Does anticholinergics drug burden relate to global neuro-disability outcome measures and length of hospital stay?

References

• Ness J, Hoth A, Barnett M, Shorr R, Kaboli P. Anti-cholinergic medications in community-dwelling older veterans: Prevalence of anti-cholinergic symptoms, symptom burden and adverse drug events. American Journal of Geriatric Pharamacotherapy 2006;4:42–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gurwitz J, Field T, Harrold L. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events amongst older persons in the ambulatory setting. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003;289:1107–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell N, Boustani M, Limbil T, Ott C, Fox C, Maidment I Schubert CC, Munger S, Fick D, Miller D, et al. The cognitive impact of anti-cholinergics: A clinical review. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2009;4:225–233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum C, Paquette A, Hilmer S, Holroyd-Leduc J, Camahan R. A systematic review of amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment induced by anticholinergic, antihistamine, GABAergic and opioid drugs. Drugs & Aging 2012;29:639–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox C, Smith T, Maidment I, Chan WY, Bua N, Myint PK, Boustani M, Kwok CS, Glover M Koopmans I, et al. Effect of medications with anti-cholinergic properties on cognitive function, delirium, physical function and mortality: A systematic review. Age & Ageing 2014;43:604–615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen F, Kaduszkiewicz H, Daerr M, Bickel H, Pentzek M, Riedel-Heller S, Wagner M, Weyerer S, Wiese B, van den Bussche H, et al. Anticholinergic drug use and risk for dementia: Target for dementia prevention. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 2010;260:S111–S115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancelin ML, Artero S, Portet F, Dupuy AM, Touchon J, Ritchie K. Non-degenerative mild cognitive impairment in elderly people and use of anticholinergic drugs: Longitudinal cohort study. British Medical Journal 2006;332:455–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriere I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues JF, Rouaud O, Pasquier F, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML. Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: The 3–city study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2009;169:1317–1324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blane K. 2013, NHS Commissioning Board - Section B Part 1 - Service Specifications - Specialised rehabilitation for patients with highly complex needs, 2014. Available online at: http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/d02-rehab-pat-high-needs-0414.pdf, accessed 18 September 2014
   Google Scholar
• Campbell NL, Maidment I, Fox C, Khan B, Boustani M. The 2012 Update to the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2013;61:S1–232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner-Stokes L. UKROC - UK Rehabilitation Outcomes Collaborative, 2014. Available at: http://www.csi.kcl.ac.uk/ukroc, accessed 13 September 2014
   Google Scholar
• Fox C, Richardson K, Maidment I, Smithard D, Katona C, Boustani M, Savva GM, Coulton S, Matthews FE, l Brayne C on behalf of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Anticholinergic medication use and cognitive impairment in the older population: The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2010;59:1477–1483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagg A, Dale M, Tretter R, Stowe B, Compion G. Randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study investigating the effect of solifenacin and oxybutynin in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: the SENIOR study. European Urology 2013;64:74–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd CA, Musonda P, Soiza RL, Butchart C, Lunt CJ, Pai Y, Hameed Y, Fox GC, Potter JF, Myint PK. The relationship between total anticholinergic burden (ACB) and early in-patient hospital mortality and length of stay in the oldest old (90 years and over) admitted with an acute illness. Archives of Gerontology & Geriatrics 2014;59:155–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medcalf P, Russell GK. Homeless healthcare: Raising the standards. Clinical Medicine 2014;14:349–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn SD, DeJong G, Deutscher D. Practice-based evidence research in rehabilitation: An alternative to randomized controlled trials and traditional observational studies. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2012;93:S127–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Physicians. Medical rehabilitation in 2011 and beyond. Report of a working party. London, England: Royal College of Physicians; 2010
   Google Scholar