High-Resolution Melting Analysis of BLU Methylation Levels in Gastric, Colorectal, and Pancreatic Cancers

REFERENCES

• Kok, K.; Naylor, S.L.; Buys, C.H. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 3 in solid tumors and the search for suppressor genes. Adv Cancer Res 1997, 71, 27–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman, M.I.; Minna, J.D. The 630-kb lung cancer homozygous deletion region on human chromosome 3p21.3: identification and evaluation of the resident candidate tumor suppressor genes. The international lung cancer chromosome 3p21.3 Tumor suppressor gene consortium. Cancer Res 2000, 60, 6116–6133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, G.H.; Tan, L.K.; Loh, K.S.; Lim, C.Y.; Srivastava, G.; Tsai, S.T.; Tsao, S.W.; Tao, Q. The candidate tumor suppressor gene BLU, located at the commonly deleted region 3p21.3, is an E2F-regulated, stress-responsive gene and inactivated by both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2004, 23, 4793–4806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agathanggelou, A.; Dallol, A.; Zochbauer-Muller, S.; Morrissey, C.; Honorio, S.; Hesson, L.; Martinsson, T.; Fong, K.M.; Kuo, M.J.; Yuen, P.W.; Maher, E.R.; Minna, J.D.; Latif, F. Epigenetic inactivation of the candidate 3p21.3 suppressor gene BLU in human cancers. Oncogene 2003, 22, 1580–1588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteller, M. Cancer epigenomics: DNA methylomes and histone-modification maps. Nat Rev Genet 2007, 8, 286–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayadi, W.; Karray-Hakim, H.; Khabir, A.; Feki, L.; Charfi, S.; Boudawara, T.; Ghorbel, A.; Daoud, J.; Frikha, M.; Busson, P.; Hammami, A. Aberrant methylation of p16, DLEC1, BLU and E-cadherin gene promoters in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies from Tunisian patients. Anticancer Res 2008, 28, 2161–2167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito, M.; Ito, G.; Kondo, M.; Uchiyama, M.; Fukui, T.; Mori, S.; Yoshioka, H.; Ueda, Y.; Shimokata, K.; Sekido, Y. Frequent inactivation of RASSF1A, BLU, and SEMA3B on 3p21.3 by promoter hypermethylation and allele loss in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2005, 225, 131–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, H.C.; Lin, Y.W.; Chang, C.C.; Wang, H.C.; Chu, T.W.; Yu, M.H.; Chu, T.Y. Hypermethylation of two consecutive tumor suppressor genes, BLU and RASSF1A, located at 3p21.3 in cervical neoplasias. Gynecol Oncol 2007, 104, 629–635.
   Google Scholar
• Lorente, A.; Mueller, W.; Urdangarin, E.; Lazcoz, P.; von Deimling, A.; Castresana, J.S. Detection of methylation in promoter sequences by melting curve analysis-based semiquantitative real time PCR. BMC Cancer 2008, 8, 61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wojdacz, T.K.; Dobrovic, A.; Hansen, L.L. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting. Nat Protocol 2008, 3, 1903–1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virmani, A.K., Tsou, J.A., Siegmund, K.D., Shen, L.Y., Long, T.I., Laird, P.W., Gazdar, A.F.; Laird-Offringa, I.A. Hierarchical clustering of lung cancer cell lines using DNA methylation markers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002, 11, 291–297.
   Google Scholar
• Wittwer, C.T.; Reed, G.H.; Gundry, C.N.; Vandersteen, J.G.; Pryor, R.J. High-resolution genotyping by amplicon melting analysis using LCGreen. Clin Chem 2003, 49, 853–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz, M.F.; Fraga, M.F.; Avila, S.; Guo, M.; Pollan, M.; Herman, J.G.; Esteller, M. A systematic profile of DNA methylation in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2003, 63, 1114–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, E.E.; Baylin, S.B.; Herman, J.G. p15(INK4B) CpG island methylation in primary acute leukemia is heterogeneous and suggests density as a critical factor for transcriptional silencing. Blood 1999, 94, 2445–2451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, C.L. Dependence of transcriptional repression on CpG methylation density. Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14, 5487–5494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taback, B.; Giuliano, A.E.; Lai, R.; Hansen, N.; Singer, F.R.; Pantel, K.; Hoon, D.S. Epigenetic analysis of body fluids and tumor tissues: application of a comprehensive molecular assessment for early-stage breast cancer patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006, 1075, 211–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak, K.J.; Schmittgen, T.D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001, 25, 402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmittgen, T.D.; Livak, K.J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protocol 2008, 3, 1101–1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwabi-Addo, B.; Chung, W.; Shen, L.; Ittmann, M.; Wheeler, T.; Jelinek, J.; Issa, J.P. Age-related DNA methylation changes in normal human prostate tissues. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13, 3796–3802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman, J.G.; Graff, J.R.; Myohanen, S.; Nelkin, B.D.; Baylin, S.B. Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93, 9821–9826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, S.J.; Harrison, J.; Paul, C.L.; Frommer, M. High sensitivity mapping of methylated cytosines. Nucleic Acids Res 1994, 22, 2990–2997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frommer, M.; McDonald, L.E.; Millar, D.S.; Collis, C.M.; Watt, F.; Grigg, G.W.; Molloy, P.L.; Paul, C.L. A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992, 89, 1827–1831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colella, S.; Shen, L.; Baggerly, K.A.; Issa, J.P.; Krahe, R. Sensitive and quantitative universal pyrosequencing methylation analysis of CpG sites. Biotechniques 2003, 35, 146–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnecke, P.M.; Stirzaker, C.; Melki, J.R.; Millar, D.S.; Paul, C.L.; Clark, S.J. Detection and measurement of PCR bias in quantitative methylation analysis of bisulphite-treated DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1997, 25, 4422–4426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojdacz, T.K.; Hansen, L.L. Reversal of PCR bias for improved sensitivity of the DNA methylation melting curve assay. Biotechniques 2006, 41, 274, 276, 278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar