Silibinin-Induced Apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D Human Breast Carcinoma Cells Involves Caspase-8 Activation and Mitochondrial Pathway

REFERENCES

• Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2000: Cancer Incidence, Morality and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 1.0. IARC Cancer Base No. 5. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Warren R. Screening women at high risk of breast cancer on the basis of evidence. Euro J Radiol 2001;39:50–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun S, Hail N Jr., Lotan R. Apoptosis as a novel target for cancer chemoprevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:662–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bold RJ, Termuhlen PM, McConkey DJ. Apoptosis, cancer and cancer therapy. Surgical Oncol 1997;6:133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira LM, Naomoto Y, Hamada M, Kamikawa Y, Orita K. Assessment of apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma preoperatively treated by chemotherapy agents. Anticancer Res 1995;15: 639–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danial NN, Korsmeyer SJ. Cell death: critical control points. Cell 2004;116:205–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borst P, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J. How do real tumors become resistant to cisplatin? Cell Cycle 2008;15:1353–1359.
   Google Scholar
• McWhinney SR, Goldberg RM, McLeod HL. Platinum neurotoxicity pharmacogenetics. Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8:10–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuda H, Ohshima Y, Nomoto H, Fujita K, Matsuda E, Iigo M, Takasuka N, Moore MA. Cancer prevention by natural compounds. Drug Meta Pharmacokinet 2004;19:245–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galati G, O’Brien PJ. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radical Biol Med 2004;37:287–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownson DM, Azios NG, Fuqua BK, Dharmawardhane SF. Flavonoid effects relevant to cancer. J Nutr 2002;132:3482–3489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellington K, Jarvis B. Silymarin: a review of its clinical properties in the management of hepatic disorders. Bio Drugs 2001;15: 465–489.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur M, Agarwal R. Silymarin and epithelial cancer chemoprevention: How close we are to bedside? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007;224:350–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaig TW, Gustafson DL, Su L, Zirrolli JA, Crighton F, Harrison GS, Pierson AS, Agarwal R, Glode LM. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of silybin-phytosome in prostate cancer patients. Investig New Drugs 2007;25:139–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zi X, Feyes DK, Agarwal R. Anticarcinogenic effect of a flavonoids antioxidant, silymarin, in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 468: Induction of G1 arrest through an increase in Cip1/p21 concomitant with a decrease in kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and associated cyclins. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:1055–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojtesek B, Lane DP. Regulation of p53 protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Sci 1993;105:607–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jänicke RU, Sprengart ML, Wati MR, Porter AG. Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1998;273:9357–9360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapata JM, Krajewski M, Krejewski S, Huang R, Takayama S, Wang H, Adamson E, Reed JC. Expression of multiple apoptosis regulatory genes in human breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;47:129–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE. p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticanced agents. Cell 1993;74:957–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanc C, Deveraux QL, Krajewski S, Janicke RU, Porter AG, Reed JC, Jaggi R, Marti A. Caspase 3 is essential for procaspase 9 procressing and cisplatin induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2000;60:4386–4390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney LM, Al-Sakkaf KA, Brown BL, Dobson PRM. Apoptotic mechanisms in T47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2002;87:909–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar B, Joshi J, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Hazra B, Mishra KP. Radiosensitization by diospyrin diethylether in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2007;304:287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar B, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Hazra B, Mishra KP. Enhancement of radiation-induced cytotoxicity in fibrosarcoma tumor in murine models, as well as in a human cell line, by diospyrin diethylether. Int J Radiat Biol 2008;84:429–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroemer G, Reed JC. Mitochondrial control of cell death. Nat Med 2000;6:513–519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar B, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Hazra B, Mishra KP. Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the apoptosis induced by diospyrin diethylether in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2009;320:185–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton DC, Tzagoloff A. Cytochrome oxidase from beef heart mitochondria. Methods Enzymol 1967;10:245–250.
   Google Scholar
• Wang HJ, Tashiro S, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling enhanced silibinin-induced activation of death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2008;107:260–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatachalam S, Shi YP, Jones SN, Vogel H, Bradley A, Pinkel D, Donehower LA. Retention of wild-type p53 in tumors from p53 heterozygous mice: reduction of p53 dosage can promote cancer formation. EMBO J 1998;17:4657–4667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaina B. DNA damage-triggered apoptosis: critical role of DNA repair, double-strand breaks, cell proliferation and signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:1547–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkhalaf M, El-Mowafy AM. Overexpression of wild-type p53 gene renders MCF-7 breast cancer cells more sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of progesterone. J Endocrinology 2003;179:55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S. Mechanisms mediating caspase activation in cell death. Cell Death Diff 1999;6:1060–1066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed JC. Regulation of apoptosis by bcl-2 family proteins and its role in cancer and chemoresistance. Curr Opin Oncol 1995;7:541–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulda S. Caspase-8 in cancer biology and therapy. Can Lett 2009;281:128–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashima T, Tsuruo T. Defects of the apoptotic pathway as therapeutic target against cancer. Drug Resis Updates 2005;8:339–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Zou H, Widlak P, Garrard W, Wang X. Activation of the apoptotic endonuclease DFF40 (Caspase activated Dnase or nuclease). Oligomerisation and direct interaction with histone H1. J Biol Chem 1999;274:13836–13840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang D, Kidd VJ. Cleavage of DFF-45/ ICAD by multiple caspases is essential for its function during apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1998;273:28549–28552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal C, Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Tyagi AK, Tecklenburg M, Sclafani RA, Agarwal R. Silibinin upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Oncogene 2003;22:8271–8282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Deep G, Chittezhath M, Kaur M, Dwyer-Nield LD, Malkinson AM, Agarwal R. Effect of silibinin on the growrh and progression of primary lung tumors in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:846–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Tyagi AK, Chan DC, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Dietary feeding of silibinin inhibits advance human prostate carcinoma growth in athymic nude mice and increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels. Cancer Res 2002;62:3063–3069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar