Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities and Cognitive Function in Latino Adults in Los Angeles

REFERENCES

• LarreaFA, FiskJD, GrahamJE, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia as defined by neuropsychological test performance. Neuroepidemiology 2000;19(3):121–129.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien JT. Vascular cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;14(9):724–733.
   Google Scholar
• RosamondW, FlegalK, FridayG, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics − 2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007;115(5):e69–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health. Cognitive and Emotional Health Project: The Healthy Brain. 24 July 2007. Available from: http://trans.nih.gov/cehp/ReviewDocs.htm
   Google Scholar
• BretelerMM, ClausJJ, GrobbeeDE, et al. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam Study. BMJ 1994;308(6944):1604–1608.
   Google Scholar
• CerhanJR, FolsomAR, MortimerJA, et al. Correlates of cognitive function in middle-aged adults. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Gerontology 1998;44(2):95–105.
   Google Scholar
• JohnstonSC, O’MearaES, ManolioTA, et al. Cognitive impairment and decline are associated with carotid artery disease in patients without clinically evident cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2004;140(4):237–247.
   Google Scholar
• MullerM, GrobbeeDE, AlemanA, et al. Cardiovascular disease and cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly men. Atherosclerosis 2007;190(1):143–149.
   Google Scholar
• GattoNM, HendersonVW, St JohnJA, et al. Subclinical atherosclerosis is weakly associated with lower cognitive function in healthy hyperhomocysteinemic adults without clinical cardiovascular disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24(4):390–399.
   Google Scholar
• PattonN, AslamT, MacgillivrayT, et al. Retinal vascular image analysis as a potential screening tool for cerebrovascular disease: a rationale based on homology between cerebral and retinal microvasculatures. J Anat 2005;206(4):319–348.
   Google Scholar
• WongTY, KleinR, KleinBE, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;46(1):59–80.
   Google Scholar
• KwaVI, van der SandeJJ, StamJ, et al. Retinal arterial changes correlate with cerebral small-vessel disease. Neurology 2002;59(10):1536–1540.
   Google Scholar
• TsoMO, Jampol LM. Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1982;89(10):1132–1145.
   Google Scholar
• BakerML, HandPJ, WongTY, et al. Retinopathy and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: insights into pathogenesis. Arch Neurol 2010;67(10):1224–1230.
   Google Scholar
• BakerML, WangJJ, LiewG, et al. Differential associations of cortical and subcortical cerebral atrophy with retinal vascular signs in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 2010;41(10):2143–2150.
   Google Scholar
• CheungN, MosleyT, IslamA, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and subclinical magnetic resonance imaging brain infarct: a prospective study. Brain 2010;133(Pt 7):1987–1993.
   Google Scholar
• KawasakiR, CheungN, MosleyT, et al. Retinal microvascular signs and 10-year risk of cerebral atrophy: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Stroke 2010;41(8):1826–1828.
   Google Scholar
• YatsuyaH, FolsomAR, WongTY, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and risk of lacunar stroke: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke 2010;41(7):1349–1355.
   Google Scholar
• LindleyRI, WangJJ, WongMC, et al. Retinal microvasculature in acute lacunar stroke: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 2009;8(7):628–634.
   Google Scholar
• McGeechanK, LiewG, MacaskillP, et al. Prediction of incident stroke events based on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009;170(11):1323–1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PattonN, PattieA, MacGillivrayT, et al. The association between retinal vascular network geometry and cognitive ability in an elderly population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(5):1995–2000.
   Google Scholar
• WongTY, KleinR, SharrettAR, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive impairment in middle-aged persons: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke 2002;33(6):1487–1492.
   Google Scholar
• BakerML, Marino LarsenEK, KullerLH, et al. Retinal microvascular signs, cognitive function, and dementia in older persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2007;38(7):2041–2047.
   Google Scholar
• de JongFJ, SchrijversEM, IkramMK, et al. Retinal vascular caliber and risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2011;76(9):816–821.
   Google Scholar
• LesageSR, MosleyTH, WongTY, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive decline: the ARIC 14-year follow-up study. Neurology 2009;73(11):862–868.
   Google Scholar
• LiewG, MitchellP, WongTY, et al. Retinal microvascular signs and cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57(10):1892–1896.
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. American Community Survey. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• US Bureau of the Census. We the American. Hispanics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• VarmaR, PazSH, AzenSP, et al. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmology 2004;111(6):1121–1131.
   Google Scholar
• TengEL, HasegawaK, HommaA, et al. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): a practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 1994;6(1):45–58; discussion 62.
   Google Scholar
• Teng EL, Hasegawa K, Homma A, Yukimichi I, Larson EB, Sasaki H, White LR. A practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia: The cognitive abilities screening instrument (CASI). In: Orimo H, Fukuchi Y, Kuramoto K, Iriki M, editors. New Horizons in Aging Science. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 326–327, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• MungasD, ReedBR, MarshallSC, et al. Development of psychometrically matched English and Spanish language neuropsychological tests for older persons. Neuropsychology 2000;14(2):209–223.
   Google Scholar
• MungasD, ReedBR, CranePK, et al. Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales (SENAS): further development and psychometric characteristics. Psychol Assess 2004;16(4):347–359.
   Google Scholar
• MungasD, ReedBR, HaanMN, et al. Spanish and English neuropsychological assessment scales: relationship to demographics, language, cognition, and independent function. Neuropsychology 2005;19(4):466–475.
   Google Scholar
• MungasD, ReedBR, Tomaszewski FariasS, et al. Criterion-referenced validity of a neuropsychological test battery: equivalent performance in elderly Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2005;11(5):620–630.
   Google Scholar
• KnudtsonMD, LeeKE, HubbardLD, et al. Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Curr Eye Res 2003;27(3):143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WongTY, KleinR, CouperDJ, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Lancet 2001;358(9288):1134–1140.
   Google Scholar
• WongTY, KleinR, NietoFJ, et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and 10-year cardiovascular mortality: a population-based case-control study. Ophthalmology 2003;110(5):933–940.
   Google Scholar
• GotoI, KatsukiS, IkuiH, et al. Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases. Stroke 1975;6(3):263–269.
   Google Scholar
• IkramMK, de JongFJ, VingerlingJR, et al. Are retinal arteriolar or venular diameters associated with markers for cardiovascular disorders? The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45(7):2129–2134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PruissenDM, GerritsenSA, PrinsenTJ, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness is different in large- and small-vessel ischemic stroke: the SMART study. Stroke 2007;38(4):1371–1373.
   Google Scholar