References
- Dallenbach KM. The temperature spots and end organs. Am J Psychol 1927; 29: 402–427
- Darian-Smith I, Johnson KO, Lamotte C, Kenins P, Shigenaga Y, Ming VC. Coding of incremental changes in skin temperature by single warm fibers in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 1979; 42: 1316–1331
- Defrin R, Shachal-Shiffer M, Hadgadg M, Peretz C. Quantitative somatosensory testing of warm and heat-pain thresholds: The effect of body region and testing method. Clin J Pain 2006; 22(2)130–136
- Ekenvall L, Nilsson BY, Gustavsson P. Temperature and vibration thresholds in vibration syndrome. Br J Med 1986; 43(12)825–829
- Gescheider GA, Guclu B, Sexton JL, Karalunas S, Fontana A. Spatial summation in the tactile sensory system: Probability summation and neural integration. Somatosens Mot Res 2005; 22(4)255–268
- Green BG, Cruz A. “Warmth-insensitive fields”: Evidence of sparse and irregular innervation of human skin by the warmth sense. Somatosens Mot Res 1998; 15(4)269–275
- Green BG, Zaharchuk R. Spatial variation in sensitivity as a factor in measurements of spatial summation of warmth and cold. Somatosens Mot Res 2001; 18(3)181–190
- Greenspan JD, Kenshalo DR. The primate as a model for the human temperature-sensing system: 2. Area of skin receiving thermal stimulation (spatial summation). Somatosens Mot Res 1985; 2(4)315–324
- Hallin RG, Torebjeork HE, Wiesenfeld Z. Nociceptors and warm receptors innervated by C fibres in human skin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 313–319
- Hardy JD, Oppel TW. Studies in temperature sensation: III. The sensitivity of the body to heat and spatial summation of the end-organ responses. J Clin Invest 1937; 16: 533–540
- Hensel H. Thermal sensations and thermoreceptors in man. Charles C. Thomas, London 1982
- Hensel H, Iggo A. Analysis of cutaneous warm and cold fibres in primates. Pflügers Arch 1971; 329: 1–10
- Hilz MJ, Stemper B, Axelrod FB, Kolodny EH, Neundorfer B. Quantitative thermal perception testing in adults. Clin Neurophysiol 1999; 16(5)462–471
- Kojo I, Pertovaara A. The effects of stimulus area and adaptation temperature on warm and heat pain thresholds in man. Int J Neurosci 1987; 32: 875–880
- Lautenbacher S, Strian F. Sex differences in pain and thermal sensitivity: The role of body size. Percept Psychophys 1991; 50(2)179–183
- Li X, Petrini L, Defrin R, Madeleine P, Arendt-Nielsen L. High resolution topographical mapping of warm and cold sensitivities. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119(11)2641–2646
- Lindsell CJ, Griffin MJ. Standardised diagnostic methods for assessing components of the hand–arm vibration syndrome. CRR197/1998, HSE Books ISBN 0-7176-1640-1, LondonUK 1998
- Lindsell CJ, Griffin MJ. Normative data for vascular and neurological tests of the hand–arm vibration syndrome. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002; 75(1–2)43–54
- Liou J-T, Lui P-W, Lo Y-L, Liou L, Wang S-S, Yuan H-B, Chan K-C, Lee T-Y. Normative data of quantitative thermal and vibratory thresholds in normal subjects in Taiwan: Gender and age effect. Chin Med J 1999; 62(7)431–437
- Meh D, Denislic M. Quantitative assessment of thermal and pain sensitivity. Neurol Sci 1994; 127(2)164–169
- Mountcastle VB. The sensory hand: Neural mechanisms of somatic sensation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2005
- Norrsell U, Finger S, Lajonchere C. Cutaneous sensory spots and the “law of specific nerve energies”: A history and development of ideas. Brain Res Bull 1999; 48: 457–465
- Parker AJ, Newsome WT. Sense and the single neuron: Probing the physiology of perception. Annu Rev Neurosci 1998; 21: 227–277
- Rein FH. Über die Topographie der Warmemfindung. Beziehungen zwischen Innercation und receptorischen Endorganen. Z Biol 1925; 82: 189–212
- Sato T, Okada Y, Miyamoto T, Fujiyama R. Distributions of sensory spots in the hand and two-point discrimination thresholds in the hand, face and mouth in dental students. J Physiol Paris 1999; 93: 245–250
- Seah SA, Griffin MJ. Normal values for thermotactile and vibrotactile thresholds in males and females. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 81(5)535–543
- Stevens JC, Choo KK. Temperature sensitivity of the body surface over the life span. Somatosens Mot Res 1998; 15(1)13–28
- Stevens JC, Marks LE. Spatial summation and the dynamics of the warmth sense. Percept Psychophys 1971; 9: 391–398
- Strughold H, Porz R. Die Dichte der Kaltpunkte auf der Haut des menschlichen Körpers. Z Biol 1931; 91: 563–571