References
- Moore R Y, Lenn N J. A retinohypothalamic projection in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1972; 146: 1–14
- Stephan F K, Zucker I. Circadian rhythms in drinking behavior and locomotor activity of rats are eliminated by hypothalamic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1972; 69: 1583–86
- Hoffman R A, Reiter R J. Responses of some endocrine organs of female hamsters to pinealectomy and light. Life Sci 1966; 5: 1147–51
- Tamarkin L, Westrom W K, Hamill A I, Goldman B D. Effects of melatonin on the reproductive systems of male and female Syrian hamsters: a diurnal rhythm in sensitivity to melatonin. Endocrinol 1976; 99: 1534–41
- Turek F W, McMillan J P, Menaker M. Melatonin: effects on the circadian locomotor rhythms of sparrows. Science 1976; 194: 1441–13
- Gwinner E, Benzinger I. Synchronization of a circadian rhythm in pinealectomized European starlings by injections of melatonin. J Comp Physiol 1978; 127: 209–13
- DeCoursey P J. Daily light sensitivity rhythm in a rodent. Science 1960; 131: 33–35
- Daan S, Pittendrigh C S. A functional analysis of circadian pacemakers in nocturnal rodents. II. The variability of phase response curves. J Comp Physiol 1976; 106: 253–66
- Redman J, Armstrong S, Ng K T. Free-running activity rhythms in the rat: entrain-ment by melatonin. Science 1983; 219: 1089–91
- Armstrong S M. Melatonin: the internal zeitgeber of mammals. Pineal research reviews, R J Reiter. Alan R. Liss, New York 1989; 157–202
- Sack R L, Lewy A J. Melatonin administration phase advances endogenous rhythms in humans. Sleep Res 1988; 17: 396
- Arendt J, Bojkowski C, Folkard S, Franey C, Marks V, Minors D, Waterhouse J, Wever R A, Wildgruber C, Wright J. Some effects of melatonin and the control of its secretion in humans. Photoperiodism, melatonin and the pineal, D Evered, S Clark. Pitman, London 1985; 266–83
- Mallo C, Zaidan R, Faure A, Brun J, Chazot G, Claustrat B. Effects of a four-day nocturnal melatonin treatment on the 24 h plasma melatonin, Cortisol and prolactin profiles in humans. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988; 119: 474–80
- Reppert S M, Weaver D R, Rivkees S A, Stopa E G. Putative melatonin receptors are located in a human biological clock. Science 1988; 242: 78–81
- Lewy A J, Ahmed S, Jackson J ML, Sack R L. Melatonin shifts circadian rhythms according to a phase-response curve. Chronobiol Internal 1992; 9: 380–92
- Zaidan R, Geoffriau M, Brun J, Taillard J, Bureau C, Chazot G, Claustrat B. Melatonin is able to influence its secretion in humans: description of a phase-response curve. Neuroendocrinology 1994; 60: 105–12
- Lewy A J, Sack R L. The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) as a marker for circadian phase position. Chronobiol Internat 1989; 6: 93–102
- Underwood H. Circadian rhythms in lizards: phase response curve for melatonin. J Pineal Res 1986; 3: 187–96
- Lewy A J, Markey S P. Analysis of melatonin in human plasma by gas chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Science 1978; 201: 741–43
- Lewy A J, Sack R L. Exogenous melatonin's phase shifting effects on the endogenous melatonin profile in sighted humans: a brief review and critique of the literature. J Biol Rhythms 1997; 12: 595–603
- Kennaway D J, Firth R G, Philipous G, Matthews C D, Seamark R F. A specific radioimmunoassay for melatonin in biological tissue and fluids and its validation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Endocrinology 1977; 101: 119–27
- Czeisler C A, Kronauer R E, Allan J S, Duffy J F, Jewett M E, Brown E N, Ronda J M. Bright light induction of strong (type O) resetting of the human circadian pacemaker. Science 1989; 244: 1328–33
- Johnson C H. An atlas of phase response curves for circadian and circatidal rhythms. Vanderbilt University, Department of Biology, Nashville, TN 1990
- Boulos Z, Rusak B. Circadian phase response curves for dark pulses in the hamster. J Comp Physiol [A] 1982; 146: 411–17
- Honma K, Honma S. A human phase response curve for bright light pulses. Jap J Psychiatry 1988; 42: 167–68
- Wever R A. Light effects on human circadian rhythms. A review of recent Andechs experiments. J Biol Rhythms 1989; 4: 161–86
- Minors D S, Waterhouse J M, Wirz-Justice A. A human phase-response curve to light. Neurosci Lett 1991; 133: 36–40
- Lewy A J. Biochemistry and regulation of mammalian melatonin production. The pineal gland, R M Relkin. Elsevier North-Holland, New York 1983; 77–128
- Daan S, Lewy A J. Scheduled exposure to daylight: a potential strategy to reduce “jet lag” following transmeridian flight. Psychopharmacol Bull 1984; 20: 566–68
- Lewy A J, Wehr T A, Goodwin F K, Newsome D A, Markey S R. Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans. Science 1980; 210: 1267–69
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Latham J M. Melatonin and the acute suppressant effect of light may help regulate circadian rhythms in humans. Advances in pineal research, J Arendt, P Pevet. John Libbey, London 1991; 285–93
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Miller S, Hoban T M. Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light. Science 1987; 235: 352–54
- McArthur A J, Gillette M U, Prosser R A. Melatonin directly resets the rat suprachi-asmatic circadian clock in vitro. Brain Res 1991; 565: 158–61
- Lewy A J, Sack R L. The role of melatonin and light in the human circadian system. Progress in brain research Vol. Ill, hypothalamic integration of circadian rhythms, R M Buijs, A Kalsbeek, H J Romijn, C MA Pennartz, M Mirmiran. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1996; 205–16
- Illnerova H. Circadian rhythms in the mammalian pineal gland. Academia, Prague 1986
- Illnerova H, Vanecek J. Effect of light on the N-acetyltransferase rhythm in the rat pineal gland. Advances in pineal research, R Reiter, M Karasek. John Libbey, London 1986; 69–76
- Illnerová H, Vanêcek J. Complex control of the circadian rhythm in JV-acetyltrans-ferase activity in the rat pineal gland. Vertebrate circadian systems: structure and physiology, J Aschoff, S Daan, G Groos. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1982; 285–96
- Humlová M, Illnerová H. Melatonin entrains the circadian rhythm in the rat pineal. N-acetyltransferase activity. Neuroendocrinology 1990; 52: 196–99
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Singer C M. Melatonin, light and chronobiological disorders. Photoperiodism, melatonin and the pineal, D Evered, S Clark. Pitman, London 1985; 231–52
- Deacon S, Arendt J. Melatonin-induced temperature suppression and its acute phase-shifting effects correlate in a dose-dependent manner in humans. Brain Res 1995; 688: 77–85
- Cassone V M. Effects of melatonin on vertebrate circadian systems. Trends Neurosci 1990; 13: 457–64
- Kräuchi K, Cajochen C, Danilenko K V, Wirz-Justice A. Melatonin and bright light interactions on circadian phase of core body temperature and subjective sleepiness. Sleep Res 1997; 26: 78
- Kräuchi K, Cajochen C, Danilenko K V, Wirz-Justice A. The hypothermic effect of late evening melatonin does not block the phase delay induced by concurrent bright light. Soc Light Treatment Biol Rhythms Abst 1997; 9: 12
- Hätönen T, Alila A, Laakso M L. Exogenous melatonin fails to counteract the light-induced phase delay of human melatonin rhythm. Brain Res 1996; 710: 125–30
- Lewy A J, Cutler N L, Sack R L. The use of light and melatonin in the treatment of circadian phase disorders. Biological clocks: mechanisms and physiopathology, Y Touitou. Elsevier, Amsterdam, in press
- Trinder J, Armstrong S M, O'Brien C, Luke D, Martin M J. Inhibition of the onset of melatonin secretion by low levels of illumination. Sleep Res 1996; 25: 575
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Singer C M, Ahmed S. Melatonin and evolution. Evolution of circadian clock, T Hiroshige, K Honma. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo 1994; 291–306
- Sack R L, Blood M L, Lewy A J. Melatonin administration promotes circadian adaptation to night-shift work. Sleep Res 1994; 23: 509
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Blood M L, Bauer V K, Cutler N L, Thomas K H. Melatonin marks circadian phase position and resets the endogenous circadian pacemaker in humans. Circadian clocks and their adjustment, D J Chadwick, K Ackrill. John Wiley, New York 1994; 303–21
- Lewy A J, Sack R L, Fredrickson R H, Reaves M, Denney D, Zielske D R. The use of bright light in the treatment of chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders: the phase-response curve. Psychopharmacol Bull 1983; 19: 523–25
- Lewy A J, Sack R L. Phase typing and bright light therapy of chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders. Chronobiology and psychiatric disorders, A Halaris. Elsevier, New York 1987; 181–206
- Regestein Q R, Monk T H. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: a review of its clinical aspects. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 602–08
- Desir D, Van Cauter E, Fang V S, Martino E, Jadot C, Spire J P, Noel P, Refetoff S, Copinschi G, Golstein J. Effects of “jet lag” on hormonal patterns. I. Procedures, variations in total plasma proteins, and disruption of adrenocorticotropin-cortisol periodicity. J Clin Endocr Metab 1981; 52: 628–41
- Monk T H. Shift work. Principles and practice of sleep medicine, M H Kryger, T Roth, W C Dement. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1989; 333–37
- Lewy A J, Newsome D A. Different types of melatonin circadian secretory rhythms in some blind subjects. J Clin Endocr Metab 1983; 56: 1103–7
- Sack R L, Lewy A J, Blood M L, Keith L D, Nakagawa H. Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance. J Clin Endocr Metab 1992; 75: 127–34
- Sack R L, Stevenson J, Lewy A J. Entrainment of a previously free-running blind human with melatonin administration. Sleep Res 1990; 19: 404
- Lewy A J, Bauer V K, Cutler N L, Sack R L. Melatonin treatment of winter depression (WD): a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 1998; 77: 57–61