The Chronobiology of Human Cytokine Production

References

• Miyawaki T., Taga K., Nagaoki T., Seki H., Suzuki Y., Taniguchi N. Orcadian changes of T lymphocyte subsets in human peripheral blood. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1984; 55: 618–622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indiveri F., Pierri I., Rogna S., Poggi A., Montaldo P., Romano R., Pende A., Morgano A., Barabino A., Ferrone S. Orcadian variations of autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions and endogenous Cortisol. J. Immunol. Meth. 1985; 82: 17–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melchart D., Martin P., Hallek M., Holzmann M., Jurcic X., Wagner H. Orcadian variation of the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and of various other parameters in 13 healthy male adults. Chronobiol. Internat. 1992; 9: 35–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auzeby A., Bogdan A., Krosi Z., Touitou Y. Time-dependence of urinary neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activity. Clin. Chem. 1988; 34: 1866–1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrovsky N., Harrison L. C. Cytokine-based human whole blood assay for the detection of antigen-reactive T cells. J. Immunol. Meth. 1995; 186: 37–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrovsky N., McNair P., Harrison L. C. Orcadian rhythmicity of interferon-gamma production in antigen-stimulated whole blood. Chronobiologia 1994; 21: 293–300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrovsky N., McNair P., Harrison L. C. Diurnal rhythms of pro-inflammatory cytokines: regulation by plasma Cortisol and therapeutic implications. Cytokine, in press
   Google Scholar
• Gudewill S., Pollmacher T., Vedder H., Schreiber W., Fassbender K., Holsboer F. Nocturnal plasma levels of cytokines in healthy men. Europ. Arch. Psych. Clin. Neurosci. 1992; 242: 53–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T. R., Coffman R. L. TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Rev. Immunol. 1989; 7: 145–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T. R., Moore K. W. The role of IL-10 in crossregulation of TH1 and TH2 responses. Immunol. Today 1991; 12: A49–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maggi E., Parronchi P., Manetti R., Simonelli C., Piccinni M. P., Rugiu F. S., DeCarli M., Ricci M., Romagnani S. Reciprocal regulatory effects of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on the in vitro development of human Th1 and Th2 clones. J. Immunol. 1992; 148: 2142–2147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manetti R., Gerosa F., Giudizi M. G., Biagiotti R., Parronchi P., Piccinni M. P., Sampognaro S., Maggi E., Romagnani S., Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12 induces stable priming for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production during differentiation of human T helper (Th) cells and transient IFN-gamma production in established Th2 cell clones. J. Exp. Med. 1994; 179: 1273–1283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seder R. A., Paul W. E., Davis M. M., Fazekas D. S., Groth B. The presence of interleukin 4 during in vitro priming determines the lymphokine-producing potential of CD4+ T cells from T cell receptor transgenic mice. J. Exp. Med. 1992; 176: 1091–1098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T. R. Properties and functions of interleukin-10. Adv. Immunol. 1994; 56: 1–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher A., Fiorentino D., Caspar P., Pearce E., Mosmann T. Production of IL-10 by CD4+ T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1 cytokine synthesis in helminth infection. J. Immunol. 1991; 147: 2713–2716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzinelli R. T., Bala S., Stevens R., Baseler M., Wahl L., Kovacs J., Sher A. HIV infection suppresses type 1 lymphokine and IL-12 responses to Toxoplasma gondii but fails to inhibit the synthesis of other parasite-induced monokines. J. Immunol. 1995; 155: 1565–1574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerici M., Shearer G. M. A TH1 TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunol. Today 1993; 14: 107–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romani L., Puccetti P., Mencacci A., Cenci E., Spaccapelo R., Tonnetti L., Grohmann U., Bistoni F. Neutralization of IL-10 up-regulates nitric oxide production and protects susceptible mice from challenge with Candida albicans. J. Immunol. 1994; 152: 3514–3521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva J. S., Morrissey P. J., Grabstein K. H., Mohler K. M., Anderson D., Reed S. G. Interleukin 10 and interferon gamma regulation of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J. Exp. Med. 1992; 175: 169–174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katsikis P. D., Cohen S. B., Londei M., Feldmann M. Are CD4+ Th1 cells pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory? The ratio of IL-10 to IFN-gamma or IL-2 determines their function. Internat. Immunol 1995; 7: 1287–1294
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrovsky N., Harrison L. C. Orcadian rhythmicity of human cytokine production: A dynamic dysequilibrium in TH1/TH2 balance?. J. Immunol. 1997; 158: 5163–5168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkness J. A., Richter M. B., Panayi G. S., Van de Pette K., Unger A., Pownall R., Geddawi M. Orcadian variation in disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed. 1982; 284: 551–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush R. K. Nocturnal asthma: mechanisms and the role of theophylline in treatment. Postgrad. Med. J. 1991; 67: S20–24
   Google Scholar
• Blalock J. E. A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Physiol. Rev. 1989; 69: 1–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus G. Orcadian rhythm in the excretion of urinary ketosteroids by young men. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 1943; 3: 195–199
   Google Scholar
