Expression of Cysteine Protease Cathepsin L is Increased in Endometrial Cancer and Correlates With Expression of Growth Regulatory Genes

REFERENCES

• Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:71–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichhorst ST, Krammer PH. Derangement of apoptosis in cancer. Lancet 2001;358:345–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairns RA, Khokha R, Hill RP. Molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis: an integrated view. Curr Mol Med 2003;3:659–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley RR, Fidler IJ. Tumor cell-organ microenvironment interactions in the pathogenesis of cancer metastasis. Endocr Rev 2007;28:297–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lah TT, Durán Alonso MB, Van Noorden CJ. Antiprotease therapy in cancer: hot or not? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006;6:257–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turk B. Targeting proteases: successes, failures and future prospects. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:785–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankelma JM, Voorend DM, Barwari T, Koetsveld J, Van der Spek AH, De Porto AP, Van Rooijen G, Van Noorden CJ. Cathepsin L, target in cancer treatment? Life Sci 2010;86:225–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gocheva V, Joyce JA. Cysteine cathepsins and the cutting edge of cancer invasion. Cell Cycle 2007;1:60–64.
   Google Scholar
• Gross J, Lapiere CM. Collagenolytic activity in amphibian tissues: a tissue culture assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1962;48:1014–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Otín C, Matrisian LM. Emerging roles of proteases in tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:800–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rio, MC. From a unique cell to metastasis is a long way to go: clues to stromelysin-3 participation. Biochimie 2005;87:299–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel G, Heselmeyer K, Auer G, Bäckdahl M, Eriksson E, Linder S. Correlation between stromelysin-3 mRNA level and outcome of human breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1994;58:830–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed MM, Sloane BF. Cysteine cathepsins: multifunctional enzymes in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:764–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jedeszko C, Sloane BF. Cysteine cathepsins in human cancer. Biol Chem 2004;385:1017–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce JA, Hanahan D. Multiple roles for cysteine cathepsins in cancer. Cell Cycle 2004;3:1516–1619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahamson M, Alvarez-Fernandez M, Nathanson CM. Cystatins. Biochem Soc Symp 2003;70:179–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokimaa V, Oksjoki S, Kujari H, Vuorio E, Anttila L. Expression patterns of cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in the human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 2001;7:73–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulet B, Sansregret L, Leduy L, Bogyo M, Weber E, Chauhan SS, Nepveu A. Increased expression and activity of nuclear cathepsin L in cancer cells suggests a novel mechanism of cell transformation. Mol Cancer Res 2007;5:899–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacey JV Jr, Mutter GL, Ronnett BM, Ioffe OB, Duggan MA, Rush BB, Glass AG, Richesson DA, Chatterjee N, Langholz B, Sherman ME. PTEN expression in endometrial biopsies as a marker of progression to endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008;68:6014–6020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daikoku T, Hirota Y, Tranguch S, Joshi AR, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP, Ellenson LH, Dey SK. Conditional loss of uterine Pten unfailingly and rapidly induces endometrial cancer in mice. Cancer Res 2008;68:5619–5627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetzel DJ, Wilson TO, Keeney GL, Roche PC, Cha SS, Podratz KC. HER-2/neu expression: a major prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1992;47:179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Konishi I, Koshiyama M, Mandai M, Nanbu Y, Ishikawa Y, Mori T, Fujii S. Expression of c-erbB-2 protein and epidermal growth receptor in endometrial carcinomas. Correlation with clinicopathologic and sex steroid receptor status. Cancer 1993;72:2628–2637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, BA, Gilks, CB. Endometrial carcinoma: controversies in histopathological assessment of grade and tumour cell type. J Clin Pathol 2010;63:410–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001;25:402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levicar N, Dewey RA, Daley E, Bates TE, Davies D, Kos J, Pilkington GJ, Lah TT. Selective suppression of cathepsin L by antisense cDNA impairs human brain tumor cell invasion in vitro and promotes apoptosis. Cancer Gene Ther 2003;10:141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gocheva V, Zeng W, Ke D, Klimstra D, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hanahan D, Joyce JA. Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2006;20:543–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedergethmann M, Wostbrock B, Sturm JW, Willeke F, Post S, Hildenbrand R. Prognostic impact of cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin L in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2004;29(3): 204–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasu K, Kai K, Fujisawa K, Takai N, Nishida Y, Miyakawa I. Expression of cathepsin L in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;99(1):102–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson IC, Sugarbaker DJ, Ganju RK, Tsarwhas DG, Richards WG, Sunday M, Kobzik L, Shipp MA. Stromelysin-3 is overexpressed by stromal elements in retinoic acid in pulmonary fibroblasts primary non-small cell lung cancers and regulated by retinoic acid in pulmonary fibroblasts. Cancer Res 1995;55:4120–4126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basset P, Bellocq JP, Wolf C, Stoll I, Hutin P, Limacher JM, Podhajcer OL, Chenard MP, Rio MC, Chambon P. A novel metalloproteinase gene specifically expressed in stromal cells of breast carcinomas. Nature 1990;348:699–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callegari EA, Ferguson-Gottschall S, Gibori G. PGF2alpha induced differential expression of genes involved in turnover of extracellular matrix in rat decidual cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005;11:3.
   Google Scholar
• Song G, Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Cathepsins in the ovine uterus: regulation by pregnancy, progesterone, and interferon tau. Endocrinology 2005;146(11):4825–4833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih HC, Shiozawa T, Kato K, Imai T, Miyamoto T, Uchikawa J, Nikaido T, Konishi I. Immunohistochemical expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, tumor-suppressor gene products, Ki-67, and sex steroid receptors in endometrial carcinoma: positive staining for cyclin A as a poor prognostic indicator. Hum Pathol 2003;34:471–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horree N, van Diest PJ, van der Groep P, Sie-Go DM, Heintz AP. Progressive derailment of cell cycle regulators in endometrial carcinogenesis. J Clin Pathol 2008;61:36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oreskovic S, Babic D, Kalafatic D, Barisic D, Beketic-Oreskovic L. A significance of immunohistochemical determination of steroid receptors, cell proliferation factor Ki-67 and protein p53 in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2004;93:34–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarty D, Gupta N, Goda JS, Srinivasan R, Patel FD, Dhaliwal L. Steroid receptors, HER2/neu and Ki-67, in endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma: correlation with conventional histomorphological features of prognosis. Acta Histochem 2010;112(4):355–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchikawa J, Shiozawa T, Shih HC, Miyamoto T, Feng YZ, Kashima H, Oka K, Konishi I. Expression of steroid receptor coactivators and corepressors in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma with relevance to steroid receptors and Ki-67 expression. Cancer 2003;98:2207–2213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikawa S, Sano T, Furumoto H, Aono T. Multidirectional differentiation of endometrial carcinoma with special reference to tumor aggressiveness evaluated by Ki-67 expression. Gynecol Oncol 1999;72:323–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannefeld M, Klassen E, Gaubatz S. B-MYB is required for recovery from the DNAdamage-induced G2 checkpoint in p53 mutant cells. Cancer Res. 2009;69:4073–4080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabani N, Mylonas I, Jeschke, Udo, Thaqi A, Kuhn C, Puchner T, Friese K. Expression of estrogen receptors α and β and progesterone receptors A and B in human mucinous carcinoma of the endometrium. Anticancer Res 2007;27:2027–2034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, TE Jr, Osteen, KG. The matrix metalloproteinase system: changes, regulation, and impact throughout the ovarian and uterine reproductive cycle. Endocr Rev 2003;24:428–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaide Chevronnay HP, Selvais C, Emonard H, Galant C, Marbaix E, Henriet P. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases activity studied in human endometrium as a paradigm of cyclic tissue breakdown and regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1:46–56.
   Google Scholar
• Goffin F, Munaut C, Frankenne F, Perrier D'Hauterive S, Béliard A, Fridman V, Nervo P, Colige A, Foidart JM. Expression pattern of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix-metalloproteinases in cycling human endometrium. Biol Reprod 2003;69:976–984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byers M, Kuiper GG, Gustafsson JA, Park-Sarge OK. Estrogen receptor-beta mRNA expression in rat ovary: down-regulation by gonadotropins. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:172–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weihua Z, Saji S, Makinen S, Cheng G, Jensen EV, Warner M, Gustafsson J-A. Estrogen receptor (ER) β, a modulator of ERα in the uterus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:5936–5941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JM, McDonnell DP. The estrogen receptor β-isoform (ERβ) of the human estrogen receptor modulates ERα transcriptional activity and is a key regulator of the cellular response to estrogens and antiestrogens. Endocrinology 1999;140:5566–5578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar