References
- Konttinen Y T., Nordström D C., Bergroth V, Lelrisalo‐Repo M, Santavirta S. Occurrence of different ensuing triggering infections preceding reactive arthritis. A follow up study. BMJ 1988; 296: 1644–5
- Lahesmaa‐Rantala R, Grantors K, Isomäki H, Toivanen A. Yersinia‐specific immune complexes in the synovial fluid of patients with Yersinia‐triggered reactive arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46: 510–14
- Toivanen A, Lahesmaa‐Rantala R, Ståhlberg T H., Merilahti‐Palo R, Grantors K. Do bacterial antigens persist in reactive arthritis?. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1987; 5(Suppl. 1)25–7
- Keat A, Thomas B, Dixey J, Osborn M, Sonnex C, Taylor‐Robinson D. Chlamydia trachomatis and reactive arthritis: the missing link. Lancet 1987; 1: 72–4
- Schumacher H R., Jr, Magge S, Cherian P V., et al. Light and electron microscopic studies on the synovial membrane in Reiter's syndrome. Immunocytochemical identification of chlamydial antigen in patients with early disease. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 937–46
- Grantors K, Jalkanen S, von Essen R, et al. Yersinia antigens in synovial‐fluid cells from patients with reactive arthritis. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 216–21
- Grantors K, Jalkanen S, Lindberg A A., et al. Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in synovial cells from patients with reactive arthritis. Lancet 1990; 335: 685–8
- Hammer M, Zeidler H, Klimsa S, Heesemann J. Yersinia enterocolitica in the synovial membrane of patients with Yersinia‐induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 1793–800
- Merilahti‐Palo R, Söderström K ‐O, Lahesmaa‐Rantala R, Grantors K, Toivanen A. Bacterial antigens in synovial biopsy specimens in Yersinia triggered reactive arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 87–90
- Viitanen A M., Arstila T P., Lahesmaa R, Grantors K, Skurnik M, Toivanen P. Application of the polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence techniques to the detection of bacteria in Yersinia‐triggered reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 89–96
- Grantors K, Jalkanen S, Toivanen P, Koski J, Lindberg A A. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide in synovial fluid cells in Shigella triggered reactive arthritis (letter). J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 500
- Nikkari S, Merilahti‐Palo R, Saario R, et al. Yersinia‐triggered reactive arthritis: use of polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining in the detection of bacterial components from synovial specimens. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 682–7
- Merilahti‐Palo R, Pelliniemi L J., Grantors K, et al. Electron microscopy and immunolabeling of Yersinia antigens in human synovial fluid cells. Clin Exp Rheumatol
- Toivanen A, Grantors K, Lahesmaa‐Rantala R, Leino R, Ståhlberg T, Vuento R. Pathogeneis of Yersinia‐triggered reactive arthritis: immunological, microbiological and clinical aspects. Immunol Rev 1985; 86: 47–70
- Toivanen A, Toivanen P. Is rheumatoid arthritis an infectious disease?. Rheumatology Update, E Asensi, Ó P. Barcel. Ediciones Mayo, S.A., Barcelona 1994, in press
- Toivanen A, Merilahti‐Palo R, Gripenberg C, Lahesmaa‐Rantala R, Söderström K O., Jaakkola U M. Yersinia‐associated arthritis in the rat: experimental model for human reactive arthritis?. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand(C) 1986; 94: 261–9
- Toivanen P, Merilahti‐Palo R, Gripenberg C, Söderström K ‐O, Jaakkola U ‐M. Experimental Yersinia‐associated arthritis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Br J Rheumatol 1988; 27(Suppl. II)52–4
- Merilahti‐Palo R, Gripenberg‐Lerche C, Söderström K O., Toivanen P. Long‐term follow up of SHR rats with experimental Yersinia‐associated arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 91–6
- Gripenberg‐Lerche C, Toivanen P. Yersinia‐associated arthritis in SHR rats: effect of the microbial status of the host. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52: 223–8
- Toivanen P, Toivanen A, Olkkonen L, Aantaa S. Hospital outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Lancet 1973; 1: 801–3
- Lauhio A, Leirisalo‐Repo M, Lähdevirta J, Saikku P, Repo H. Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of three‐month treatment with lymecycline in reactive arthritis, with special reference to Chlamydia arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 6–14
- Toivanen A, Yli‐Kerttula T, Luukkainen R, Merilahti‐Palo R, Grantors K, Seppälä J. Effect of antimicrobial treatment on chronic reactive arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993; 11: 301–7
- Leirisalo‐Repo M. Are antibiotics of any use in reactive arthritis?. APMIS 1993; 101: 575–81
- Kortekangas P, Aro H T., Tuominen J, Toivanen A. Synovial fluid leukocytosis in bacterial arthritis vs. reactive arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the adult knee. Scand J Rheumatol 1992; 21: 283–8
- Taylor‐Robinson D, Gilroy C B., Thomas B J., Keat A C. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in joints of reactive arthritis patients by polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 1992; 340: 81–2
- Rahman M U., Cheema M A., Schumacher H R., Hudson A P. Molecular evidence for the presence of Chlamydia in the synovium of patients with Reiter's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 521–9
- Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Molecular basis of cell migration into normal, and inflamed gut. Immunology of gastrointestinal disease, T T. MacDonald. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1992; Vol. 19: 151–71
- Serverijnen A J., van Kleef R, Grandia A A., van der Kwast T H., Hazenberg M P. Histology of joint inflammation induced in rats by cell wall fragments of the anaerobic intestinal bacterium Eubactehum aerofaciens. Rheumatol Int 1991; 11: 203–8
- Severljnen A J., Kool J, Swaak A J., Hazenberg M P. Intestinal flora of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: induction of chronic arthritis in rats by cell wall fragments from isolated Eubactehum aerofaciens strains. Br J Rheumatol 1990; 29: 433–9
- Kool J, Klasen I S., Severijnen A J., Ruseler van Embden J GH, Hazenberg M P. Peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes of human anaerobic intestinal flora and arthritis. Microecol Ther 1990; 20: 287–9
- Kool J, Ruseler van Embden J G., van Lieshout L M., et al. Induction of arthritis in rats by soluble peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide complexes produced by human intestinal flora. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 1611–6
- Severijnen A J., van Kleef R, Hazenberg M P., van de Merwe J P. Cell wall fragments from major residents of the human intestinal flora induce chronic arthritis in rats. J Rheumatol 1989; 16: 1061–8
- Severijnen A J., van Kleef R, Hazenberg M P., van de Merwe J P. Chronic arthritis induced in rats by cell wall fragments of Eubacterium species from the human intestinal flora. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 523–8
- Lehtonen L, Kortekangas P, Oksman P, Eerola E, Aro H, Toivanen A. Septic vs. reactive arthritis: mass spectrometric analysis of muramic acid in synovial fluid. Clin Rheumatol 1992; 11: 160, (abstract)
- Peltonen R, Kjeldsen‐Kragh J, Haugen M, et al. Faecal flora in rheumatoid arthritis during fasting and one‐year vegetarian diet. Rev Esp Reumatol 1993; 20(Suppl 1)476, (abstract)