764
Views
72
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cardiovascular Risk of Resistant Hypertension: Dependence on Treatment-Time Regimen of Blood Pressure–Lowering Medications

, , &
Pages 340-352 | Received 13 Apr 2012, Accepted 24 Apr 2012, Published online: 19 Oct 2012

REFERENCES

  • Appel LJ, Wright JT Jr, Greene T, Agodoa LY, Astor BC, Bakris GL, Cleveland WH, Charleston J, Contreras G, Faulkner ML, Gabbai FB, Gassman JJ, Hebert LA, Jamerson KA, Kopple JD, Kusek JW, Lash JP, Lea JP, Lewis JB, Lipkowitz MS, Massry SG, Miller ER, Norris K, Phillips RA, Pogue VA, Randall OS, Rostand SG, Smogorzewski MJ, Toto RD, Wang X, AASK Collaborative Research Group. (2010). Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 363:918–929.
  • Ben-Dov IZ, Kark JD, Ben-Ishay D, Mekler J, Ben-Arie L, Bursztyn M. (2007). Predictors of all-cause mortality in clinical ambulatory monitoring. Unique aspects of blood pressure during sleep. Hypertension 49:1235–1241.
  • Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, Grambsch P, Lucente T, White WB, Neaton JD, Grimm RH Jr, Hansson L, Lacourciere Y, Muller J, Sleight P, Weber MA, Williams G, Wittes J, Zanchetti A, Anders RJ, CONVINCE Research Group. (2003). Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 289:2073–2082.
  • Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Björklund-Bodegård K, Richart T, Ohkubo T, Kuznetsova T, Torp-Pedersen CH, Lind L, Ibsen H, Imai Y, Wang J, Sandoya E, O'Brien E, Staessen JA. (2007). Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study. Lancet 370:1219–1229.
  • Bouhanick B, Bongard V, Amar J, Bousquel S, Chamontin B. (2008). Prognostic value of nocturnal blood pressure and reverse-dipping status on the occurrence of cardiovascular events in hypertensive diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. 34:560–567.
  • Brotman DJ, Davidson MB, Boumitri M, Vidt DG. (2008). Impaired diurnal blood pressure variation and all-cause mortality. Am. J. Hypertens. 21:92–97.
  • Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, White A, Cushman WC, White W, Sica D, Ferdinand K, Giles TD, Falkner B, Carey RM. (2008). Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 51:1403–1419.
  • Crespo C, Aboy M, Fernández JR, Mojón A. (2012). Automatic identification of activity-rest periods based on actigraphy. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 50:329–340.
  • Crespo C, Fernández JR, Aboy M, Mojón A. (2013). Clinical application of a novel automatic algorithm for actigraphy-based activity and rest period identification to accurately determine awake and asleep ambulatory blood pressure parameters and cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :43–54.
  • Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, Simons-Morton DG, Basile JN, Corson MA, Probstfield JL, Katz L, Peterson KA, Friedewald WT, Buse JB, Bigger JT, Gerstein HC, Ismail-Beigi F, ACCORD Study Group. (2010). Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 362:1575–1585.
  • Cuspidi C, Macca G, Sampieri L, Michev I, Salerno M, Fusi V, Severgnini B, Meani S, Magrini F, Zanchetti A. (2001). High prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage in refractory hypertension. J. Hypertens. 19:2063–2070.
  • de la Sierra A, Redon J, Banegas JR, Segura J, Parati G, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Sobrino J, Llisterri JL, Alonso J, Vinyoles E, Pallarés V, Sarría A, Aranda P, Ruilope LM, Spanish Society of Hypertension Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry Investigators. (2009). Prevalence and factors associated with circadian blood pressure patterns in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 53:466–472.
  • Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, Hinedi K, Atkins N, McClory S, Den Hond E, McCormack P, Staessen JA, O'Brien E. (2005). Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension 46:156–161.
  • Fagard RH, Celis H, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA. (2008). Daytime and nighttime blood pressure as predictors of death and cause-specific cardiovascular events in hypertension. Hypertension 51:55–61.
  • Fan HQ, Li Y, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Boggia J, Kikuya M, Björklund-Bodegard K, Richart T, Ohkubo T, Jeppesen J, Torp-Pedersen C, Dolan E, Kuznetsova T, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Tikhonoff V, Malyutina S, Casiglia E, Nikitin Y, Lind L, Sandoya E, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Imai Y, Ibsen H, O'Brien E, Wang J, Staessen JA. (2010). Prognostic value of isolated nocturnal hypertension on ambulatory measurement in 8711 individuals from 10 populations. J. Hypertens. 28:2036–2045.
  • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Frauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Costa F. (2005). Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112:2735–2752.
  • Guidelines Committee. (2003). 2003 European Society of Hypertension–European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J. Hypertens. 21:1011–1053.
  • Hermida RC. (1999). Time-qualified reference values for 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Blood Press. Monit. 4:137–147.
  • Hermida RC. (2007). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the prediction of cardiovascular events and effects of chronotherapy: rationale and design of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol. Int. 24:749–775.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE. (2003). Sampling requirements for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertension 42:619–624.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE. (2009). Chronotherapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in essential hypertension: improved blood pressure control with bedtime dosing. Hypertension 54:40–46.
  • Hermida RC, Fernández JR. (1996). Computation of time-specified tolerance intervals for ambulatorily monitored blood pressure. Biomed. Instrum. Technol. 30:257–266.
  • Hermida RC, Smolensky MH. (2004). Chronotherapy of hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 13:501–505.
  • Hermida RC, Mojón A, Fernández JR, Ayala DE. (1996). Computer-based medical system for the computation of blood pressure excess in the diagnosis of hypertension. Biomed. Instrum. Technol. 30:267–283.
  • Hermida RC, Fernández JR, Mojón A, Ayala DE. (2000). Reproducibility of the hyperbaric index as a measure of blood pressure excess. Hypertension 35:118–125.
  • Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Ruilope LM, López JE. (2002a). Evaluation of the extent and duration of the “ABPM effect” in hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 40:710–717.
  • Hermida RC, Mojón A, Fernández JR, Alonso I, Ayala DE. (2002b). The tolerance-hyperbaric test: a chronobiologic approach for improved diagnosis of hypertension. Chronobiol. Int. 19:1183–1211.
  • Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, López JE, Fernández JR, Mojón A, Domínguez MJ, Covelo M. (2003). Seasonal variation of fibrinogen in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. Circulation 108:1101–1106.
  • Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Domínguez MJ, Covelo M, Fernández JR, Fontao MJ, López JE. (2004). Administration-time-dependent effects of doxazosin GITS on ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol. Int. 21:277–296.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C. (2005). Administration time-dependent effects of antihypertensive treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 14:453–459.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C, Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH. (2007a). Chronotherapy of hypertension: administration-time dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59:923–939.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Calvo C. (2007b). Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of telmisartan in essential hypertension. Hypertension 50:715–722.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE. Fernandez JR, Mojón A, Calvo C. (2007c). Influence of measurement duration and frequency on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 60:131–138.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Calvo C. (2008). Chronotherapy improves blood pressure control and reverts the nondipper pattern in patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 51:69–76.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Chayán L, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2009). Administration-time-dependent effects of olmesartan on the ambulatory blood pressure of essential hypertension patients. Chronobiol. Int. 26:61–79.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2010a). Effects of time of antihypertensive treatment on ambulatory blood pressure and clinical characteristics of subjects with resistant hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 23:432–439.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2010b). Influence of circadian time of hypertension treatment on cardiovascular risk: results of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol. Int. 27:1629–1651.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Portaluppi F, Fabbian F, Smolensky MH. (2011a). Circadian rhythms in blood pressure regulation and optimization of hypertension treatment with ACE inhibitor and ARB medications. Am. J. Hypertens. 24:383–391.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011b). Decreasing sleep-time blood pressure determined by ambulatory monitoring reduces cardiovascular risk. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58:1165–1173.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011c). Influence of time of day of blood pressure-lowering treatment on cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 34:1270–1276.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2011d). Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk in CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22:2313–2321.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2012a). Sleep-time blood pressure as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Hypertens. 25:325–334.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2012b). Sleep-time blood pressure and the prognostic value of isolated-office and masked hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 25:297–305.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Mojón A. (2013a). Sleep-time blood pressure: prognostic value and relevance as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :68–86.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Mojón A, Smolensky MH, Fabbian F, Portaluppi F. (2013b). Administration-time differences in effects of hypertension medications on ambulatory blood pressure regulation. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :280–314.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fontao MJ, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013c). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: importance of sampling rate and duration—48 versus 24 hours—on the accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :55–67.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013d). Cardiovascular risk of essential hypertension: influence of class, number, and treatment-time regimen of hypertension medications. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :315–327.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013e). Blunted sleep-time relative blood pressure decline increases cardiovascular risk independent of blood pressure level—the “normotensive non-dipper” paradox. Chronobiol Int. 30 :87–98.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2013f). Role of time-of-day of hypertension treatment on the J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Chronobiol. Int. 30 :328–339.
  • Ingelsson E, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, Lind L, Arnlov J, Sundstrom J. (2006). Diurnal blood pressure pattern and risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA 295:2859–2866.
  • Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, Metoki H, Obara T, Saito S, Hashimoto J, Totsune K, Hoshi H, Satoh H, Imai Y. (2005). Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. The Ohasama Study. Hypertension 45:240–245.
  • Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang Y, Castro AF, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J, for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). (2009). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann. Intern. Med. 150:604–612.
  • Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Struijker HAJ, Zanchetti A. (2007). 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J. Hypertens. 25:1105–1187.
  • Minutolo R, Gabbai FB, Borrelli S, Scigliano R, Trucillo P, Baldanza D, Laurino S, Mascia S, Conte G, De Nicola L. (2007). Changing the timing of antihypertensive therapy to reduce nocturnal blood pressure in CKD: an 8-week uncontrolled trial. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 50:908–917.
  • Nakano S, Fukuda M, Hotta F, Ito T, Ishii T, Kitazawa M, Nishizawa M, Kigoshi T, Uchida K. (1998). Reversed circadian blood pressure rhythm is associated with occurrences of both fatal and nonfatal events in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes 47:1501–1506.
  • Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Hashimoto J, Hoshi H, Araki T, Tsuji I, Satoh H, Hisamichi S, Imai Y. (2002). Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: the Ohasama study. J. Hypertens. 20:2183–2189.
  • Okumura K, Ohya Y, Maehara A, Wakugami K, Iseki K, Takishita S. (2005). Effects of blood pressure levels on case fatality after acute stroke. J. Hypertens. 23:1217–1223.
  • Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH. (2010). Perspectives on the chronotherapy of hypertension based on the results of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol. Int. 27:1652–1667.
  • Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol. Int. 27:1911–1929.
  • Portaluppi F, Tiseo R, Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fabbian F. (2012). Circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. Sleep Med. Rev. 16:151–166.
  • Salles GF, Cardoso CR, Muxfeldt ES. (2008). Prognostic influence of office and ambulatory blood pressures in resistant hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. 168:2340–2346.
  • Smith DH, Neutel JM, Lacourciere Y, Kempthorne-Rawson J. (2003). Prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) designed trials yield the same results as double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with respect to ABPM measurements. J. Hypertens. 21:1291–1298.
  • Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Tiseo R, Portaluppi F. (2010). Administration-time-dependent effect of blood pressure-lowering medications: basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Blood Press. Monit. 15:173–180.
  • Smolensky MH, Siegel RA, Haus E, Hermida R, Portaluppi F. (2012). Biological rhythms, drug delivery, and chronotherapeutics. In Siepmann J, Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ (Eds.). Fundamentals and applications of controlled release drug delivery. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag, 359–443.
  • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Celis H, Arabidze GG, Birkenhager WH, Bulpitt CJ, de Leeuw PW, Dollery CT, Fletcher AE, Forette F, Leonetti G, Nachev C, ÓBrien ET, Rosenfeld J, Rodicio JL, Tuomilehto J, Zanchetti A. (1997). Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 350:757–764.
  • Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P, Yusuf S, Östergren J. (2001). Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures. A HOPE substudy. Hypertension 38:e28–e32.
  • Voko Z, Bots ML, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Witteman JCM, Breteler MMB. (1999). J-shaped relation between blood pressure and stroke in treated hypertensives. Hypertension 34:1181–1185.
  • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. (2000). Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 342:145–153.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.