Ligand binding induces a conformational change in epidermal growth factor receptor dimers

References

• Adak S, Yang KS, Macdonald-Obermann J, Pike LJ. 2011. The membrane-proximal intracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor underlies negative cooperativity in ligand binding. J Biol Chem. 286 52: 45146–45155.
   Google Scholar
• Adams TE, Koziolek EJ, Hoyne PH, Bentley JD, Lu L, Lovrecz G, Ward CW, Lee FT, Scott AM, Nash AD, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Johns TG. 2009. A truncated soluble epidermal growth factor receptor-Fc fusion ligand trap displays anti-tumour activity in vivo. Growth Factors. 27 3: 141–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarado D, Klein DE, Lemmon MA. 2009. ErbB2 resembles an autoinhibited invertebrate epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature. 461 7261: 287–291.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarado D, Klein DE, Lemmon MA. 2010. Structural basis for negative cooperativity in growth factor binding to an EGF receptor. Cell. 142 4: 568–579.
   Google Scholar
• Bae JH, Schlessinger J. 2010. Asymmetric tyrosine kinase arrangements in activation or autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Cells. 29 5: 443–448.
   Google Scholar
• Baselga J, Norton L, Albanell J, Kim YM, Mendelsohn J. 1998. Recombinant humanized anti-HER2 antibody (Herceptin) enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel and doxorubicin against HER2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Res. 58 13: 2825–2831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedrin MS, Abolafia CM, Thompson JF. 1997. Cytoskeletal association of epidermal growth factor receptor and associated signaling proteins is regulated by cell density in IEC-6 intestinal cells. J Cell Physiol. 172 1: 126–136.
   Google Scholar
• Berkers JA, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Boonstra J. 1991. Three classes of epidermal growth factor receptors on HeLa cells. J Biol Chem. 266 2: 922–927.
   Google Scholar
• Bill A, Schmitz A, Albertoni B, Song JN, Heukamp LC, Walrafen D, Thorwirth F, Verveer PJ, Zimmer S, Meffert L, Schreiber A, Chatterjee S, Thomas RK, Ullrich RT, Lang T, Famulok M. 2010. Cytohesins are cytoplasmic ErbB receptor activators. Cell. 143 2: 201–211.
   Google Scholar
• Boerner JL, Danielsen A, Maihle NJ. 2003. Ligand-independent oncogenic signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor: v-ErbB as a paradigm. Exp Cell Res. 284 1: 111–121.
   Google Scholar
• Bouyain S, Longo PA, Li S, Ferguson KM, Leahy DJ. 2005. The extracellular region of ErbB4 adopts a tethered conformation in the absence of ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102 42: 15024–15029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess AW, Cho HS, Eigenbrot C, Ferguson KM, Garrett TPJ, Leahy DJ, Lemmon MA, Sliwkowski MX, Ward CW, Yokoyama S. 2003. An open-and-shut case? Recent insights into the activation of EGF/ErbB receptors. Mol Cell. 12 3: 541–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter P, Presta L, Gorman CM, Ridgway JB, Henner D, Wong WL, Rowland AM, Kotts C, Carver ME, Shepard HM. 1992. Humanization of an anti-p185HER2 antibody for human cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89 10: 4285–4289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JY, Li M, Penn LS, Xi J. 2011. Real-time and label-free detection of cellular response to signaling mediated by distinct subclasses of epidermal growth factor receptors. Anal Chem. 83 8: 3141–3146.
   Google Scholar
• Chung I, Akita R, Vandlen R, Toomre D, Schlessinger J, Mellman I. 2010. Spatial control of EGF receptor activation by reversible dimerization on living cells. Nature. 464 7289: 783–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton AH, Walker F, Orchard SG, Henderson C, Fuchs D, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Burgess AW. 2005. Ligand-induced dimer-tetramer transition during the activation of the cell surface epidermal growth factor receptor-A multidimensional microscopy analysis. J Biol Chem. 280 34: 30392–30399.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton AH, Tavarnesi ML, Johns TG. 2007. Unligated epidermal growth factor receptor forms higher order oligomers within microclusters on A431 cells that are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitor binding. Biochemistry. 46 15: 4589–4597.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton AH, Orchard SG, Nice EC, Posner RG, Burgess AW. 2008. Predominance of activated EGFR higher-order oligomers on the cell surface. Growth Factors. 26 6: 316–324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Carpenter G, King LJr. 1980. Epidermal growth factor-receptor-protein kinase interactions. Co-purification of receptor and epidermal growth factor-enhanced phosphorylation activity. J Biol Chem. 255 10: 4834–4842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson JP, Berger MB, Lin CC, Schlessinger J, Lemmon MA, Ferguson KM. 2005. Epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization and activation require ligand-induced conformational changes in the dimer interface. Mol Cell Biol. 25 17: 7734–7742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson JP, Bu Z, Lemmon MA. 2007. Ligand-induced structural transitions in ErbB receptor extracellular domains. Structure. 15 8: 942–954.
   Google Scholar
• deBlaquiere J, Walker F, Michelangeli VP, Fabri L, Burgess AW. 1994. Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates the release of protein kinase A from the cell membrane. J Biol Chem. 269 7: 4812–4818.
   Google Scholar
• Domagala T, Konstantopoulos N, Smyth F, Jorissen RN, Fabri L, Geleick D, Lax I, Schlessinger J, Sawyer W, Howlett GJ, Burgess AW, Nice EC. 2000. Stoichiometry, kinetic and binding analysis of the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor. Growth Factors. 18 1: 11–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durocher Y, Perret S, Kamen A. 2002. High-level and high-throughput recombinant protein production by transient transfection of suspension-growing human 293-EBNA1 cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 30 2: E9.
   Google Scholar
• Elleman TC, Domagala T, McKern NM, Nerrie M, Lonnqvist B, Adams TE, Lewis J, Lovrecz GO, Hoyne PA, Richards KM, Howlett GJ, Rothacker J, Jorissen RN, Lou M, Garrett TP, Burgess AW, Nice EC, Ward CW. 2001. Identification of a determinant of epidermal growth factor receptor ligand-binding specificity using a truncated, high-affinity form of the ectodomain. Biochemistry. 40 30: 8930–8939.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson KM. 2004. Active and inactive conformations of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochem Soc Trans. 32 Pt 5: 742–745.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson KM. 2008. Structure-based view of epidermal growth factor receptor regulation. Annu Rev Biophys. 37:353–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadella TWJr, Jovin TM. 1995. Oligomerization of epidermal growth factor receptors on A431 cells studied by time-resolved fluorescence imaging microscopy. A stereochemical model for tyrosine kinase receptor activation. J Cell Biol. 129 6: 1543–1558.
   Google Scholar
• Gan HK, Walker F, Burgess AW, Rigopoulos A, Scott AM, Johns TG. 2007. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 increases the formation of inactive untethered EGFR dimers. Implications for combination therapy with monoclonal antibody 806. J Biol Chem. 282 5: 2840–2850.
   Google Scholar
• Garrett TP, McKern NM, Lou M, Elleman TC, Adams TE, Lovrecz GO, Zhu HJ, Walker F, Frenkel MJ, Hoyne PA, Jorissen RN, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Ward CW. 2002. Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor alpha. Cell. 110 6: 763–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett TP, McKern NM, Lou M, Elleman TC, Adams TE, Lovrecz GO, Kofler M, Jorissen RN, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Ward CW. 2003. The crystal structure of a truncated ErbB2 ectodomain reveals an active conformation, poised to interact with other ErbB receptors. Mol Cell. 11 2: 495–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett TP, Burgess AW, Gan HK, Luwor RB, Cartwright G, Walker F, Orchard SG, Clayton AH, Nice EC, Rothacker J, Catimel B, Cavenee WK, Old LJ, Stockert E, Ritter G, Adams TE, Hoyne PA, Wittrup D, Chao G, Cochran JR, Luo C, Lou M, Huyton T, Xu Y, Fairlie WD, Yao S, Scott AM, Johns TG. 2009. Antibodies specifically targeting a locally misfolded region of tumor associated EGFR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106 13: 5082–5087.
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield C, Hiles I, Waterfield MD, Federwisch M, Wollmer A, Blundell TL, McDonald N. 1989. Epidermal growth factor binding induces a conformational change in the external domain of its receptor. EMBO J. 8 13: 4115–4123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groenen LC, Walker F, Burgess AW, Treutlein HR. 1997. A model for the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase involvement of an asymmetric dimer?. Biochemistry. 36 13: 3826–3836.
   Google Scholar
• Hertel C, Coulter SJ, Perkins JP. 1985. A comparison of catecholamine-induced internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors and receptor-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growth factor in human astrocytoma cells. Inhibition by phenylarsine oxide. J Biol Chem. 260 23: 12547–12553.
   Google Scholar
• Hofman EG, Bader AN, Voortman J, van den Heuvel DJ, Sigismund S, Verkleij AJ, Gerritsen HC, Henegouwen PMP, van Bergen En. 2010. Ligand-induced EGF receptor oligomerization is kinase-dependent and enhances internalization. J Biol Chem. 285 50: 39481–39489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh MY, Yang S, Raymond-Stinz MA, Edwards JS, Wilson BS. 2010. Spatio-temporal modeling of signaling protein recruitment to EGFR. BMC Syst Biol. 4:57.
   Google Scholar
• Ichinose J, Murata M, Yanagida T, Sako Y. 2004. EGF signalling amplification induced by dynamic clustering of EGFR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 324 3: 1143–1149.
   Google Scholar
• Janes PW, Griesshaber B, Atapattu L, Nievergall E, Hii LL, Mensinga A, Chheang C, Day BW, Boyd AW, Bastiaens PI, Jorgensen C, Pawson T, Lackmann M. 2011. Eph receptor function is modulated by heterooligomerization of A and B type Eph receptors. J Cell Biol. 195 6: 1033–1045.
   Google Scholar
• Johns TG, Stockert E, Ritter G, Jungbluth AA, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK, Smyth FE, Hall CM, Watson N, Nice EC, Gullick WJ, Old LJ, Burgess AW, Scott AM. 2002. Novel monoclonal antibody specific for the de2-7 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that also recognizes the EGFR expressed in cells containing amplification of the EGFR gene. Int J Cancer. 98 3: 398–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns TG, Adams TE, Cochran JR, Hall NE, Hoyne PA, Olsen MJ, Kim YS, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Walker F, Ritter G, Jungbluth AA, Old LJ, Ward CW, Burgess AW, Wittrup KD, Scott AM. 2004. Identification of the epitope for the epidermal growth factor receptor-specific monoclonal antibody 806 reveals that it preferentially recognizes an untethered form of the receptor. J Biol Chem. 279 29: 30375–30384.
   Google Scholar
• Jones JT, Akita RW, Sliwkowski MX. 1999. Binding specificities and affinities of egf domains for ErbB receptors. FEBS Lett. 447 2–3: 227–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorissen RN, Walker F, Pouliot N, Garrett TP, Ward CW, Burgess AW. 2003. Epidermal growth factor receptor: mechanisms of activation and signalling. Exp Cell Res. 284 1: 31–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jungbluth AA, Stockert E, Huang HJ, Collins VP, Coplan K, Iversen K, Kolb D, Johns TJ, Scott AM, Gullick WJ, Ritter G, Cohen L, Scanlan MJ, Cavenee WK, Old LJ. 2003. A monoclonal antibody recognizing human cancers with amplification/overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100 2: 639–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunagaran D, Tzahar E, Beerli RR, Chen X, Graus-Porta D, Ratzkin BJ, Seger R, Hynes NE, Yarden Y. 1996EMBO J. 15:254–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamoto T, Sato JD, Le A, Polikoff J, Sato GH, Mendelsohn J. 1983. Growth stimulation of A431 cells by epidermal growth factor: identification of high-affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor by an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 80 5: 1337–1341.
   Google Scholar
• Klein P, Mattoon D, Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J. 2004. A structure-based model for ligand binding and dimerization of EGF receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101 4: 929–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson VP, Ronnett GV, Lane MD. 1983. Rapid, reversible internalization of cell surface insulin receptors. Correlation with insulin-induced down-regulation. J Biol Chem. 258 20: 12139–12142.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kozer N, Henderson C, Bailey MF, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Clayton AH. 2010. Creation and biophysical characterization of a high-affinity, monomeric EGF receptor ectodomain using fluorescent proteins. Biochemistry. 49 35: 7459–7466.
   Google Scholar
• Kozer N, Kelly MP, Orchard S, Burgess AW, Scott AM, Clayton AH. Differential and synergistic effects of epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies on unliganded ErbB dimers and oligomers. Biochemistry. 2011a; 50 18: 3581–3590.
   Google Scholar
• Kozer N, Rothacker J, Burgess AW, Nice EC, Clayton AH. Conformational dynamics in a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor ectodomain. Biochemistry. 2011b; 50 23: 5130–5139.
   Google Scholar
• Kozer N, Henderson C, Jackson JT, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Clayton AHA. 2011. Evidence for extended YFP-EGFR dimers in the absence of ligand on the surface of living cells. Phys Biol. 8 6: 066002 Dec.
   Google Scholar
• Leahy DJ. 2004. Structure and function of the epidermal growth factor (EGF/ErbB) family of receptors. Adv Protein Chem. 68:1–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemmon MA. 2009. Ligand-induced ErbB receptor dimerization. Exp Cell Res. 315 4: 638–648.
   Google Scholar
• Li S, Schmitz KR, Jeffrey PD, Wiltzius JJ, Kussie P, Ferguson KM. 2005. Structural basis for inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor by cetuximab. Cancer Cell. 7 4: 301–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Macdonald-Obermann J, Westfall C, Piwnica-Worms D, Pike LJ. 2012. Quantitation of the effect of ErbB2 on EGF receptor binding and dimerization. J Biol Chem. 287 37: 31116–31125.
   Google Scholar
• Liu P, Cleveland T Eth, Bouyain S, Byrne PO, Longo PA, Leahy DJ. 2012. A single ligand is sufficient to activate EGFR dimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109 27: 10861–10866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu C, Mi L-Z, Grey MJ, Zhu J, Graef E, Yokoyama S, Springer TA. 2010. Structural evidence for loose linkage between ligand binding and kinase activation in the epidermal growth factor receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 30 22: 5432–5443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luwor RB, Johns TG, Murone C, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK, Ritter G, Old LJ, Burgess AW, Scott AM. 2001. Monoclonal antibody 806 inhibits the growth of tumor xenografts expressing either the de2-7 or amplified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not wild-type EGFR. Cancer Res. 61 14: 5355–5361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luwor RB, Zhu HJ, Walker F, Vitali AA, Perera RM, Burgess AW, Scott AM, Johns TG. 2004. The tumor-specific de2-7 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes cells survival and heterodimerizes with the wild-type EGFR. Oncogene. 23 36: 6095–6104.
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald JL, Pike LJ. 2008. Heterogeneity in EGF-binding affinities arises from negative cooperativity in an aggregating system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105 1: 112–117.
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. 2009. The intracellular juxtamembrane domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is responsible for the allosteric regulation of EGF binding. J Biol Chem. 284 20: 13570–13576.
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald-Obermann JL, Piwnica-Worms D, Pike LJ. 2012. Mechanics of EGF receptor/ErbB2 kinase activation revealed by luciferase fragment complementation imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109 1: 137–142.
   Google Scholar
• Mattoon DR, Lamothe B, Lax I, Schlessinger J. 2004. The docking protein Gab1 is the primary mediator of EGF-stimulated activation of the PI-3K/Akt cell survival pathway. BMC Biol. 2:24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishima K, Johns TG, Luwor RB, Scott AM, Stockert E, Jungbluth AA, Ji XD, Suvarna P, Voland JR, Old LJ, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK. 2001. Growth suppression of intracranial xenografted glioblastomas overexpressing mutant epidermal growth factor receptors by systemic administration of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 806, a novel monoclonal antibody directed to the receptor. Cancer Res. 61 14: 5349–5354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriki T, Maruyama H, Maruyama IN. 2001. Activation of preformed EGF receptor dimers by ligand-induced rotation of the transmembrane domain. J Mol Biol. 311 5: 1011–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogiso H, Ishitani R, Nureki O, Fukai S, Yamanaka M, Kim JH, Saito K, Sakamoto A, Inoue M, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S. 2002. Crystal structure of the complex of human epidermal growth factor and receptor extracellular domains. Cell. 110 6: 775–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozcan F, Klein P, Lemmon MA, Lax I, Schlessinger J. 2006. On the nature of low- and high-affinity EGF receptors on living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103 15: 5735–5740.
   Google Scholar
• Pike LJ. 2012. Negative co-operativity in the EGF receptor. Biochem Soc Trans. 40 1: 15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Rijken PJ, Hage WJ, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Verkleij AJ, Boonstra J. 1991. Epidermal growth factor induces rapid reorganization of the actin microfilament system in human A431 cells. J Cell Sci. 100 Pt 3: 491–499.
   Google Scholar
• Sarup J, Jin P, Turin L, Bai X, Beryt M, Brdlik C, Higaki JN, Jorgensen B, Lau FW, Lindley P, Liu J, Ni I, Rozzelle J, Kumari R, Watson SA, Zhang J, Shepard HM. 2008. Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-1:HER-3) Fc-mediated heterodimer has broad antiproliferative activity in vitro and in human tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther. 7 10: 3223–3236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlessinger J. 2002. Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor. Cell. 110 6: 669–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmiedel J, Blaukat A, Li S, Knochel T, Ferguson KM. 2008. Matuzumab binding to EGFR prevents the conformational rearrangement required for dimerization. Cancer Cell. 13 4: 365–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz KR, Ferguson KM. 2009. Interaction of antibodies with ErbB receptor extracellular regions. Exp Cell Res. 315 4: 659–670.
   Google Scholar
• Shih AJ, Telesco SE, Choi SH, Lemmon MA, Radhakrishnan R. 2011. Molecular dynamics analysis of conserved hydrophobic and hydrophilic bond-interaction networks in ErbB family kinases. Biochem J. 436 2: 241–251.
   Google Scholar
• Sobol RE, Astarita RW, Hofeditz C, Masui H, Fairshter R, Royston I, Mendelsohn J. 1987. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human lung carcinomas defined by a monoclonal antibody. J Natl Cancer Inst. 79 3: 403–407.
   Google Scholar
• Spivak-Kroizman TR, Pinchasi D, Ullrich A, Schlessinger J, Lax I. 1992J Biol Chem. 267:8056–8063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroop CJ, Weber W, Gerwig GJ, Nimtz M, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. 2000. Characterization of the carbohydrate chains of the secreted form of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. Glycobiology. 10 9: 901–917.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Yokoe S, Asahi M, Lee SH, Li W, Osumi D, Miyoshi E, Taniguchi N. 2008. N-glycan of ErbB family plays a crucial role in dimer formation and tumor promotion. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1780 3: 520–524.
   Google Scholar
• Ullrich A, Coussens L, Hayflick JS, Dull TJ, Gray A, Tam AW, Lee J, Yarden Y, Libermann T, Schlessinger J, Downward J, Mayes ELV, Whittle N, Waterfield MD, Seeburg PH. 1984. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature. 309 5967: 418–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ushiro H, Cohen S. 1980. Identification of phosphotyrosine as a product of epidermal growth factor-activated protein kinase in A-431 cell membranes. J Biol Chem. 255 18: 8363–8365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyemura T, Takagi H, Yanagida T, Sako Y. 2005. Single-molecule analysis of epidermal growth factor signaling that leads to ultrasensitive calcium response. Biophys J. 88 5: 3720–3730.
   Google Scholar
• Walker F, Burgess AW. 1988. Transmodulation of the epidermal-growth-factor receptor in permeabilized 3T3 cells. Biochem J. 256 1: 109–115.
   Google Scholar
• Walker F, Burgess AW. 1991. Reconstitution of the high affinity epidermal growth factor receptor on cell-free membranes after transmodulation by platelet-derived growth factor. J Biol Chem. 266 5: 2746–2752.
   Google Scholar
• Walker F, deBlaquiere J, Burgess AW. 1993. Translocation of pp60c-src from the plasma membrane to the cytosol after stimulation by platelet-derived growth factor. J Biol Chem. 268 26: 19552–19558.
   Google Scholar
• Walker F, Kato A, Gonez LJ, Hibbs ML, Pouliot N, Levitzki A, Burgess AW. Activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by kinase-defective epidermal growth factor receptors results in cell survival but not proliferation. Mol Cell Biol. 1998a; 18 12: 7192–7204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker F, Hibbs ML, Zhang HH, Gonez LJ, Burgess AW. Biochemical characterization of mutant EGF receptors expressed in the hemopoietic cell line BaF/3. Growth Factors. 1998b; 16 1: 53–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker F, Orchard SG, Jorissen RN, Hall NE, Zhang HH, Hoyne PA, Adams TE, Johns TG, Ward C, Garrett TP, Zhu HJ, Nerrie M, Scott AM, Nice EC, Burgess AW. 2004. CR1/CR2 interactions modulate the functions of the cell surface epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem. 279 21: 22387–22398.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson JC, Staros JV. 2002. Effect of ErbB2 coexpression on the kinetic interactions of epidermal growth factor with its receptor in intact cells. Biochemistry. 41 1: 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• Yarden Y, Schlessinger J. 1987. Epidermal growth factor induces rapid, reversible aggregation of the purified epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochemistry. 26 5: 1443–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Gureasko J, Shen K, Cole PA, Kuriyan J. 2006. An allosteric mechanism for activation of the kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor. Cell. 125 6: 1137–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu HJ, Iaria J, Orchard S, Walker F, Burgess AW. 2003. Epidermal growth factor receptor: association of extracellular domain negatively regulates intracellular kinase activation in the absence of ligand. Growth Factors. 21 1: 15–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar