Total Mesorectal Excision – The New Golden Standard of Surgery for Rectal Cancer

References

• Enker WE, Laffer UT, Block GE. Enhanced survival of patients with colon and rectal cancer is based upon wide anatomic resection. Ann Surg 1979; 190: 350–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heald RJ. A new approach to rectal cancer. Br J Hosp Med1979; 22: 277–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enker WE, Thaler HT, Cranor ML, Polyak T. Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of rectal cancer. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 181: 335–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enker WE. Sphincter-preserving operations for rectal cancer. Oncology1996; 10: 1673–89.
   Google Scholar
• Church JM, Raudkivi PJ, Hill GL. The surgical anatomy of the rectum - a review with particular relevance to the hazards of rectal mobilization. Int J Colorect Dis 1987; 2: 158–66.
   Google Scholar
• Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, et al. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet 1986; 1: 996–9.
   Google Scholar
• Adam IJ, McHamdee MO, Martin IG, et al. Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Lancet 1994; 344: 707–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng IOL, Luk IS, Yuen ST. Surgical lateral clearance margins in resected rectal carcinomas: a multivariate analysis of clinicopathologlc features. Cancer 1993; 71: 1972–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds JV, Joyce WP, Dolan J, Sheahan K, Hyland JM. Pathological evidence In support of total mesorectal excision In the management of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 1112–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havenga K, Enker WE, McDermott K, Cohen AM, Minsky BD, Guillem J. Male and female sexual and urinary function after total mesorectal excision with autonomic nerve preservation for carcinoma of the rectum. J Am Coll Surg 1996; 182: 495–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFarlane J, Ryall RDH, Heald RJ. Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1993; 341: 457–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enker WE. Potency, cure, and local control in the operative treatment of rectal cancer. Arch Surg992; 127: 1396-402.
   Google Scholar
• Krook JE, Moertel CG, Gunderson LL, et al. Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med1991 ; 324: 709–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gastro-intestinal Tumor Study Group. Prolongation of the disease-free interval in surgically treated rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med1985; 312: 1465–72.
   Google Scholar
• Paty PB, Enker WE, Cohen AM, Lauwers GY. Treatment of rectal cancer by low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis. Ann Surg1994; 219: 365–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enker WE. Total mesorectal excision with sphincter and autonomic-nerve preservation in the treatment of rectal cancer. Curr Tech Gen Surg1996; 5: 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Havenga K, DeRuiter MC, Enker WE, Welvaart K. Anatomical basis of autonomic nerve-preserving total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg1996; 83: 384–8.
   Google Scholar
• Beart RW, Steele GD, Menck HR, Chmiel JS, Ocwieja KE, Winchester DP. Management and survival of patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: a national survey of the Commission on Cancer. J Am Coll Surg1995; 181:225–36.
   Google Scholar
• Tartter PI. The association of blood transfusion with colorectal cancer recurrence. Ann Surg1992; 216: 633–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugihara K, Moriya Y, Akasu T, Fujita S. Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation for rectal cancer: oncological and functional outcome. Cancer1996; 78: 1871–80.
   Google Scholar
• Minsky BD. Preoperative combined modality treatment for rectal cancer. Oncology1994; 8: 53–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Local recurrence rates in a randomized multicentre trial of preoperative radiotherapy compared with operation alone in resectable rectal carci-noma. Eur J Surg 1996; 162: 397–402.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stockholm Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Randomized study on preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 1996; 3: 423–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolmark N, Fisher B. An analysis of survival and treat-ment failure following abdominoperineal resection and sphincter preserving resection in Dukes' B and C rectal carcinoma. A report of the NSABP clinical trials. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 480–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) with or without Pre-operative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Primaty Rectal Cancer. A multicenter phase Ill study. The Netherlands: The University of Leiden, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Norstein J, Bergan A, Langmark F. Risk factors for local recurrence after radical surgery for rectal carcinoma: a prospective multicentre study. Br J Surg 1993; 80 (Suppl): 22.
   Google Scholar
• Quirke R The pathologists role in the evaluation of local recurrence in rectal cancer. Surgical Workshop and Prosection Course, Royal College of Surgeons of London, London, UK, 25 April, 1995.
   Google Scholar