• Kawate T., Abo T., Hinuma S., Kumagai K. Studies of the bioperiodicity of the immune response. II. Co-variations of murine T and B cells and a role of corticosteroid. J. Immunol. 1981; 126: 1364–1367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie A. W., Oswald I., Micklem H. S., Boyd J. E., Elton R. A., Jazwinska E., James K. Orcadian variation of lymphocyte subpopulations: a study with monoclonal antibodies. Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed. 1983; 286: 1773–1775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abo T., Kawate T., Itoh K., Kumagai K. Studies on the bioperiodicity of the immune response. I. Orcadian rhythms of human T, B, and K cell traffic in the peripheral blood. J. Immunol. 1981; 126: 1360–1363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso A., Munck A. Glucocorticoid inhibition of lymphokine secretion by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones. J. Immunol 1984; 133: 784–791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukaida N., Gussella G. L., Kasahara T., Ko Y., Zachariae C. O., Kawai T., Matsushima K. Molecular analysis of the inhibition of interleukin-8 production by dexamethasone in a human fibrosarcoma cell line. Immunol. 1992; 75: 674–679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray A., LaForge K. S., Sehgal P. B. On the mechanism for efficient repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by glucocorticoids: enhancer, TATA box, and RNA start site (Inr motif) occlusion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 10: 5736–5746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheinman R. I., Cogswell P. C., Lofquist A. K., Baldwin A. Jr. Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 1995; 270: 283–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homo-Delarche F., Dardenne M. The neuroendocrine-immune axis. Springer Sem. Immunopathol. 1993; 14: 221–238
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyatake A., Morimoto Y., Oishi T., Hanasaki N., Sugita Y., Iijima S., Teshima Y., Hishikawa Y., Yamamura Y. Circadian rhythm of serum testosterone and its relation to sleep: comparison with the variation in serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and Cortisol in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1980; 51: 1365–1371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrey K. M., McLachlan J. A., Serkin C. D., Bakouche O. Activation of human monocytes by the pineal hormone melatonin. J. Immunol. 1994; 153: 2671–2680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo L. L., Chen G. J., Lopez M. C., Watson R. R. Melatonin induced increase in gamma-interferon production by murine splenocytes. Immunol. Lett. 1992; 33: 123–126
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maestroni G. J., Conti A., Pierpaoli W. Role of the pineal gland in immunity. Orcadian synthesis and release of melatonin modulates the antibody response and antagonizes the immunosuppressive effect of corticosterone. J. Neuroimmunol. 1986; 13: 19–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daynes R. A., Araneo B. A. Natural regulators of T-cell lymphokine production in vivo. J. Immunother. 1992; 12: 174–179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rook G. A., Hernandez-Pando R., Lightman S. L. Hormones, peripherally activated prohormones and regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. Immunol. Today 1994; 15: 301–303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warwick-Davies J., Lowrie D. B., Cole P. J. Growth hormone is a human macrophage activating factor. Priming of human monocytes for enhanced release of H2O2. J. Immunol. 1995; 154: 1909–1918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comsa J., Leonhardt H., Schwarz J. A. Influence of the thymus-cortico-thropin-growth hormone interaction on the rejection of skin allografts in the rat. Annal. New York Acad. Sci. 1975; 249: 387–401
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagy E., Berczi I., Friesen H. G. Regulation of immunity in rats by lactogenic and growth hormones. Acta Endocrinol 1983; 102: 351–357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin R. J., Cicutto L. C., Smith H. R., Ballard R. D., Szefler S. J. Airways inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 1991; 143: 351–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chikanza I. C., Petrou P., Kingsley G., Chrousos G., Panayi G. S. Defective hypothalamic response to immune and inflammatory stimuli in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1992; 35: 1281–1288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinberg A., Ghata J., Sidi E. Nocturnal asthma attacks: their relationship to the circadian adrenal cycle. J. Allergy 1963; 34: 323
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirwan J. R. The effect of glucocorticoids on joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. The Arthritis and Rheumatism Council Low-dose Glucocorticoid Study Group. New Eng. J. Med. 1995; 333: 142–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols T., Nugent C., Tyler G. Circadian variations in suppression of adrenal function by glucocorticoids. J. Clin. Endocrinol 1965; 25: 343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothel J. S., Jones S. L., Corner L. A., Cox J. C., Wood P. R. The gamma-interferon assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle: conditions affecting the production of gamma-interferon in whole blood culture. Aust. Vet. J. 1992; 69: 1–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karttunen R., Ilonen J., Herva E. Interleukin 2 production in whole blood culture: a rapid test of immunity to Francisella tularensis. J. Clin. Microbiol 1985; 22: 318–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir R. E., Morgan A. R., Britton W. J., Butlin C. R., Dockrell H. M. Development of a whole blood assay to measure T cell responses to leprosy: a new tool for immuno-epidemiological field studies of leprosy immunity. J. Immunol. Meth. 1994; 176: 93–101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frankenburg S. A simplified microtechnique for measuring human lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with mitogen and specific antigen. J. Immunol Meth. 1988; 112: 177–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli A., Gatti G., Sartori M. L., Masera R. G. Chronobiological aspects of the neuroendocrine-immune network. Regulation of human natural killer (NK) cell activity as a model. Chronobiologia 1992; 19: 93–110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar