Nephroprotective Effect of Withania somnifera: A Dose-Dependent Study

REFERENCES

• Ali BH. Agents ameliorating or augmenting experimental GEN nephrotoxicity: Some recent research. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:1447–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edson RS, Terrell CL. The aminoglycosides. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1999;74:519–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew TH. Drug induced renal disease. Med J Aust. 1992;156:724–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetana S, Khalef S, Nitsan Z, . Enhanced urinary trypsin inhibitory activity in GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Clin Chim Acta. 1988;76:333–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Majed AA, Mostafa AM, Al-Rikabi AC, Al-Shabanah OA. Protective effects of oral arabic gum administration on GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res. 2002;46:445–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Dugo L, . A role for superoxide in GEN-mediated nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;16:67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Guidet BR, Shah SV. In vivo generation of hydrogen peroxide by rat kidney cortex and glomeruli. Am J Physiol. 1989;256:158–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CL, Du XH, Han YX. Renal cortical mitochondria are source of oxygen free radicals enhanced by GEN. Renal Failure. 1995;17:21–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parlakpinar H, Tasdemir S, Polat A, . Protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) on GEN-induced acute renal toxicity in rats. Toxicology. 2005;207: 169–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longoni B, Migliori M, Ferretti A, . Melatonin prevents cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in isolated and perfused rat kidney. Free Radic. Res. 2002;36:357–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piotrowski WJ, Pietras T, Kurmanowska Z, . Effect of paraquatintoxication and ambroxol treatment on hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation in selected organs of rat. J Appl Toxicol. 1996;16:501–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priuska EM, Schacht J. Formation of free radicals by GEN and iron and evidence for an iron/GEN complex. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995;50:1749–1752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiland, P, Szechcinski J. Proximal tubule damage in patients treated with GEN or amikacin. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003;55:631–637.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yanagida C, Ito K, Komiya I, Horie T. Protective effect of fosfomycin on gentamicin-induced lipid peroxidation of rat renal tissue. Chem Biol Interact. 2004;148:139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinwari MI, Khan MA. Indigenous use of medicinal trees and shrubs of Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad. Pak J Forest. 1998;48:63–90.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta GL, Rana AC. W.somnifera (Ashwagandha): A review. Pharmacognosy Rev. 2007;1(1):129–136.
   Google Scholar
• Ziauddin M, Phansalkar N, Patki P, Diwanay S, Patwardhan B. Studies on the immunomodulatory effects of Ashwagandha. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996;50:9–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya SK, Satyan KS, Chakrabarti A. Effect of Trasina, an Ayurvedic herbal formulation, on pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity inhyperglycaemic rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1997;35:297–299.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol.1998;50:1065–1068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai D, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G. Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng a comparative study. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003;93:458–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan R, Hammers HJ, Bargagna-Mohan P, . Withaferin A is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis. 2004;7: 115–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: An experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003; 75:547–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaprakasam B, Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Nair MG. Growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sci. 2003;74:125–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidu MU, Shifow AA, Kumar KV, Ratnakar KS. Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad M, Saleem S, Ahmad AS, . Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera on 6-hydroxydopamineinduced parkinsonism in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005;24: 137–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra, LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): A review. Alt. Med. Rev. 2000;5:334–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohanty I, Arya DS, Dinda A, Talwar KK, Joshi S, Gupta SK. Mechanisms of cardioprotective effect of Withania somnifera in experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;94:184–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankar SR, Manivasagam T, Krishnamurti A, Ramanathan M. The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in MPTP-intoxicated mice: An analysis of behavioral and biochemical variables. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2007;12:473–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Withania somnifera (monograph). Altern Med Rev. 2004;9: 211–213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozbek E, Turkoz Y, Shna E, Ozugulu F, Mizrak B, Ozbek M. Melatonin administration prevents the nephrotoxicity induced by GEN. British Journal of Urology. 2000;85:742–746.
   Google Scholar
• Pedraza-Chaverri J, Gonzalez-Orozco AE, Maldonado PD, Barrera D, Medina-Campos ON, Hernandez-Pando R. Diallyl disulfide ameliorates GEN-induced oxidative stress and nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;473:71–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado PD, Barrera D, Medina-Campos ON, Hernández-Pando R, Ibarra-Rubio ME, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Aged garlic extract attenuates GEN induced renal damage and oxidative stress. Life Sci. 2003;73:2543–2556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devipriya S, Shymaladevi CS. Protective effect of quercetin in cisplatin induced cell injury in the rat kidney. J Pharmacol. 1999;31:422.
   Google Scholar
• Prakash J, Gupta SK, Dinda AK. Withania somnifera root extract prevents DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinoma of skin in Swiss albino mice. Nutr Cancer. 2002;42:91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmavathi B, Rath PC, Rao AR, Singh RP. Roots of Withania somnifera inhibit fore stomach and skin carcinogenesis in mice. eCAM. 2005;2:99–105.
   Google Scholar
• Russo A, Izzo AA, Cardile V, Borrelli G, Vanella A. Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors. Phytomedicine. 2001;8:125–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaprakasam B, Nair MG. Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitory withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. Tetrahedron. 2002;59:841–849.
   Google Scholar
• Varley H, Gowenlock AH, Bell M. Practical clinical biochemistry. 4th ed. New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers;1998: 161–210.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeria RB, Kelly J, Alpert H, Pardo V, Vaamonde CA. Complete protection from GEN-induced acute renal failure in the diabetes mellitus rat. Kidney Int. 1982;21:600–612.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erdem A, Gundogan NU, Usubutun A, . The protective effect of taurine against GEN induced acute tubular necrosis in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:1175–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlalka GV, Patil CR, Patil MR. Protective effect of Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) on GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharamacol. 2007;39:201–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopple JD, Ding H, Letoha A, . l-Carnitine ameliorates GEN-induced renal injury in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:2122–2131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atessahin A, Yilmaz S, Karahan I, Ceribasi AO, Karaoglu A. Effects of lycopene against cisplatin-induce nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology. 2005;212:116–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali BH, Abdel Gayoum AA, Bashir AA. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rat: Some biochemical correlates. Pharmacol Toxicol.1992;70:419–423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martínez-Salgado C, Eleno N, Tavares P, . Involvement of reactive oxygen species on gentamicin induced mesangial cell activation. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1682–1692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivas-Cabañero L, Rodríguez-López AM, Martínez-Salgado C, Saura M, Lamas S, López-Novoa JM. Gentamicin treatment increases mesangial cell nitric oxide production. Exp Nephrol. 1997;5:23–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazzon E, Britti D, De Sarro A, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on GEN-mediated nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;424:75–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morale AI, Buitrago JM, Santiago JM, Fernandez-Tagarro M, Lopez-Novoa JM, Perez-Barriocanal F. Protective effect of transresveratrol on GEN-induced nephrotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002;4:893–898.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sener G, Sehirli AO, Altunbas HZ, . Melatonin protects against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J. Pineal Res. 2002;32:231–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harikrishnan B, Subramanian P, Subash S. Antihyperammonemic effect of Withania somnifera on ammonium chloride-induced Wistar rats. J Cell Tissue Res. 2008;8: 1417–1420.
   Google Scholar
• Davis L, Kuttan G. Effect of Withania somnifera on cyclophosamide-induced urotoxicity. Cancer Lett. 2000; 148:9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaurasia SS, Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera root extract in the regulation of lead-induced oxidative damage in male mouse. Pharmacol Res. 2000;41:663–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Dahanukar S, Karandikar SM. Effects of long-term administration of the roots of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) in rats. Indian Drugs. 1986;23:133–139.
   Google Scholar
• Poindexter BJ, Allison AW, Bick RJ, Dasgupta A. Ginseng: Cardiotonic in adult rat cardiomyocytes, cardiotoxic in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Life Sci. 2006;79:2337–2344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parihar MS, Hemnani T. Phenolic antioxidants attenuate hippocampal neuronal cell damage against kainic acid induced excitotoxicity. J Biosci. 2003;28:121–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK. Anti-oxidant effect of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides in chronic foot shock stress-induced perturbations of oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat frontal cortex and striatum. J Ethanopharmacol. 2001;74:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owais M, Sharad KS, Shehbaz A, Saleemuddin M. Antibacterial efficacy of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) an indigenous medicinal plant against experimental murine salmonellosis. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:229–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar