Effect of azilsartan versus candesartan on nocturnal blood pressure variation in Japanese patients with essential hypertension

References

• Muller JE, Tofler GH, Stone PH. Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1989;79:733–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K. Time for focus on morning hypertension: Pitfall of current antihypertensive medication. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:149–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O’Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA. 1999;282:539–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, Asayama K, Obara T, Hashimoto J, et al. Prognostic significance for stroke of a morning pressor surge and a nocturnal blood pressure decline: The Ohasama study. Hypertension. 2006;47:149–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, Metoki H, Obara T, Saito S, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: The Ohasama study. Hypertension. 2005;45:240–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshide S, Kario K, Hoshide Y, Umeda Y, Hashimoto T, Kunii O, et al. Associations between nondipping of nocturnal blood pressure decrease and cardiovascular target organ damage in strictly selected community-dwelling normotensives. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16:434–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkubo T, Imai Y, Tsuji I, Nagai K, Watanabe N, Minami N, et al. Relation between nocturnal decline in blood pressure and mortality. The Ohasama Study. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:1201–1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Matsuno T, Kobayashi H, Imiya M, Matsuo M, Shimada K. Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients. Advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers. Hypertension.1996;27:130–135.
   Google Scholar
• Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, Hoshide S, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension 2001; 38:852–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, et al. Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: The Ohasama study. J Hypertens. 2002; 20:2183–2189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojima M, Igata H, Tanaka M, Sakamoto H, Kuroita T, Kohara Y, et al. In vitro antagonistic properties of a new angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, azilsartan, in receptor binding and function studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;336:801–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakugi H, Enya K, Sugiura K, Ikeda Y. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of azilsartan with that of candesartan cilexetil in Japanese patients with grade I–II essential hypertension: A randomized, double-blind clinical study. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:552–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernandez JR, Calvo C. Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of telmisartan in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;50:715–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C. Optimal timing for antihypertensive dosing: Focus on valsartan. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007;3:119–131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Portaluppi F. Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of olmesartan in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Chronobiol Int. 2007;24:171–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzu T, Kimura G. Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1999;100:1635–1638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherwood A, Steffen PR, Blumenthal JA, Kuhn C, Hinderliter AL. Night-time blood pressure dipping: The role of the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Hypertens. 2002; 15:111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell’Oro R, Bombelli M, Cuspidi C, et al. Adrenergic, metabolic, and reflex abnormalities in reverse and extreme dipper hypertensives. Hypertension. 2008;52:925–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG. Changes of nocturnal blood pressure dipping status in hypertensives by night-time dosing of α-adrenergic blocker, doxazosin: Results from the HALT study. Hypertension. 2000;35:787–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anan F, Takahashi N, Ooie T, Yufu K, Saikawa T, Yoshimatsu H. Role of insulin resistance in nondipper essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2003;26: 669–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Della Mea P, Lupia M, Bandolin V, Guzzon S, Sonino N, Vettor R, et al. Adiponectin, insulin resistance, and left ventricular structure in dipper and nondipper essential hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:30–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltamai L, Maillard M, Simon A, Vogt B, Burnier M. Comparative vascular and renal tubular effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers combined with a thiazide diuretic in humans. J Hypertens. 2010;28:520–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda M, Yamanaka T, Mizuno M, Motokawa M, Shirasawa Y, Miyagi S, et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, restores nocturnal blood pressure decline by enhancing daytime natriuresis. J Hypertens. 2008;26: 583–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda M, Wakamatsu-Yamanaka T, Mizuno M, Miura T, Tomonari T, Kato Y, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers shift the circadian rhythm of blood pressure by suppressing tubular sodium reabsorption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011;301:F953–F957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumagai H, Oshima N, Matsuura T, Iigaya K, Imai M, Onimaru H, et al. Importance of rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in determining efferent sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:132–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anan F, Masaki T, Fukunaga N, Teshima Y, Iwao T, Kaneda K, et al. Pioglitazone shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from non-dipper to dipper type in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007;37:709–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwai M, Chen R, Imura Y, Horiuchi M. TAK–536, a new AT1 receptor blocker, improves glucose intolerance and adipocyte differentiation. Am J Hypertens. 2007; 20:579–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki Y, Okutani M, Donfeng Y, Iwasaki H, Takusagawa M, Kohno I, et al. Limited reproducibility of circadian variation in blood pressure dippers and nondippers. Am J Hypertens. 1998,11:403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH. Perspectives on the chronotherapy of hypertension based on the results of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol Int. 2010;27:1652–1667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar