1,194
Views
99
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Roles of IL-8 in Ocular Inflammations: A Review

, , , &
Pages 401-412 | Published online: 22 Nov 2011

References

  • Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Human chemokines: an update. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15:675–705.
  • Atta UR, Harvey K, Siddiqui RA. Interleukin-8: an autocrine inflammatory mediator. Curr Pharm Res. 1999 Apr; 5(4):241–253.
  • Jin H, Hayes GL, Darbha NS, et al. Investigation of CC and CXC chemokine quaternary state mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 16; 338(2):987–999.
  • Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity. 2000 Feb;12 (2):121–127.
  • Rosenkilde MM, Schwartz TW. The chemokine system—a major regulator of angiogenesis in health and disease. APMIS. 2004 Jul;112(7–8):481–495.
  • Baldwin ET, Weber IT, St CR, et al. Crystal structure of interleukin 8: symbiosis of NMR and crystallography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 15;88(2):502–506.
  • Clore GM, Appella E, Yamada M, et al. Three-dimensional structure of interleukin 8 in solution. Biochemistry. 1990 Feb;29(7):1689–1696.
  • Rajarathnam K, Sykes BD, Kay CM, et al. Neutrophil activation by monomeric interleukin-8. Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):90–92.
  • Kanagarajadurai K, Sowdhamini R. Sequence and structural analyses of interleukin-8-like chemokine superfamily. In Silico Biol. 2008;8(3-4):307–330.
  • Lowman HB, Fairbrother WJ, Slagle PH, et al. Monomeric variants of IL-8: effects of side chain substitutions and solution conditions upon dimer formation. Protein Sci. 1997 Mar;6(3):598–608.
  • Moser B, Loetscher P. Lymphocyte traffic control by chemokines. Nat Immunol. 2001 Feb;2(2):123–128.
  • Schraufstatter IU, Chung J, Burger M. IL-8 activates endothelial cell CXCR1 and CXCR2 through Rho and Rac signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Jun; 280(6):L1094–L1103.
  • Balkwill F. Cancer and the chemokine network. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jul;4(7):540–550.
  • Flynn G, Maru S, Loughlin J, et al. Regulation of chemokine receptor expression in human microglia and astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Mar;136(1-2):84–93.
  • Murdoch C, Monk PN, Finn A. Cxc chemokine receptor expression on human endothelial cells. Cytokine. 1999 Sep;11(9):704–712.
  • Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, et al. International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Mar;52(1):145–176.
  • Horuk R. Chemokine receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2001 Dec;12(4):313–335.
  • Tournamille C, Blancher A, Le Van KC, et al. Sequence, evolution and ligand binding properties of mammalian Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. Immunogenetics. 2004 Jan;55(10):682–694.
  • Brat DJ, Bellail AC, Van Meir EG. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in gliomagenesis and tumoral angiogenesis. Neuro Oncol. 2005 Apr;7(2):122–133.
  • Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL. Neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1989 Oct;84(4):1045–1049.
  • Rossi D, Zlotnik A. The biology of chemokines and their receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:217–42.
  • Bradding P, Okayama Y, Howarth PH, et al. Heterogeneity of human mast cells based on cytokine content. J Immunol. 1995 Jul 1;155(1):297–307.
  • Scapini P, Lapinet-Vera JA, Gasperini S, et al. The neutrophil as a cellular source of chemokines. Immunol Rev. 2000 Oct;177:195–203.
  • Apostolakis S, Papadakis EG, Krambovitis E, et al. Chemokines in vascular pathology (review). Int J Mol Med. 2006 May;17(5):691–701.
  • Gerszten RE, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Lim YC, et al. MCP-1 and IL-8 trigger firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions. Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):718–723.
  • Gusella GL, Musso T, Bosco MC, et al. IL-2 up-regulates but IFN-gamma suppresses IL-8 expression in human monocytes. J Immunol. 1993 Sep 1;151(5):2725–2732.
  • Pease JE, Sabroe I. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in inflammatory lung disease: implications for therapy. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):19–25.
  • Ciree A, Michel L, Camilleri-Broet S, Jean LF, et al. Expression and activity of IL-17 in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome). Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 5; 20;112(1):113–120.
  • Waugh DJ, Wilson C. The interleukin-8 pathway in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 1;14(21):6735–6741.
  • Horcher M, Rot A, Aschauer H, et al. IL-8 derivatives with a reduced potential to form homodimers are fully active in vitro and in vivo. Cytokine. 1998 Jan;10(1):1–12.
  • DeForge LE, Preston AM, Takeuchi E, et al. Regulation of interleukin 8 gene expression by oxidant stress. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25568–25576.
  • Xie K. Interleukin-8 and human cancer biology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2001 Dec;12(4):375–391.
  • DeForge LE, Fantone JC, Kenney JS, et al. Oxygen radical scavengers selectively inhibit interleukin 8 production in human whole blood. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90(5):2123–2129.
  • Apostolakis S, Vogiatzi K, Amanatidou V, et al. Interleukin 8 and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Dec 1;84(3):353–360.
  • Holmes WE, Lee J, Kuang WJ, et al. Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor. Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1278–1280.
  • Murphy PM, Tiffany HL. Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor. Science. 1991; 253: 1280–1283.
  • Ahuja SK, Murphy PM. The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, GRObeta, GROgamma, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 23;271(34):20545–20550.
  • Koradi R, Billeter M, Wuthrich K. MOLMOL: a program for display and analysis of macromolecular structures. J Mol Graph. 1996 Feb;14(1):51–32.
  • Rot A, Hub E, Middleton J, et al. Some aspects of IL-8 pathophysiology, III: chemokine interaction with endothelial cells. J Leukoc Biol. 1996 Jan;59(1):39–44.
  • Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I. Interleukin-8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine. FEBS Lett. 1992 Jul 27;307(1):97–101.
  • Becker MD, O’Rourke LM, Blackman WS, et al. Reduced leukocyte migration, but normal rolling and arrest, in interleukin-8 receptor homologue knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Jun;41(7):1812–1817.
  • Goczalik I, Ulbricht E, Hollborn M, et al. Expression of CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 in neurons and glial cells of the human and rabbit retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Oct;49(10):4578–4589.
  • Belperio JA, Keane MP, Arenberg DA, et al. CXC chemokines in angiogenesis. J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Jul;68(1):1–8.
  • Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Arenberg DA, et al. Interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a member of the C-X-C chemokine family, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 5;210(1):51–57.
  • Strieter RM, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, et al. The functional role of the ELR motif in CXC chemokine-mediated angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 10;270(45):27348–27357.
  • Forooghian F, Das B. Anti-angiogenic effects of ribonucleic acid interference targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;144(5):761–768.
  • Kim GY, Lee JW, Ryu HC, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta stimulates IL-8 synthesis in mast cells via a leukotriene B4 receptor 2-linked pathway, contributing to angiogenesis. J Immunol. 2010 Apr 1;184(7):3946–3954.
  • Ekman AK, Cardell LO. The expression and function of Nod-like receptors in neutrophils. Immunology. 2010 May;130(1):55–63.
  • Li A, Dubey S, Varney ML, et al. IL-8 directly enhanced endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinases production and regulated angiogenesis. J Immunol. 2003 Mar 15;170(6):3369–3376.
  • Shono T, Ono M, Izumi H, et al. Involvement of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in tubular morphogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells by oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Aug;16(8):4231–4239.
  • Miyazaki D, Inoue Y, Raki-Sasaki K, et al. Neutrophil chemotaxis induced by corneal epithelial cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Curr Eye Res. 1998 Jul;17(7):687–693.
  • Chodosh J, Astley RA, Butler MG, et al. Adenovirus keratitis: a role for interleukin-8. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Mar;41(3):783–789.
  • Chou SF, Chang SW, Chuang JL. Mitomycin C upregulates IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokine expression via mitogen-activated protein kinases in corneal fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 May;48(5):2009–2016.
  • Elner VM, Strieter RM, Pavilack MA, et al. Human corneal interleukin-8. IL-1 and TNF-induced gene expression and secretion. Am J Pathol. 1991 Nov;139(5):977–988.
  • Cook EB, Stahl JL, Esnault S, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 expression on human conjunctival epithelial cells: a pathway for Staphylococcus aureus involvement in chronic ocular proinflammatory responses. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Apr;94(4):486–497.
  • Yoshida A, Elner SG, Bian ZM, et al. Thrombin regulates chemokine induction during human retinal pigment epithelial cell/monocyte interaction. Am J Pathol. 2001 Sep;159(3):1171–1180.
  • Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Elner VM, et al. Interleukin-8: a corneal factor that induces neovascularization. Am J Pathol. 1992 Dec;141(6):1279–1284.
  • Oka M, Norose K, Matsushima K, et al. Overexpression of IL-8 in the cornea induces ulcer formation in the SCID mouse. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 May;90(5):612–615.
  • Nagano T, Nakamura M, Nishida T. Differential regulation of collagen degradation by rabbit keratocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Curr Eye Res. 2002 Mar;24(3):240–243.
  • Sano-Kato N, Toda I, Shimmura S, et al. Detection of neutrophils and possible involvement of interleukin-8 in diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Oct;29(10):1996–2000.
  • Yoshida S, Ono M, Shono T, et al. Involvement of interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jul;17(7):4015–4023.
  • Ferrick MR, Thurau SR, Oppenheim MH, et al. Ocular inflammation stimulated by intravitreal interleukin-8 and interleukin-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Apr;32(5):1534–1539.
  • Verma MJ, Mukaida N, Vollmer-Conna U, et al. Endotoxin-induced uveitis is partially inhibited by anti-IL-8 antibody treatment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Oct;40(11):2465–2470.
  • Yoshida S, Yoshida A, Ishibashi T. Induction of IL-8, MCP-1, and bFGF by TNF-alpha in retinal glial cells: implications for retinal neovascularization during post-ischemic inflammation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004 May;242(5):409–413.
  • Bek EL, McMillen MA, Scott P, et al. The effect of diabetes on endothelin, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in rats. Clin Sci (Lond). 2002 Aug;103 Suppl 48:424S–429S.
  • Wakefield D, Lloyd A. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory eye disease. Cytokine. 1992 Jan;4(1):1–5.
  • Nakamura Y, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Inflammatory cytokines in normal human tears. Curr Eye Res. 1998 Jun;17(6):673–676.
  • Uchino E, Sonoda S, Kinukawa N, et al. Alteration pattern of tear cytokines during the course of a day: diurnal rhythm analyzed by multicytokine assay. Cytokine. 2006 Jan 7;33(1):36–40.
  • Enriquez-de-Salamanca A, Castellanos E, et al. Tear cytokine and chemokine analysis and clinical correlations in evaporative-type dry eye disease. Mol Vis. 2010 May; 19;16:862–873.
  • Fodor M, Facsko A, Rajnavolgyi E, et al. Enhanced release of IL-6 and IL-8 into tears in various anterior segment eye diseases. Ophthalmic Res. 2006;38(4):182–188.
  • Kallinikos P, Efron N. On the etiology of keratocyte loss during contact lens wear. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Sep;45(9):3011–3020.
  • Ang LP, Sotozono C, Koizumi N, et al. A comparison between cultivated and conventional limbal stem cell transplantation for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;143(1):178–180.
  • Erdogan-Poyraz C, Mocan MC, Bozkurt B, et al. Elevated tear interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with conjunctivochalasis. Cornea. 2009 Feb;28(2):189–193.
  • Venza I, Cucinotta M, Caristi S, et al. Transcriptional regulation of IL-8 by Staphylococcus aureus in human conjunctival cells involves activation of AP-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jan;48(1):270–276.
  • Di GN, Wakefield D, Coroneo MT. UVB-mediated induction of cytokines and growth factors in pterygium epithelial cells involves cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Jun;47(6):2430–2437.
  • Miyoshi T, Fukagawa K, Shimmura S, et al. Interleukin-8 concentrations in conjunctival epithelium brush cytology samples correlate with neutrophil, eosinophil infiltration, and corneal damage. Cornea. 2001 Oct;20(7):743–747.
  • Kramer M, Monselise Y, Bahar I, et al. Serum cytokine levels in active uveitis and remission. Curr Eye Res. 2007 Jul;32(7-8):669–675.
  • Hashida N, Ohguro N, Yamamoto S, et al. Unusual neutrophil infiltration under the soft contact lens in a patient with Behcet’s disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;47(5):469–472.
  • Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T, Kubota T, et al. Interleukin-8 expressed in the granulocytes of the eye in a patient with Behcet’s disease complicated by lens-induced endophthalmitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2003 Nov;47(6):548–550.
  • Bu El-Asrar AM, Al-Obeidan SS, Kangave D, et al. CXC chemokine expression profiles in aqueous humor of patients with different clinical entities of endogenous uveitis. Immunobiology. 2011 Sep;216(9):1004–1009.
  • De Boer JH, Hack CE, Verhoeven AJ, et al. Chemoattractant and neutrophil degranulation activities related to interleukin-8 in vitreous fluid in uveitis and vitreoretinal disorders. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 Nov;34(12):3376–3385.
  • Mo JS, Matsukawa A, Ohkawara S, et al. Role and regulation of IL-8 and MCP-1 in LPS-induced uveitis in rabbits. Exp Eye Res. 1999 Mar;68(3):333–340.
  • Aksunger A, Or M, Okur H, et al. Role of interleukin 8 in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 1997;211(4):223–225.
  • Elner SG, Strieter R, Bian ZM, et al. Interferon-induced protein 10 and interleukin 8. C-X-C chemokines present in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Dec;116(12):1597–1601.
  • Er H, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, et al. The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide in rabbit vitreous humor after retinal laser photocoagulation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2000 Nov;31(6):479–483.
  • Maier R, Weger M, Haller-Schober EM, et al. Application of multiplex cytometric bead array technology for the measurement of angiogenic factors in the vitreous. Mol Vis. 2006;12:1143–1147.
  • Harada C, Harada T, Mitamura Y, et al. Diverse NF-kappaB expression in epiretinal membranes after human diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Mol Vis. 2004 Jan 15;10:31–36.
  • Zhang XG, Hui YN, Han QH, et al. Effects of mechanical stress on expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Aug 24;85(32):2264–2268.
  • Inomata H, Ishibashi T, Murata T, et al. Intraocular neovascularization. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1997 Dec;101(12):906–926.
  • Goldenberg-Cohen N, Kramer M, Bahar I, et al. Elevated plasma levels of interleukin 8 in patients with acute anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;88(12):1538–1540.
  • Kramer M, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Xer-Siegel R, et al. Inflammatory reaction in acute retinal artery occlusion: cytokine levels in aqueous humor and serum. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2005 Jul;13(4):305–310.
  • Roh MI, Kim HS, Song JH, et al. Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on aqueous humor cytokine levels in clinically significant macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2009 Jan;116(1):80–86.
  • Goverdhan SV, Ennis S, Hannan SR, et al. Interleukin-8 promoter polymorphism -251A/T is a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;92(4):537–540.
  • Forooghian F, Kertes PJ, Eng KT, et al. Alterations in the intraocular cytokine milieu after intravitreal bevacizumab. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 May;51(5):2388–2392.
  • Koumas L, Smith TJ, Phipps RP. Fibroblast subsets in the human orbit: Thy-1+ and Thy-1− subpopulations exhibit distinct phenotypes. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Feb;32(2):477–485.
  • Elner VM, Burnstine MA, Kunkel SL, et al. Interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression and protein production by human orbital fibroblasts. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 Mar;14(2):119–125.
  • Liu Y, Cousin JM, Hughes J, et al. Glucocorticoids promote nonphlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes. J Immunol. 1999 Mar 15;162(6):3639–3646.
  • Tartour E, Pere H, Maillere B, et al. “Angiogenesis and immunity: a bidirectional link potentially relevant for the monitoring of antiangiogenic therapy and the development of novel therapeutic combination with immunotherapy”. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2011 Mar;30(1): 83–95.
  • Fernandez EJ, Lolis E. Structure, function, and inhibition of chemokines. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002;42:469–99.: 469–499.
  • Addison CL, Daniel TO, Burdick MD, et al. The CXC chemokine receptor 2, CXCR2, is the putative receptor for ELR+ CXC chemokine-induced angiogenic activity. J Immunol. 2000 Nov 1;165(9):5269–5377.
  • Ventura AC, Bohnke M. Pentoxifylline influences the autocrine function of organ cultured donor corneas and enhances endothelial cell survival. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 Sep;85(9):1110–1114.
  • Xue ML, Zhu H, Thakur A, et al. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in human corneal epithelial cells colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Immunol Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;80(4):340–345.
  • Solomon A, Wajngarten M, Alviano F, et al. Suppression of inflammatory and fibrotic responses in allergic inflammation by the amniotic membrane stromal matrix. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Jul;35(7):941–948.
  • Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F, Guenoun JM, et al. Comparative study of topical anti-allergic eye drops on human conjunctiva-derived cells: responses to histamine and IFN gamma and toxicological profiles. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr;245(4):534–546.
  • Yoshida A, Yoshida S, Khalil AK, et al. Role of NF-kappaB-mediated interleukin-8 expression in intraocular neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998 Jun;39(7):1097–1106.
  • Albini A, Brigati C, Ventura A, et al. Angiostatin antiangiogenesis requires IL-12: the innate immune system as a key target. J Transl Med. 2009;7:5. [PMID: 19144161]
  • Maruotti N, Cantatore FP, Ribatti D. Thalidomide in treatment of connective diseases and vasculities. Reumatismo. 2006 Jul;58(3):187–190.
