2,042
Views
63
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Advanced topics in neuropsychological assessment following sport-related concussion

&
Pages 263-275 | Received 15 Jan 2014, Accepted 25 Apr 2014, Published online: 14 Oct 2014

References

  • Barth JT, Alves W, Ryan T, Macciocchi S, Rimel RW, Jane JJ, Nelson W. Mild head injury in sports: Neuropsychological sequelae and recovery of function. In: Levin H, Eisenberg J, Benton A, editors. Mild head injury. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989. pp 257–275
  • Collins MW, Iverson GL, Lovell MR, McKeag DB, Norwig J, Maroon J. On-field predictors of neuropsychological and symptom deficit following sports-related concussion. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2003;13:222–229
  • Lovell MR, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Johnston KM, Bradley JP. Grade 1 or “ding” concussions in high school athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2004;32:47–54
  • Lovell MR, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Field M, Maroon JC, Cantu R, Podell K, Powell JW, Belza M, Fu FH. Recovery from mild concussion in high school athletes. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003;98:296–301
  • Iverson GL, Lovell MR, Collins MW. Interpreting change on ImPACT following sport concussion. Clinical Neuropsychology 2003;17:460–467
  • Fazio VC, Lovell MR, Pardini JE, Collins MW. The relation between post concussion symptoms and neurocognitive performance in concussed athletes. NeuroRehabilitation 2007;22:207–216
  • Iverson GL. Predicting slow recovery from sport-related concussion: The new simple-complex distinction. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2007;17:31–37
  • Covassin T, Schatz P, Swanik CB. Sex differences in neuropsychological function and post-concussion symptoms of concussed collegiate athletes. Neurosurgery 2007;61:345–350; discussion 350–341
  • McClincy MP, Lovell MR, Pardini J, Collins MW, Spore MK. Recovery from sports concussion in high school and collegiate athletes. Brain Injury 2006;20:33–39
  • Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Collins MW, Lovell MR. Tracking neuropsychological recovery following concussion in sport. Brain Injury 2006;20:245–252
  • Van Kampen DA, Lovell MR, Pardini JE, Collins MW, Fu FH. The “value added” of neurocognitive testing after sports-related concussion. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2006;34:1630–1635
  • Broglio SP, Macciocchi SN, Ferrara MS. Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery. Neurosurgery 2007;60:1050–1057; discussion 1057–1058
  • Broshek DK, Kaushik T, Freeman JR, Erlanger D, Webbe F, Barth JT. Sex differences in outcome following sports-related concussion. Journal of Neurosurgery 2005;102:856–863
  • Erlanger D, Kaushik T, Cantu R, Barth JT, Broshek DK, Freeman JR, Webbe FM. Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003;98:477–484
  • Collie A, Makdissi M, Maruff P, Bennell K, McCrory P. Cognition in the days following concussion: Comparison of symptomatic vs asymptomatic athletes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006;77:241–245
  • Makdissi M, Collie A, Maruff P, Darby DG, Bush A, McCrory P, Bennell K. Computerised cognitive assessment of concussed Australian rules footballers. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2001;35:354–360
  • Matser JT, Kessels AG, Lezak MD, Troost J. A dose-response relation of headers and concussions with cognitive impairment in professional soccer players. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 2001;23:770–774
  • Macciocchi SN, Barth JT, Alves W, Rimel RW, Jane JA. Neuropsychological functioning and recovery after mild head injury in collegiate athletes. Neurosurgery 1996;39:510–514
  • Guskiewicz KM, Ross SE, Marshall SW. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. Journal of Athletic Training 2001;36:263–273
  • Collins MW, Grindel SH, Lovell MR, Dede DE, Moser DJ, Phalin BR, Nogle S, Wasik M, Cordry D, Daugherty KM, et al. Relationship between concussion and neuropsychological performance in college football players. Journal of the American Medical Association 1999;282:964–970
  • McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Barr W, Randolph C, Cantu RC, Onate JA, Yang J, Kelly JP. Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. Journal Of The American Medical Association 2003;290:2556–2563
  • Broglio SP, Puetz TW. The effect of sport concussion on neurocognitive function, self-report symptoms and postural control: A meta-analysis. Sports Med 2008;38:53–67
  • Belanger HG, Vanderploeg RD. The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2005;11:345–357
  • Iverson GL. Mild traumatic brain injury meta-analyses can obscure individual differences. Brain Injury 2010;24:1246–1255
  • Collins MW, Lovell MR, Iverson GL, Ide T, Maroon J. Examining concussion rates and return to play in high school football players wearing newer helmet technology: A three year prospective cohort study. Neurosurgery 2006;58:275–286
  • Collins MW, Iverson GL, Gaetz M, Meehan WP, Lovell MR. Sport-related concussion. In: Zasler ND, Katz DI, Zafonte RD, editors. Brain injury medicine: Principles and practice. 2nd ed. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 2012. pp 498–516
  • Pellman EJ, Lovell MR, Viano DC, Casson IR, Tucker AM. Concussion in professional football: Neuropsychological testing-part 6. Neurosurgery 2004;55:1290–1305
  • Pellman EJ, Lovell MR, Viano DC, Casson IR. Concussion in professional football: Recovery of NFL and high school athletes assessed by computerized neuropsychological testing-part 12. Neurosurgery 2006;58:263–274; discussion 263–274
  • Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Powell J. Concussion in professional football: Injuries involving 7 or more days out-Part 5. Neurosurgery 2004;55:1100–1119
  • Comper P, Hutchison M, Magrys S, Mainwaring L, Richards D. Evaluating the methodological quality of sports neuropsychology concussion research: A systematic review. Brain Inury 2010;24:1257–1271
  • Schatz P, Pardini JE, Lovell MR, Collins MW, Podell K. Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT test battery for concussion in athletes. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2006;21:91–99
  • Schatz P, Sandel N. Sensitivity and specificity of the online version of ImPACT in high school and collegiate athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2013;41:321–326
  • Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, Mihalik JP, Schmidt JD, Kerr ZY, McCrea MA. Reliable change, sensitivity, and specificity of a multidimensional concussion assessment battery: Implications for caution in clinical practice. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2013;28:274--283
  • McCrea M, Barr WB, Guskiewicz K, Randolph C, Marshall SW, Cantu R, Onate JA, Kelly JP. Standard regression-based methods for measuring recovery after sport-related concussion. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2005;11:58–69
  • Randolph C, Kirkwood MW. What are the real risks of sport-related concussion, and are they modifiable? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2009;15:512–520
  • Randolph C, McCrea M, Barr WB. Is neuropsychological testing useful in the management of sport-related concussion? Journal of Athletic Training 2005;40:139–152
  • Moser RS, Schatz P, Neidzwski K, Ott SD. Group vs individual administration affects baseline neurocognitive test performance. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2011;39:2325–2330
  • Echemendia RJ, Iverson GL, McCrea M, Macciocchi SN, Gioia GA, Putukian M, Comper P. Advances in neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2013;47:294–298
  • Mayers LB, Redick TS. Clinical utility of ImPACT assessment for postconcussion return-to-play counseling: Psychometric issues. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 2012;34:235–242
  • Broglio SP, Ferrara MS, Macciocchi SN, Baumgartner TA, Elliott R. Test-retest reliability of computerized concussion assessment programs. Journal of Athletic Training 2007;42:509–514
  • Resch J, Driscoll A, McCaffrey N, Brown C, Ferrara MS, Macciocchi S, Baumgartner T, Walpert K. ImPact test-retest reliability: Reliably unreliable? Journal of Athletic Training 2013;48:506–511
  • McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Johnston K, Dvorak J, Aubry M, Molloy M, Cantu R. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. Journal of Athletic Training 2009;44:434–448
  • Guskiewicz KM, Bruce SL, Cantu RC, Ferrara MS, Kelly JP, McCrea M, Putukian M, McLeod TC. Research based recommendations on management of sport related concussion: Summary of the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2006;40:6–10
  • Moser RS, Iverson GL, Echemendia RJ, Lovell MR, Schatz P, Webbe FM, Ruff RM, Barth JT. Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion. Archivees of Clinical Neuropsychology 2007;22:909–916
  • Gardner A, Shores EA, Batchelor J, Honan CA. Diagnostic efficiency of ImPACT and CogSport in concussed rugby union players who have not undergone baseline neurocognitive testing. Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2012;19:90–97
  • Schmidt JD, Register-Mihalik JK, Mihalik JP, Kerr ZY, Guskiewicz KM. Identifying Impairments after Concussion: Normative data vs individualized baselines. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2012;44:1621–1628
  • Putukian M. Panel discussion: Updating the SCAT2: Are there components that should be added or deleted? Do we a need a SCAT3?; Poster presented at the annual conference of the 4th International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport; 2012; November 1; Zurich, Switzerland
  • Elbin RJ, Kontos AP, Kegel N, Johnson E, Burkhart S, Schatz P. Individual and combined effects of LD and ADHD on computerized neurocognitive concussion test performance: Evidence for separate norms. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2013;28:476–484
  • Schatz P, Moser RS, Solomon GS, Ott SD, Karpf R. Prevalence of invalid computerized baseline neurocognitive test results in high school and collegiate athletes. Journal of Athletic Training 2012;47:289–296
  • Lichtenstein JD, Moser RS, Schatz P. Age and test setting affect the prevalence of invalid baseline scores on neurocognitive tests. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2014;42:479--484
  • Echemendia RJ, Cantu RC. Return to play following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury: The role for neuropsychology. Applied Neuropsychology 2003;10:48–55
  • Lovell MR, Collins MW. Neuropsychological assessment of the college football player. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1998;13:9–26
  • Lovell MR, Collins MW, Maroon JC, Cantu R, Hawn K, Burke CJ. Inaccuracy of symptom reorting following concussion in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2002;34:S298
  • McCrea M, Hammeke T, Olsen G, Leo P, Guskiewicz K. Unreported concussion in high school football players: implications for prevention. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2004;14:13–17
  • SportingNews. NFL concussion poll: 56 percent of players would hide symptoms to stay on field. Volume 2012; http://aol.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2012-11-11/nfl-concussions-hidesymptoms-sporting-news-midseason-players-poll. Accessed December 4, 2012
  • Schatz P, Glatts C. “Sandbagging” baseline test performance on ImPACT, without detection, is more difficult than it appears. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2013;28:236–244
  • Erdal K. Neuropsychological testing for sports-related concussion: how athletes can sandbag their baseline testing without detection. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2012;27:473–479
  • Iverson GL, Collins MW, Lovell MR. Predicting recovery time from concussion in high school football players. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2007;13:65
  • Resch JE, Macciocchi SN, Ferrara MS. Equivalence of alternative forms of computerized neuropsychological test. St. Louis, MI: National Athletic Trainers' Association; 2012
  • Franzen MD. Reliability and validity in neuropsychological assessment. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1989
  • Franzen MD. Reliability and validity in neurological assessment. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press; 2000
  • Jacobson NS, Revenstorf D. Statistics for assessing the clinical significance of psychotherapy issues: Issues, problems, and new developments. Behavioral Assessment 1988;10:133–145
  • Jacobson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1991;59:12–19
  • Jacobson NS, Follette WC, Revenstorf D. Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behavioral Therapy 1984;15:336–352
  • Chelune GJ, Naugle RI, Luders H, Sedlak J, Awad IA. Individual change after epilepsy surgery: Practice effects and base-rate information. Neuropsychology 1993;7:41–52
  • Heaton RK, Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Avitable N, Taylor MJ, Marcotte TD, Grant I. Detecting change: A comparison of three neuropsychological methods using normal and clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2001;16:75–91
  • Temkin NR, Heaton RK, Grant I, Dikmen SS. Detecting significant change in neuropsychological test performance: A comparison of four models. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1999;5:357–369
  • Iverson GL. Interpretation of Mini-Mental State Examination scores in community-dwelling elderly and geriatric neuropsychiatry patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1998;13:661–666
  • Iverson GL. Interpreting change on the WAIS-III/WMS-III in clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2001;16:183–191
  • Barr WB, McCrea M. Sensitivity and specificity of standardized neurocognitive testing immediately following sports concussion. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2001;7:693–702
  • Hinton-Bayre AD, Geffen GM, Geffen LB, McFarland KA, Friis P. Concussion in contact sports: Reliable change indices of impairment and recovery. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 1999;21:70–86
  • Chelune GJ. Assessing reliable neuropsychological change. In: Franklin RD, editor. Prediction in forensic and neuropsychology: sound statistical practices. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2003. pp 65–88
  • Resch JE, Macciocchi S, Ferrara MS. Preliminary evidence of equivalence of alternate forms of the ImPACT. Clinical Neuropsychology 2013;27:1265–1280
  • Axelrod BN, Wall JR. Expectancy of impaired neuropsychological test scores in a non-clinical sample. International Journal of Neuroscience 2007;117:1591–1602
  • Heaton RK, Grant I, Matthews CG. Comprehensive norms for an extended Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographic corrections, research findings, and clinical applications. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 1991
  • Heaton RK, Miller SW, Taylor MJ, Grant I. Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2004
  • Ingraham LJ, Aiken CB. An empirical approach to determining criteria for abnormality in test batteries with multiple measures. Neuropsychology 1996;10:120–124
  • Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Holdnack JA. Misdiagnosis of cognitive impairment in forensic neuropsychology. In: Heilbronner RL, editor. Neuropsychology in the courtroom: Expert analysis of reports and testimony. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. p 243–266
  • Palmer BW, Boone KB, Lesser IM, Wohl MA. Base rates of “impaired” neuropsychological test performance among healthy older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1998;13:503–511
  • Schretlen DJ, Testa SM, Winicki JM, Pearlson GD, Gordon B. Frequency and bases of abnormal performance by healthy adults on neuropsychological testing. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2008;14:436–445
  • Brooks BL, Iverson GL, White T. Substantial risk of “Accidental MCI” in healthy older adults: Base rates of low memory scores in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2007;13:490–500
  • Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH, Gault CB. Estimating the percentage of the population with abnormally low scores (or abnormally large score differences) on standardized neuropsychological test batteries: A generic method with applications. Neuropsychology 2007;21:419–430. Test Software. Available online at: http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/j.crawford/pages/dept/PercentAbnormKtests.htm. Accessed September 30, 2014
  • Brooks BL, Holdnack JA, Iverson GL. Advanced clinical interpretation of the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV: Prevalence of low scores varies by level of intelligence and years of education. Assessment 2011;18:156–167
  • Brooks BL, Iverson GL, Holdnack JA, Feldman HH. The potential for misclassification of mild cognitive impairment: A study of memory scores on the Wechsler Memory Scale-III in healthy older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2008;14:463–478
  • Brooks BL, Iverson GL, Holdnack JA. Understanding and using multivariate base rates with the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV. In: Holdnack JA, Drozdick LW, Weiss LG, Iverson GL, editors. WAIS-IV/WMS-IV/ACS: advanced clinical interpretation. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science; 2013. pp 75–102
  • Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Holdnack JA. Evidence-based neuropsychological assessment following work-related injury. In: Bush SS, Iverson GL, editors. Neuropsychological assessment of work-related injuries. New York: Guilford Press; 2012. p 360–400
  • Iverson GL, Brooks BL. Improving accuracy for identifying cognitive impairment. In: Schoenberg MR, Scott JG, editors. The little black book of neuropsychology: a syndrome-based approach. New York: Springer; 2011. pp 923–950
  • Binder LM, Iverson GL, Brooks BL. To err is human: “Abnormal” neuropsychological scores and variability are common in healthy adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2009;24:31–46
  • Iverson GL, Brooks BL. Development of preliminary evidence-based criteria for cognitive impairment associated with sport-related concussion. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2009;43:i100
  • Iverson GL. Evidence-based neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion. In: Webbe FM, editor. Handbook of sport neuropsychology. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 2011. pp 131–154
  • Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Johnston K, Kelly J, Lovell M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Schamasch P. Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2002;36:6–10
  • McCrory P, Johnston K, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Kelly J, Lovell M, Schamasch P. Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2005;39:196–204
  • McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Johnston K, Dvorak J, Aubry M, Molloy M, Cantu R. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2009;43:i76–i90
  • Schatz P, Ferris CS. One-month test-retest reliability of the ImPACT test battery. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2013;28:499–504
  • Elbin RJ, Schatz P, Covassin T. One-year test-retest reliability of the online version of ImPACT in high school athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2011;39:2319–2324
  • Schatz P. Long-term test-retest reliability of baseline cognitive assessments using ImPACT. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2010;38:47–53
  • Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 4th ed: Technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 2003
  • Delis D, Kramer J, Kaplan E, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test - Children's Version. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1994
  • Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH. The Delis Kaplan Executive Function System: Technical Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.