147
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH PAPERS

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical activity levels in children from Azores Islands

, , , , &
Pages 682-691 | Received 05 Apr 2009, Accepted 30 Dec 2009, Published online: 07 May 2010

References

  • Abramson, JH, Gahlinger, PM. 2001. PEPI: Computer programs for epidemiologists v.4.0. Salt Lake City, UT: Sagebrush Press.
  • Agras WS, Hammer LD, McNicholas F, Kraemer HC. 2004. Risk factors for childhood overweight: A prospective study from birth to 9.5 years. J Pediatr 145:20–25.
  • Andersen RE, Crespo CJ, Bartlett SJ, Cheskin LJ, Pratt M. 1998. Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 279:938–942.
  • Bonett DG, Price RM. 2002. Statistical inference for a linear function of medians: Confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and sample size requirements. Psychol Meth 7:370–383.
  • Boreham C, Riddoch C. 2001. The physical activity, fitness and health of children. J Sports Sci 19:915–929.
  • Bouchard C. 2002. Genetic influences on body weight. In: Fairburn CG, Brownell KD, editors. Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 16–21.
  • Bundred P, Kitchiner D, Buchan I. 2001. Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies. Br Med J 322:326–328.
  • Cardoso HFV, Padez C. 2008. Changes in height, weight, BMI and in the prevalence of obesity among 9- to 11-year-old affluent Portuguese schoolboys, between 1960 and 2000. Ann Hum Biol 35:624–638.
  • Carvalhal MM, Padez MC, Moreira PA, Rosado VM. 2006. Overweight and obesity related to activities in Portuguese children, 7–9 years. Eur J Public Health 17:42–46.
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention). 2004. National Health and nutrition examination survey. Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents: United States, 2003–2004. CDC National Center for Health Statistics, Health E-Stat, United States.
  • Claessens A, Beunen G, Malina R. 2000. Anthropometry, physique, body composition and maturity. In: Amstrong N, Van Mechelen W, editors. Paediatric exercise science and medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11–22.
  • Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. 2000. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ 320:1240–1243.
  • Colín-Ramírez E, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, Villa Romero AR, Castañeda AV, Asensio Lafuente E. 2009. Waist circumference and fat intake are associated with high blood pressure in Mexican children aged 8 to 10 years. J Am Diet Assoc 109:996–1003.
  • Corder K, Ekelund U, Steele RM, Wareham NJ, Brage S. 2008. Assessment of physical activity in youth. J Appl Physiol 105:977–987.
  • Dale D, Welk GJ, Mathews CE. 2002. Methods for assessing physical activity and challenges for research. In: Welk GJ, editor. Physical activity assessments for health-related research. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 107–123.
  • Dencker M, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, Linde C, Svensson J, Wollmer P, Andersen LB. 2006. Daily physical activity in Swedish children aged 8–11 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16:252–257.
  • Dietz W. 2002. Foreward. In: Burniat W, Cole T, Lissau I, Poskitt E, editors. Child and adolescents obesity causes and consequences. Prevention and management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. XV–XVII.
  • Ferreira R, Marques-Vidal PM. 2008. Prevalence and determinants of obesity in children in public schools of Sintra, Portugal. Obesity 16:497–500.
  • Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, Westfall AO, Allison DB. 2003. Years of life lost due to obesity. JAMA 289:187–193.
  • Ford ES, Galuska DA, Gillespie C, Will JC, Giles WH, Dietz WH. 2001. C-reactive protein and body mass index in children: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994. J Pediatr 138:486–492.
  • Godin G, Shephard RJ. 1985. A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci 10:141–146.
  • Gouveia ER, Freitas DL, Maia JA, Beunen GP, Claessens AL, Marques AT, Thomis MA, Almeida SM, Sousa AM, Lefevre JA. 2007. Atividade física, aptidão e sobrepeso em crianças e adolescentes: ‘o estudo de crescimento da Madeira’. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esp 21:95–106.
  • Guy JA, Micheli LJ. 2001. Strength training for children and adolescents. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 9:29–36.
  • Hill AJ, Silver EK. 1995. Fat, friendless and unhealthy: 9–year old children's perception of body shape stereotypes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19:423–430.
  • Katzmarzyk PT, Janssen I. 2004. The economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in Canada: An update. Can J Appl Physiol 29:90–115.
  • Lima F, De FV, Baima J, Carazzato JG, Pereira RM. 2001. Effects of impact load and active load on bone metabolism and body composition of adolescent athletes. Med Sci Sports Exer 33:1318–1323.
  • Livingstone MBE. 2001. Childhood obesity in Europe: A growing concern. Public Health Nutr 4:109–116.
  • Maffeis C. 2000. Aetiology of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 15(Suppl 1):S35–S44.
  • Magalhães L, Maia J, Silva R, Seabra A. 2002. Padrão de actividade física. Estudo em crianças de ambos os sexos do 4° ano de escolaridade. Rev Port Cien Desp 2:47–57.
  • Maia J, Lopes VP, Morais VP. 2001. Actividade física e aptidão física associada à saúde. Um estudo de epidemiologia genética em gémeos e suas famílias realizado no Arquipélago dos Açores. FCDEF-UP/DREFD editores, Porto.
  • Matecka-Tendera E, Klimek K, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. 2005. Obesity and overweight prevalence in Polish 7 to 9-year-old children. Obes Res 13:964–968.
  • Must A, Strauss RS. 1999. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23(Suppl 2):S2–S11.
  • Ogden CL. 2006. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA 295:1549–1555.
  • Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Sjöström M. 2007. Physical activity, overweight and central adiposity in Swedish children and adolescents: The European Youth Heart Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 4:1–10.
  • Padez C, Fernandes T, Mourão I, Moreira P, Rosado V. 2004. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7–9 year old Portuguese children: Trends in body mass index from 1970–2002. Am J Hum Biol 16:670–678.
  • Padez C, Mourão I, Moreira P, Rosado V. 2005. Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children. Acta Paediatr 94:1550–1557.
  • Parfitt G, Pavey T, Rowlands AV. 2009. Children's physical activity and psychological health: The relevance of intensity. Acta Paediatr 98:1037–1043.
  • Riddoch CJ, Andersen LB, Wedderkkop N, Harro M, Klasson-Heggebo L, Sardinha LB, Cooper AR, Ekelund U. 2004. Physical activity levels and patterns of 9 and 15-yr-old European children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:86–92.
  • Romero-Velarde E, Campollo-Rivas O, Celis de la Rosa A, Vasquez-Garibay EM, Castro-Hernandez JF, Cruz-Osorio RM. 2007. Risk factors for dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents. Salud Publ Mex 49:103–108.
  • Saakslahti A, Numminen P, Varstala V, Helenius H, Tammi A, Viikari J, Välimäki I. 2004. Physical activity as a preventive measure for coronary heart disease risk factors in early childhood. Scand J Med Sci Sports 14:143–149.
  • Sallis J. 1995. A behavioral perspective on children's physical activity. In: Cheung L, Richmond J, editors. Child health, nutrition, and physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 125–138.
  • Sardinha L, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Quitério AL, Ornelas R, Froberg K, Riddoch CJ, Ekelund U. 2008. Objectively measured time spent sedentary is associated with insulin resistance independent of overall and central body fat in 9- to 10–year-old Portuguese children. Diabetes Care 31:569–575.
  • Shields M. 2006. Overweight and obesity among children and youth. Health Rep 17:27–42.
  • Sousa M, Maia J. 2005. Crescimento somático, actividade física e aptidão física associada à saúde. Um estudo populacional nas crianças do 1° Ciclo do Ensino Básico do Concelho de Amarante. Ed. Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do Porto, Câmara Municipal de Amarante.
  • Srinivasan SR, Myers L, Berenson GS. 2002. Predictability of childhood adiposity and insulin for developing resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in young adulthood: The Bogalosa Heart Study. Diabetes 51:204–209.
  • Strauss RS. 2000. Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics 105:e15.
  • Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJR, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, Hergenroeder AC, Must A, Nixon PA, Pivarnik JM, Rowland T, Trost S, Trudeau F. 2005. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr 146:732–737.
  • Sweeting H. 2008. Gendered dimensions of obesity in childhood and adolescence. Nutr J 7:1–14.
  • Trost SG, Pate RR, Sallis JF, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M, Sirard J. 2002. Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:350–355.
  • Van Mechelen W, Twisk JWR, Post GB, Snel J, Kemper HCG. 2000. Physical activity of young people: The Amsterdam longitudinal growth and healthy study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:1610–1616.
  • Wearing SC, Hennig EM, Byrne NM, Steele JR, Hills AP. 2006. The impact of childhood obesity on musculoskeletal form. Obes Rev 7:209–216.
  • Whelton H, Harrington J, Crowley E, Kelleher V, Cronin M, Perry IJ. 2002. Prevalence of overweight and obesity on the island of Ireland: Results from the North South Survey of Children's Height, Weight and Body Mass Index. BMC Public Health 7:187.
  • WHO. 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Technical report Series 916. Geneva: WHO.
  • WHO.2005. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: WHO.
  • Wolf A, Gortmarker S, Cheung L. 1993. Activity, inactivity and obesity: Race, ethnic and age differences among schoolchildren. Am J Public Health 83:1625–1627.
  • Zimmermann MB, Gübeli C, Püntener C, Molinari L. 2004. Overweight and obesity in 6–12 year old children in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 134:523–528.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.