  • Gronert K. Resolution, the grail for healthy ocular inflammation. Exp Eye Res. 2010 Oct;91(4):478–485.
  • Kampik A, Kenyon KR, Michels RG, et al. Epiretinal and vitreous membranes: comparative study of 56 cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug;99(8):1445–1454.
  • Vinores SA, Campochiaro PA, McGehee R,et al. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical changes in retinal pigment epithelium, retinal glia, and fibroblasts in vitreous culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990 Dec;31(12):2529–2545.
  • Chan CC, BenEzra D, Hsu SM, et al. Granulomas in sympathetic ophthalmia and sarcoidosis: immunohistochemical study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Feb;103(2):198–202.
  • Elner VM, Strieter RM, Elner SG, et al. Neutrophil chemotactic factor (IL-8) gene expression by cytokine-treated retinal pigment epithelial cells. Am J Pathol. 1990 Apr;136(4):745–750.
  • Taub DD, Proost P, Murphy WJ, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), -2, and -3 are chemotactic for human T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar;95(3):1370–1376.
  • Kucharzik T, Lugering N, Weigelt H, et al. Immunoregulatory properties of IL-13 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; comparison with IL-4 and IL-10. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996 Jun;104(3):483–490.
  • Hart PH, Ahern MJ, Smith MD, et al. Regulatory effects of IL-13 on synovial fluid macrophages and blood monocytes from patients with inflammatory arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1995 Mar;99(3):331–337.
  • Di GN, Kumar RK, Coroneo MT, et al. UVB-mediated induction of interleukin-6 and -8 in pterygia and cultured human pterygium epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Nov;43(11):3430–3437.
  • Chan MF, Sack R, Quigley DA, et al. Membrane array analysis of tear proteins in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Optom Vis Sci. 2011 Aug;88(8):1005–1009.
  • Massingale ML, Li X, Vallabhajosyula M, et al. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines in the tears of dry eye patients. Cornea. 2009 Oct;28(9):1023–1027.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, et al. Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and ocular injuries induced by sulfur mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Dec;9(13–14):1494–1498.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Ghassemi-Broumand M, et al. Long-term ocular consequences of sulfur mustard in seriously eye-injured war veterans. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2009;28(2):71–77.
  • Ghasemi H, Ghazanfari T, Yaraee R, et al. Long-term ocular consequences of sulfur mustard in lung-injured war veterans. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011 Jul 21: [PMID: 21774734].
  • Canataroglu H, Varinli I, Ozcan AA, et al. Interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-8 levels and cellular composition of the vitreous humor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2005 Sep;13(5):375–381.
  • Liu J, Shi B, He S, et al. Changes to tear cytokines of type 2 diabetic patients with or without retinopathy. Mol Vis. 2010 Dec 31;16: 2931–2938.
  • Zenkel M, Lewczuk P, Junemann A, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the initiation of the abnormal matrix process in pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma. Am J Pathol. 2010 Jun;176(6):2868–2879.
  • Tu KL, Kaye SB, Sidaras G, et al. Effect of intraocular surgery and ketamine on aqueous and serum cytokines. Mol Vis. 2007 Jul 12;13:1130–7.: 1130–1137.
  • Kuchtey J, Rezaei KA, Jaru-Ampornpan P, et al. Multiplex cytokine analysis reveals elevated concentration of interleukin-8 in glaucomatous aqueous humor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6441–6447.
  • Funk M, Kriechbaum K, Prager F, et al. Intraocular concentrations of growth factors and cytokines in retinal vein occlusion and the effect of therapy with bevacizumab. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Mar;50(3):1025–1032.
  • Yoshimura T, Sonoda KH, Sugahara M, et al. Comprehensive analysis of inflammatory immune mediators in vitreoretinal diseases. PLoS One. 2009 Dec 4;4(12):e8158.
  • Ozturk BT, Bozkurt B, Kerimoglu H, et al. Effect of serum cytokines and VEGF levels on diabetic retinopathy and macular thickness. Mol Vis. 2009 Sep; 19;15:1906–14.
  • Yoshida A, Elner SG, Bian ZM, et al. Differential chemokine regulation by Th2 cytokines during human RPE-monocyte coculture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Jun;42(7):1631–1638.
  • Simonini A, Moscucci M, Muller DW, et al. IL-8 is an angiogenic factor in human coronary atherectomy tissue. Circulation. 2000 Apr 4;101(13):1519–1526.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.