Noninvasive Testing of Lung Function and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Asthma Exacerbations

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race/ethnicity—United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53:145–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Lung Association. Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality [American Lung Association, New York web site]. July 1, 2006. Available at: http://www.lungusa.org. Accessed January 18, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Homa DM, Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Gwynn C, Redd SC. Surveillance for asthma—United States, 1980–1999. MMWR Surveill Summ 2002; 51:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden ER, Jr. Acute severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:740–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemanske RF, Jr., Busse WW. Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:S95–S102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerem E, Canny G, TibshiraniR, Reisman J, Bentur L, Schuh S, Levison H. Clinical-physiologic correlations in acute asthma of childhood. Pediatrics 1991; 87:481–486.
   Google Scholar
• Schenkel S. Promoting patient safety and preventing medical error in emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7:1204–1222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker AB, Nelson NA, Simons FE. The pulmonary index. Assessment of a clinical score for asthma. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138:574–576.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Commey JO, Levison H. Physical signs in childhood asthma. Pediatrics 1976; 58:537–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhan ML, Spiro DM. Portable spirometry during acute exacerbations of asthma in children. J Asthma 2009; 46:122–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok MY, Walsh-Kelly CM, Gorelick MH. The role of exhaled nitric oxide in evaluation of acute asthma in a pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2009; 16:21–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Abramo TJ, Sheller JR, Resha DJ, Hartert TV. The Acute Asthma Severity Assessment Protocol (AASAP) study: objectives and methods of a study to develop an acute asthma clinical prediction rule. Emerg Med J 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Sanders DL, Gregg W, Aronsky D. Identifying asthma exacerbations in a pediatric emergency department: a feasibility study. Int J Med Inform 2006 ; 76:557–64.
   Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Asthma POMC. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 7 A.D. 2010. Available at:http://www.ginasthma.org/Guidelines/guidelines-resources.html. Accessed 15 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Expert Panel report 3: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. 2007. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/01_front.pdf Accessed 15 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi F, Pestian J, Davis P , Zaritsky A. Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1030–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjikoumi I, Hassan A, Milner AD. Effects of respiratory timing and cheek support on resistance measurements, before and after bronchodilation in asthmatic children using the interrupter technique. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003; 36:495–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKenzie SA, Chan E, Dundas I , Bridge PD, Pao CS, Mylonopoulou M, Healy MJ. Airway resistance measured by the interrupter technique: normative data for 2–10 year olds of three ethnicities. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:248–251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:912–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopman M, Arets HG, Uiterwaal CS, van der Ent CK. Comparing 6 and 10 sec exhalation time in exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44:340–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black J, Baxter-Jones ADG, Gordon J, Findlay AL, Helms PJ. Assessment of airway function in young children with asthma: comparison of spirometry, interrupter technique, and tidal flow by inductance plethsmography. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 37:548–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144:1202–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudson RJ, Slatin RC, Lebowitz MD , Burrows B. The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve. Normal standards, variability, and effects of age. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976; 113:587–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherrill DL, Lebowitz MD, Knudson RJ , Burrows B. Methodology for generating continuous prediction equations for pulmonary function measures. Comput Biomed Res 1991; 24:249–260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pennock BE, Rogers RM, McCaffree DR. Changes in measured spirometric indices. What is significant? Chest 1981; 80:97–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health. NIH policy on reporting race and ethnicity data: subjects in clinical research. August 1, 2001. Available at: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html. Accessed March 8, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Harrell FE. Regression Modeling Strategies. New York: Springer, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• The R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2008. Available at: http://www.r-project.org/foundation/ Accessed 15 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Brody JL, Annett RD, Scherer DG, Perryman ML, Cofrin KM. Comparisons of adolescent and parent willingness to participate in minimal and above-minimal risk pediatric asthma research protocols. J Adolesc Health 2005; 37:229–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATS Workshop Proceedings: exhaled nitric oxide and nitric oxide oxidative metabolism in exhaled breath condensate: executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:811–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharitonov SA, Gonio F, Kelly C, Meah S, Barnes PJ. Reproducibility of exhaled nitric oxide measurements in healthy and asthmatic adults and children. Eur Respir J 2003; 21:433–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorelick MH, Stevens MW, Schultz T, Scribano PV. Difficulty in obtaining peak expiratory flow measurements in children with acute asthma. Pediatr Emerg Care 2004; 20:22–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendler D, Jenkins T. Children’s and their parents’ views on facing research risks for the benefit of others. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:9–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delacourt C, Lorino H, Fuhrman C, Herve-Guillot M, Reinert P, Harf A, Housset B. Comparison of the forced oscillation technique and the interrupter technique for assessing airway obstruction and its reversibility in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:965–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delacourt C, Lorino H, Herve-Guillot M, Reinert P, Harf A, Housset B. Use of the forced oscillation technique to assess airway obstruction and reversibility in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:730–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komarow HD, Myles IA, Uzzaman A, Metcalfe DD. Impulse oscillometry in the evaluation of diseases of the airways in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:191–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar