Long-term sustained autoimmune response to beta cell specific zinc transporter (ZnT8, W, R, Q) in young adult patients with preserved beta cell function at diagnosis of diabetes

References

• Wenzlau J. M., Liu Y., Yu L., . A common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the SLC30A8 gene determines ZnT8 autoantibody specificity in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2008; 57:2693–2697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brorsson C., Vaziri-Sani F., Bergholdt R., . Correlations between islet autoantibody specificity and the SLC30A8 genotype with HLA-DQB1 and metabolic control in new onset type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity. 2011; 44:107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzlau J. M., Juhl K., Yu L., . The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007; 104:17040–17045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaziri-Sani F., Oak S., Radtke J., . ZnT8 autoantibody titers in type 1 diabetes patients decline rapidly after clinical onset. Autoimmunity. 2010; 43:598–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallensteen M., Dahlquist G., Persson B., . Factors influencing the magnitude, duration, and rate of fall of B-cell function in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children followed for two years from their clinical diagnosis. Diabetologia. 1988; 31:664–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torn C., Landin-Olsson M., Lernmark A., . Combinations of beta cell specific autoantibodies at diagnosis of diabetes in young adults reflects different courses of beta cell damage. Autoimmunity. 2001; 33:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torn C., Landin-Olsson M., Lernmark A., . Prognostic factors for the course of beta cell function in autoimmune diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 2000; 85:4619–4623.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen R. A., Gilliam L. K., Torn C., . Multiple factors affect the loss of measurable C-peptide over 6 years in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects. J. Diabetes Complicat.. 2007; 21:205–213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen R., Gilliam L., Torn C., . Islet cell autoantibody levels after the diagnosis of young adult diabetic patients. Diabet. Med.. 2007; 24:1221–1228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Littorin B., Sundkvist G., Schersten B., . Patient administrative system as a tool to validate the ascertainment in the diabetes incidence study in Sweden (DISS). Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.. 1996; 33:129–133.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vaziri-Sani F., Delli A. J., Elding-Larsson H., . A novel triple mix radiobinding assay for the three ZnT8 (ZnT8-RWQ) autoantibody variants in children with newly diagnosed diabetes. J. Immunol. Meth.. 2011; 371:25–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampasona V., Schlosser M., Mueller P. W., . Diabetes antibody standardization program: first proficiency evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8. Clin Chem.. 2011; 57:1693–1702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torn C., Mueller P. W., Schlosser M., Bonifacio E., Bingley P. J.. Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2. Diabetologia. 2008; 51:846–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landin-Olsson M., Sundkvist G., Lernmark A.. Prolonged incubation in the two-colour immunofluorescence test increases the prevalence and titres of islet cell antibodies in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1987; 30:327–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verge C. F., Stenger D., Bonifacio E., . Combined use of autoantibodies (IA-2 autoantibody, GAD autoantibody, insulin autoantibody, cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies) in type 1 diabetes: Combinatorial Islet Autoantibody Workshop. Diabetes. 1998; 47:1857–1866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen L. B., Vaziri-Sani F., Porksen S., . Relationship between ZnT8Ab, the SLC30A8 gene and disease progression in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity. 2011; 44:616–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena R., Voight B. F., Lyssenko V., . Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels. Science. 2007; 316:1331–1336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeggini E., Weedon M. N., Lindgren C. M., . Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Science. 2007; 316:1336–1341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott L. J., Mohlke K. L., Bonnycastle L. L., . A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants. Science. 2007; 316:1341–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karjalainen J., Salmela P., Ilonen J., Surcel H. M., Knip M.. A comparison of childhood and adult type I diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med.. 1989; 320:881–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snorgaard O., Lassen L. H., Binder C.. Homogeneity in pattern of decline of beta-cell function in IDDM. Prospective study of 204 consecutive cases followed for 7.4 yr. Diabetes Care. 1992; 15:1009–1013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiffrin A., Suissa S., Weitzner G., Poussier P., Lalla D.. Factors predicting course of beta-cell function in IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1992; 15:997–1001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vermeulen I., Weets I., Asanghanwa M., . Contribution of antibodies against IA-2beta and zinc transporter 8 to classification of diabetes diagnosed under 40 years of age. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34:1760–1765.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andersson C., Larsson K., Vaziri-Sani F., . The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity. 2011; 44:394–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L., Luo S., Huang G., . The diagnostic value of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) for type 1 diabetes in Chinese. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev.. 2010; 26:579–584.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawasaki E.. ZnT8 and type 1 diabetes [Review]. Endocr. J.. 2012 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ12-0069.
   Google Scholar
• Long A. E., Gillespie K. M., Rokni S., Bingley P. J., Williams A. J.. Rising incidence of type 1 diabetes is associated with altered immunophenotype at diagnosis. Diabetes. 2012; 61:683–686.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torn C., Landin-Olsson M., Ostman J., . Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) is the most important factor for prediction of insulin therapy within 3 years in young adult diabetic patients not classified as Type 1 diabetes on clinical grounds. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev.. 2000; 16:442–447.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trabucchi A., Faccinetti N. I., Guerra L. L., . Detection and characterization of ZnT8 autoantibodies could help to screen latent autoimmune diabetes in adult-onset patients with type 2 phenotype. Autoimmunity. 2012; 45:137–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar