Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) MicroRNAs: Involvement in Cancer Pathogenesis and Immunopathology

REFERENCES

• Klein G, Klein E, Kashuba E. Interaction of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) with human B-lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;396(1):67–73. Epub 2010 /05/25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.146. PubMed PMID: 20494113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolcetti R, Carbone A. Epstein–Barr virus infection and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a possible progression factor? Infect Agents Cancer. 2010;5:22–26. Epub 2010 /11/26. doi: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-22. PubMed PMID: 21092169; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2998466.
   Google Scholar
• Uchida E, Honma R, Igarashi A, Sequential monitoring of plasma EBV-DNA level in a patient with EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2012;53(1):87–91. Epub 2012 /03/01. PubMed PMID: 22374530.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottwein E, Cullen BR. Viral and cellular microRNAs as determinants of viral pathogenesis and immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;3(6):375–387. Epub 2008 /06/11. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.002. PubMed PMID: 18541214; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3079432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen BR. Viruses and microRNAs: RISCy interactions with serious consequences. Genes Dev. 2011;25(18):1881–1894. Epub 2011 /09/08. doi: 10.1101/gad.17352611. PubMed PMID: 21896651; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3185961.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalla M, Hammerschmidt W. Human B cells on their route to latent infection –early but transient expression of lytic genes of Epstein–Barr virus. Eur J Cell Biol. 2012;91(1):65–69. Epub 2011 /04/01. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.01.014. PubMed PMID: 21450364.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gatto G, Rossi A, Rossi D, Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 trans-activates miR-155 transcription through the NF-kappaB pathway. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(20):6608–6619. Epub 2008 /10/23. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn666. PubMed PMID: 18940871; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2582607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey RE. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious mononucleosis. Am Fam Physician. 1994;49(4):879–888. Epub 1994 /03/01. PubMed PMID: 8116521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock GJ, Decker LL, Volk M, Thorley–Lawson DA. EBV persistence in memory B cells in vivo. Immunity. 1998;9(3):395–404. Epub 1998 /10/13. PubMed PMID: 9768759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden HD, Chang RS, Prescott W, Simpson E, Cooper TY. Leukocyte-transforming agent: prolonged excretion by patients with mononucleosis and excretion by normal individuals. J Infect Dis. 1973;127(4):471–473. Epub 1973 /04/01. PubMed PMID: 4348499.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laichalk LL, Thorley-Lawson DA. Terminal differentiation into plasma cells initiates the replicative cycle of Epstein–Barr virus in vivo. J Virol. 2005;79(2):1296–1307. Epub 2004 /12/23. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1296-1307.2005. PubMed PMID: 15613356; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC538585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Silva SR, de Oliveira DE. HIV, EBV and KSHV: viral cooperation in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Cancer Lett. 2011;305(2):175–185. Epub 2011 /03/16. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.007. PubMed PMID: 21402436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummel M, Thorley-Lawson D, Kieff E. An Epstein–Barr virus DNA fragment encodes messages for the two major envelope glycoproteins (gp350/300 and gp220/200). J Virol. 1984;49(2):413–417. Epub 1984 /02/01. PubMed PMID: 6319741; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC255481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rickinson AB, Kieff E. Epstein–Barr virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields Virology. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 2575–2627.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen JI. Epstein–Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(7):481–492. Epub 2000 /08/17. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200008173430707. PubMed PMID: 10944566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schelcher C, Valencia S, Delecluse HJ, Mutation of a single amino acid residue in the basic region of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle switch protein Zta (BZLF1) prevents reactivation of EBV from latency. J Virol. 2005;79(21):13822–13828. Epub 2005 /10/18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.21.13822-13828.2005. PubMed PMID: 16227304; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1262594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takada K, Horinouchi K, Ono Y, An Epstein–Barr virus-producer line Akata: establishment of the cell line and analysis of viral DNA. Virus Genes. 1991;5(2):147–156. Epub 1991 /04/01. PubMed PMID: 1647567.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takada K, Ono Y. Synchronous and sequential activation of latently infected Epstein–Barr virus genomes. J Virol. 1989;63(1):445–449. Epub 1989 /01/01. PubMed PMID: 2462063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC247705.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wen W, Iwakiri D, Yamamoto K, Epstein–Barr virus BZLF1 gene, a switch from latency to lytic infection, is expressed as an immediate-early gene after primary infection of B lymphocytes. J Virol. 2007;81(2):1037–1042. Epub 2006 /11/03. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01416-06. PubMed PMID: 17079287; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1797481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speck SH, Chatila T, Flemington E. Reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus: regulation and function of the BZLF1 gene. Trends Microbiol. 1997;5(10):399–405. Epub 1997 /11/14. doi: 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01129-3. PubMed PMID: 9351176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng WH, Westphal E, Mauser A, Use of adenovirus vectors expressing Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early protein BZLF1 or BRLF1 to treat EBV-positive tumors. J Virol. 2002;76(21):10951–10959. Epub 2002 /10/09. PubMed PMID: 12368338; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC136642.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al Tabaa Y, Tuaillon E, Bollore K, Functional Epstein–Barr virus reservoir in plasma cells derived from infected peripheral blood memory B cells. Blood. 2009;113(3):604–611. Epub 2008 /10/11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-136903. PubMed PMID: 18845794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorley-Lawson DA. EBV the prototypical human tumor virus –just how bad is it? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(2):251–261; quiz 62. Epub 2005 /08/09. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.05.038. PubMed PMID: 16083776.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson MP, Kurzrock R. Epstein–Barr virus and cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(3):803–821. Epub 2004 /02/12. PubMed PMID: 14871955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai X, Schafer A, Lu S, Epstein–Barr virus microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and differentially expressed. PLoS Pathog. 2006;2(3):e23. Epub 2006 /03/25. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020023. PubMed PMID: 16557291; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1409806.
   Google Scholar
• Grundhoff A, Sullivan CS, Ganem D. A combined computational and microarray-based approach identifies novel microRNAs encoded by human gamma-herpesviruses. RNA. 2006;12(5):733–750. Epub 2006 /03/17. doi: 10.1261/rna.2326106. PubMed PMID: 16540699; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1440911.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfeffer S, Zavolan M, Grasser FA, Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs. Science. 2004;304(5671):734–736. Epub 2004 /05/01. doi: 10.1126/science.1096781. PubMed PMID: 15118162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu JY, Pfuhl T, Motsch N, Identification of novel Epstein–Barr virus microRNA genes from nasopharyngeal carcinomas. J Virol. 2009;83(7):3333–3341. Epub 2009 /01/16. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01689-08. PubMed PMID: 19144710; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2655542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gourzones C, Gelin A, Bombik I, Extra-cellular release and blood diffusion of BART viral micro-RNAs produced by EBV-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Virol J. 2010;7:271. Epub 2010 /10/19. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-271. PubMed PMID: 20950422; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2974674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pegtel DM, Cosmopoulos K, Thorley-Lawson DA, Functional delivery of viral miRNAs via exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(14):6328–6333. Epub 2010 /03/23. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914843107. PubMed PMID: 20304794; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2851954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onnis A, Navari M, Antonicelli G, Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 induces expression of the cellular microRNA hsa-miR-127 and impairing B-cell differentiation in EBV-infected memory B cells. New insights into the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma. Blood Cancer J. 2012;2:e84. Epub 2012 /09/04. doi: 10.1038/bcj.2012.29. PubMed PMID: 22941339; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3432484.
   Google Scholar
• Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993;75(5):843–854. Epub 1993 /12/03. PubMed PMID: 8252621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wightman B, Ha I, Ruvkun G. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans. Cell. 1993;75(5):855–862. Epub 1993 /12/03. PubMed PMID: 8252622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinhart BJ, Slack FJ, Basson M, The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 2000;403(6772):901–906. Epub 2000 /03/08. doi: 10.1038/35002607. PubMed PMID: 10706289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquinelli AE, Reinhart BJ, Slack F, Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA. Nature. 2000;408(6808):86–89. Epub 2000 /11/18. doi: 10.1038/35040556. PubMed PMID: 11081512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell. 2009;136(2):215–233. Epub 2009 /01/27. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002. PubMed PMID: 19167326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarnieri DJ, DiLeone RJ. MicroRNAs: a new class of gene regulators. Ann Med. 2008;40(3):197–208. Epub 2008 /04/03. doi: 10.1080/07853890701771823. PubMed PMID: 18382885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito Y, Saito H. Role of CTCF in the regulation of microRNA expression. Front Genet. 2012;3:186–190. Epub 2012 /10/12. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00186. PubMed PMID: 23056006; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3457075.
   Google Scholar
• Paranjape T, Slack FJ, Weidhaas JB. MicroRNAs: tools for cancer diagnostics. Gut. 2009;58(11):1546–1554. Epub 2009 /10/17. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.179531. PubMed PMID: 19834118; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2802653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipowicz W, Bhattacharyya SN, Sonenberg N. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight? Nat Rev Genet. 2008;9(2):102–114. Epub 2008 /01/17. doi: 10.1038/nrg2290. PubMed PMID: 18197166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Shen XJ, Zou Q, Biological functions of microRNAs: a review. J Physiol Biochem. 2011;67(1):129–139. Epub 2010 /10/29. doi: 10.1007/s13105-010-0050-6. PubMed PMID: 20981514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004;116(2):281–297. Epub 2004 /01/28. PubMed PMID: 14744438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalfie M, Horvitz HR, Sulston JE. Mutations that lead to reiterations in the cell lineages of C. elegans. Cell. 1981;24(1):59–69. Epub 1981 /04/01. PubMed PMID: 7237544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambros V. A hierarchy of regulatory genes controls a larva-to-adult developmental switch in C. elegans. Cell. 1989;57(1):49–57. Epub 1989 /04/07. PubMed PMID: 2702689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen BR. Transcription and processing of human microRNA precursors. Mol Cell. 2004;16(6):861–865. Epub 2004 /12/22. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.002. PubMed PMID: 15610730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory RI, Chendrimada TP, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R. Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing. Cell. 2005;123(4):631–640. Epub 2005 /11/08. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.022. PubMed PMID: 16271387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006;125(5):887–901. Epub 2006 /06/06. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043. PubMed PMID: 16751099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Jeon K, Lee JT, MicroRNA maturation: stepwise processing and subcellular localization. EMBO J. 2002;21(17):4663–4670. Epub 2002 /08/29. PubMed PMID: 12198168; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC126204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund E, Guttinger S, Calado A, Nuclear export of microRNA precursors. Science. 2004;303(5654):95–98. Epub 2003 /11/25. doi: 10.1126/science.1090599. PubMed PMID: 14631048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivapragasam M, Rotondo F, Lloyd RV, MicroRNAs in the human pituitary. Endocr Pathol. 2011;22(3):134–143. Epub 2011 /06/08. doi: 10.1007/s12022-011-9167-6. PubMed PMID: 21647843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croce CM. Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10(10):704–714. Epub 2009 /09/19. doi: 10.1038/nrg2634. PubMed PMID: 19763153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth S, Meister G, Grasser FA. EBV-encoded miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1809(11–12):631–640. Epub 2011 /06/07. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.05.010. PubMed PMID: 21640213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skalsky RL, Cullen BR. Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene. PloS One. 2011;6(9):e24248. Epub 2011 /09/14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024248. PubMed PMID: 21912681; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3166303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing L, Kieff E. Epstein–Barr virus BHRF1 micro- and stable RNAs during latency III and after induction of replication. J Virol. 2007;81(18):9967–9975. Epub 2007 /07/13. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02244-06. PubMed PMID: 17626073; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2045418.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen SJ, Chen GH, Chen YH, Characterization of Epstein–Barr virus miRNAome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by deep sequencing. PloS One. 2010;5(9):e12745. Epub 2010 /09/24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012745. PubMed PMID: 20862214; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2942828.
   Google Scholar
• Feederle R, Linnstaedt SD, Bannert H, A viral microRNA cluster strongly potentiates the transforming properties of a human herpesvirus. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(2):e1001294. Epub 2011 /03/08. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001294. PubMed PMID: 21379335; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3040666.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lung RW, Tong JH, Sung YM, Modulation of LMP2A expression by a newly identified Epstein–Barr virus-encoded microRNA miR-BART22. Neoplasia. 2009;11(11):1174–1184. Epub 2009 /11/03. PubMed PMID: 19881953; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2767219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim doN, Lee SK. Biogenesis of Epstein–Barr virus microRNAs. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012;365(1–2):203–210. Epub 2012 /02/22. doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1261-7. PubMed PMID: 22350759.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choy EY, Siu KL, Kok KH, An Epstein–Barr virus-encoded microRNA targets PUMA to promote host cell survival. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2008;205(11):2551–2560. Epub 2008 /10/08. doi: 10.1084/jem.20072581. PubMed PMID: 18838543; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2571930.
   Google Scholar
• Marquitz AR, Mathur A, Nam CS, Raab-Traub N. The Epstein–Barr virus BART microRNAs target the pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Virology. 2011;412(2):392–400. Epub 2011 /02/22. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.028. PubMed PMID: 21333317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt ZL, Zhang J, Sugden B. The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncogene of Epstein–Barr virus can simultaneously induce and inhibit apoptosis in B cells. J Virol. 2012;86(8):4380–4393. Epub 2012 /02/10. doi: 10.1128/JVI.06966-11. PubMed PMID: 22318153; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3318665.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pratt ZL, Kuzembayeva M, Sengupta S, Sugden B. The microRNAs of Epstein–Barr Virus are expressed at dramatically differing levels among cell lines. Virology. 2009;386(2):387–397. Epub 2009 /02/17. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.006. PubMed PMID: 19217135; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2763627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan JY, Gao W, Ho WK, Overexpression of Epstein–Barr virus-encoded microRNA-BART7 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(8):3201–3210. Epub 2012 /07/31. PubMed PMID: 22843893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godshalk SE, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Slack FJ. Epstein–Barr virus-mediated dysregulation of human microRNA expression. Cell Cycle. 2008;7(22):3595–3600. Epub 2008 /11/13. PubMed PMID: 19001862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia T, O'Hara A, Araujo I, EBV microRNAs in primary lymphomas and targeting of CXCL-11 by ebv-mir-BHRF1-3. Cancer Res. 2008;68(5):1436–1442. Epub 2008 /03/05. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5126. PubMed PMID: 18316607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2855641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley KJ, Rabinowitz GS, Yario TA, EBV and human microRNAs co-target oncogenic and apoptotic viral and human genes during latency. EMBO J. 2012;31(9):2207–2221. Epub 2012 /04/05. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.63. PubMed PMID: 22473208; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3343464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar