Prevalence of resistant hypertension in 1810 patients followed up in a specialized outpatient clinic and its association with the metabolic syndrome

References

• Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. American Heart Association Professional Education Committee. Resistant hypertension: Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation. 2008;117:e510–e526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierdomenico SD, Lapenna D, Bucci A, Di Tommaso R, Di Mascio R, Manente BM, et al. Cardiovascular outcome in treated hypertensive patients with responder, masked, false resistant, and true resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:1422–1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persell SD. Prevalence of resistant hypertension in the United States, 2003–2008. Hypertension. 2011;57:1076–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Sierra A, Segura J, Banegas JR, Gorostidi M, de la Cruz JJ, Armario P, et al. Clinical features of 8295 patients with resistant hypertension classified on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2011;57: 898–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, et al. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2002;4:393–404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta AK, Nasothimiou EG, Chang CL, Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR. ASCOT investigators. Baseline predictors of resistant hypertension in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT): A risk score to identify those at high-risk. J Hypertens. 2011;29:2004–2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Resistant hypertension: An overview of evaluation and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52: 1749–1757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagard RH. Resistant hypertension. Heart. 2012;98: 254–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg JP, Elliott WJ, Folker A, Izhar M, Black HR. RUSH University Hypertension Service. Resistant hypertension revisited: A comparison of two university-based cohorts. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:619–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al. Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension; European Society of Cardiology. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2007;25:1105–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112:2735–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:629–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2444–2449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Tziomalos K, Papageorgiou AA, Anagnostis P, Griva T, et al. Comparison of four definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a Greek (Mediterranean) population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26:713–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Joseph L, Pilote L, Poirier P, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56: 1113–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Hatzitolios AI, Paletas K, Savopoulos C, Giannoglou G, et al. SAGE-METS collaborative group. Standardized arrangement for a guideline-driven treatment of the metabolic syndrome: The SAGE-METS study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25:971–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, Lindstrom RC, Steig AJ, Stob NR, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:777–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Muntner P, Hamm LL, Jones DW, Batuman V, Fonseca V, et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tziomalos K, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome: Prevalence, pathogenesis and management. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20:140–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzitolios A, Iliadis F, Katsiki N, Baltatzi M. Is the anti-hypertensive effect of dietary supplements via aldehydes reduction evidence based?A systematic review. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2008;30:628–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltatzi M, Hatzitolios A, Tziomalos K, Iliadis F, Zamboulis Ch. Neuropeptide Y and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: Interaction in obesity and possible role in the development of hypertension. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62:1432–1440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltatzi M, Katsiki N, Savopoulos C, Iliadis F, Koliakos G, Hatzitolios AI. Plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) levels in patients with or without hypertension and/or obesity: A pilot study. Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;1:48–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karagiannis A, Hatzitolios AI, Athyros VG, Deligianni K, Charalambous C, Papathanakis C, et al. Implementation of guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The IMPULSION study. Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2009;3: 26–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar