomes and reimbursement of inpatient rehabilitation facilities and subacute rehabilitation programs. Stroke 2006; 37: 1477–1482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann AW, Linacre JM, Wright BD, Hamilton BB, Granger C. Relationships between impairment and physical disability as measured by the functional independence measure. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993; 74: 566–573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engberg AW, Liebach A, Nordenbo A. Centralized rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury—a population-based study. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2006; 113: 178–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafonte RD, Mann NR, Millis SR, Black KL, Wood DL, Hammond F. Posttraumatic amnesia: Its relation to functional outcome. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 1103–1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andelic N, Sigurdardottir S, Brunborg C, Roe C. Incidence of hospital-treated traumatic brain injury in the Oslo population. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 30: 120–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas AI, Steyerberg EW, Butcher I, et al. Prognostic value of computerized tomography scan characteristics in traumatic brain injury: Results from the IMPACT study. Journal of Neurotrauma 2007; 24: 303–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stineman MG, Hamilton BB, Goin JE, Granger CV, Fiedler RC. Functional gain and length of stay for major rehabilitation impairment categories. Patterns revealed by function related groups. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 75: 68–78
   Google Scholar
• Tooth L, McKenna K, Strong J, Ottenbacher K, Connell J, Cleary M. Rehabilitation outcomes for brain injured patients in Australia: Functional status, length of stay and discharge destination. Brain Injury 2001; 15: 613–631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunik CL, Flowers L, Kazanjian T. Time to rehabilitation admission and associated outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006; 87: 1590–1596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode RK, Heinemann AW. Course of functional improvement after stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002; 83: 100–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balestreri M, Czosnyka M, Chatfield DA, Steiner LA, Schmidt EA, Smielewski P, Matta B, Pickard JD. Predictive value of Glasgow coma scale after brain trauma: Change in trend over the past ten years. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2004; 75: 161–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Black KL, Millis SR. Relationship between Glasgow coma scale and functional outcome. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 75: 364–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar