675
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Menopause

Menopause, estrogens and frailty

, , &
Pages 418-423 | Received 18 Oct 2012, Accepted 11 Nov 2012, Published online: 06 Feb 2013

References

  • Holinka CF, Karsdal MA, Christiansen C. Bone, cartilage and hormone therapy: established concepts and future scenarios. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2007;10:270–2
  • Palacios S, Christiansen C, Sánchez Borrego R, et al. Recommendations on the management of fragility fracture risk in women younger than 70 years. Gynecological Endocrinol Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28:770–86
  • Alexandersen P, Karsdal MA, Christiansen C. Long-term prevention with hormone-replacement therapy after the menopause: which women should be targeted? Women’s Health (London, England). 2009;5:637–47
  • Gruber DM, Huber JC. Conjugated estrogens – the natural SERMs. Gynecol Endocrinol Official J Int Soc Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13:9–12
  • Brown M, Ning J, Ferreira JA, et al. Estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta and aromatase knockout effects on lower limb muscle mass and contractile function in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009;296:E854–61
  • Velders M, Schleipen B, Fritzemeier KH, et al. Selective estrogen receptor-β activation stimulates skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. FASEB J 2012;26:1909–20
  • Paassilta M, Karjalainen A, Kervinen K, et al. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and IGF-I during oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy: relation to lipoprotein(a) levels. Atherosclerosis 2000;149:157–62
  • Hansen M, Miller BF, Holm L, et al. Effect of administration of oral contraceptives in vivo on collagen synthesis in tendon and muscle connective tissue in young women. J Appl Physiol 2009;106:1435–43
  • Sitnick M, Foley AM, Brown M, Spangenburg EE. Ovariectomy prevents the recovery of atrophied gastrocnemius skeletal muscle mass. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:286–93
  • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321–33
  • Tankó LB, Christiansen C. Adipose tissue, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation: implications for atherogenesis and the cardiovascular harm of estrogen plus progestogen therapy. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2006;9:169–80
  • Utian WH. A decade post WHI, menopausal hormone therapy comes full circle – need for independent commission. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2012;15:320–5
  • Shapiro S. The million women study: potential biases do not allow uncritical acceptance of the data. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2004;7:3–7
  • Komulainen M, Kröger H, Tuppurainen MT, et al. Identification of early postmenopausal women with no bone response to HRT: results of a five-year clinical trial. Osteoporosis Int 2000;11:211–8
  • Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Women’s Health 2006;15:35–44
  • Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007;297:1465–77
  • Zanzi I, Roginsky MS, Ellis KJ, et al. Proceedings: skeletal mass in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with forearm bone mineral content. Am J Roentgenol 1976;126:1305–6
  • Saville PD, Kharmosh O. Osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis: influence of age, sex: corticosteroids. Arthritis Rheumat 1967;10:423–30
  • Als OS, Gotfredsen A, Christiansen C. The effect of glucocorticoids on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Influence of menopausal state. Arthritis Rheumat 1985;28:369–75
  • Nelson HD, Walker M, Zakher B, Mitchell J. Menopausal hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions: a systematic review to update the U.S. preventive services task force recommendations. Ann Int Med 2012;157:104–13
  • Henriksen K, Bollerslev J, Everts V, Karsdal MA. Osteoclast activity and subtypes as a function of physiology and pathology – implications for future treatments of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2011;32:31–63
  • Shevde NK, Bendixen AC, Dienger KM, Pike JW. Estrogens suppress RANK ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation via a stromal cell independent mechanism involving c-Jun repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:7829–34
  • Srivastava S, Toraldo G, Weitzmann MN, et al. Estrogen decreases osteoclast formation by down-regulating receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced JNK activation. J Biol Chem 2001;276:8836–40
  • Sørensen MG, Henriksen K, Dziegiel MH, et al. Estrogen directly attenuates human osteoclastogenesis, but has no effect on resorption by mature osteoclasts. DNA Cell Biol 2006;25:475–83
  • Wend K, Wend P, Krum SA. Tissue-specific effects of loss of estrogen during menopause and aging. Frontiers Endocrinol 2012;3:19
  • Nakamura T, Imai Y, Matsumoto T, et al. Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell 2007;130:811–23
  • Khosla S, Oursler MJ, Monroe DG. Estrogen and the skeleton. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 2012;23:576–81
  • Martin TJ, Seeman E. New mechanisms and targets in the treatment of bone fragility. Clin Sci (London, England: 1979). 2007;112:77–91
  • Kohrt WM, Snead DB, Slatopolsky E, Birge SJ. Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1303–11
  • Milliken LA, Going SB, Houtkooper LB, et al. Effects of exercise training on bone remodeling, insulin-like growth factors, bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2003;72:478–84
  • Villareal DT, Binder EF, Yarasheski KE, et al. Effects of exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in frail elderly women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:985–90
  • Maddalozzo GF, Widrick JJ, Cardinal BJ, et al. The effects of hormone replacement therapy and resistance training on spine bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women. Bone 2007;40:1244–51
  • Heikkinen J, Kyllönen E, Kurttila-Matero E, et al. HRT and exercise: effects on bone density, muscle strength and lipid metabolism. A placebo controlled 2-year prospective trial on two estrogen-progestin regimens in healthy postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1997;26:139–49
  • Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Ferreira JA, et al. A rehabilitation exercise program induces severe bone mineral deficits in estrogen-deficient rats after extended disuse. Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2012;19:1267–76
  • Borer KT. Physical activity in the prevention and amelioration of osteoporosis in women: interaction of mechanical, hormonal and dietary factors. Sports Med (Auckland, NZ) 2005;35:779–830
  • Riesco E, Choquette S, Audet M, et al. Effect of exercise training combined with phytoestrogens on adipokines and C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Metabol Clin Exp 2012;61:273–80
  • Hansen M, Kongsgaard M, Holm L, et al. Effect of estrogen on tendon collagen synthesis, tendon structural characteristics, and biomechanical properties in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol 2009;106:1385–93
  • Pingel J, Fredberg U, Qvortrup K, et al. Local biochemical and morphological differences in human Achilles tendinopathy: a case control study. BMC Musculoskeletal Dis 2012;13:53
  • Finni T, Kovanen V, Ronkainen PHA, et al. Combination of hormone replacement therapy and high physical activity is associated with differences in Achilles tendon size in monozygotic female twin pairs. J Appl Physiol 2009;106:1332–7
  • Cook JL, Bass SL, Black JE. Hormone therapy is associated with smaller Achilles tendon diameter in active post-menopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007;17:128–32
  • Hansen M, Koskinen SO, Petersen SG, et al. Ethinyl oestradiol administration in women suppresses synthesis of collagen in tendon in response to exercise. J Physiol 2008;586:3005–16
  • Magnusson SP, Hansen M, Langberg H, et al. The adaptability of tendon to loading differs in men and women. Int J Exp Pathol 2007;88:237–40
  • Bryant AL, Clark RA, Bartold S, et al. Effects of estrogen on the mechanical behavior of the human Achilles tendon in vivo. J Appl Physiol 2008;105:1035–43
  • Faria A, Gabriel R, Abrantes J, et al. Ankle stiffness in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone therapy and menopause nature. Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc 2010;13:265–70
  • Chung KY, Baxa TJ, Parr SL, et al. Administration of estradiol, trenbolone acetate, trenbolone acetate/estradiol implants alters adipogenic and myogenic gene expression in bovine skeletal muscle. J Animal Sci 2012;90:1421–7
  • Hayden JM, Bergen WG, Merkel RA. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and serum growth hormone, insulin, and cortisol concentrations in growing steers implanted with estradiol-17 beta, trenbolone acetate, or estradiol-17 beta plus trenbolone acetate. J Animal Sci 1992;70:2109–19
  • Sørensen MB, Rosenfalck AM, Højgaard L, Ottesen B. Obesity and sarcopenia after menopause are reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy. Obesity Res 2001;9:622–6
  • Ronkainen PHA, Kovanen V, Alen M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy modifies skeletal muscle composition and function: a study with monozygotic twin pairs. J Appl Physiol 2009;107:25–33
  • Taaffe DR, Sipilä S, Cheng S, et al. The effect of hormone replacement therapy and/or exercise on skeletal muscle attenuation in postmenopausal women: a yearlong intervention. Clin Physiol Funct Imag 2005;25:297–304
  • Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011;10:12
  • Skelton DA, Phillips SK, Bruce SA, et al. Hormone replacement therapy increases isometric muscle strength of adductor pollicis in post-menopausal women. Clin Sci (London, England: 1979) 1999;96:357–64
  • Bemben DA, Langdon DB. Relationship between estrogen use and musculoskeletal function in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2002;42:119–27
  • Brown M, Birge SJ, Kohrt WM. Hormone replacement therapy does not augment gains in muscle strength or fat-free mass in response to weight-bearing exercise. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52:B166–70
  • Moran AL, Warren GL, Lowe DA. Removal of ovarian hormones from mature mice detrimentally affects muscle contractile function and myosin structural distribution. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:548–59
  • Phillips SK, Rook KM, Siddle NC, et al. Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Clin Sci (London, England: 1979) 1993;84:95–8
  • Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Lowe DA, Warren GL. Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:1071–81
  • Moran AL, Nelson SA, Landisch RM, et al. Estradiol replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced muscle contractile and myosin dysfunction in mature female mice. J Appl Physiol 2007;102:1387–93
  • Kadi F, Karlsson C, Larsson B, et al. The effects of physical activity and estrogen treatment on rat fast and slow skeletal muscles following ovariectomy. J Muscle Res Cell Motility 2002;23:335–9
  • Tiidus PM. Estrogen and gender effects on muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress. Can J Appl Physiol 2000;25:274–87
  • Tiidus PM, Holden D, Bombardier E, et al. Estrogen effect on post-exercise skeletal muscle neutrophil infiltration and calpain activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001;79:400–6
  • Enns DL, Tiidus PM. The influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle: sex matters. Sports Med (Auckland, NZ) 2010;40:41–58
  • MacNeil LG, Baker SK, Stevic I, Tarnopolsky MA. 17β-Estradiol attenuates exercise-induced neutrophil infiltration in men. AJP Regulatory Integrative Comparat Physiol 2011;300:R1443–51
  • Booth EA, Flint RR, Lucas KL, et al. Estrogen protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury via COX-2-derived PGI2. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008;52:228–35
  • Tiidus PM, Zajchowski S, Enns D, et al. Differential effect of oestrogen on post-exercise cardiac muscle myeloperoxidase and calpain activities in female rats. Acta Physiol Scand 2002;174:131–6
  • McNulty PH, Jagasia D, Whiting JM, Caulin-Glaser T. Effect of 6-wk estrogen withdrawal or replacement on myocardial ischemic tolerance in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circulat Physiol 2000;278:H1030–4
  • Bombardier E, Vigna C, Iqbal S, et al. Effects of ovarian sex hormones and downhill running on fiber-type-specific HSP70 expression in rat soleus. J Appl Physiol 2009;106:2009–15
  • Tiidus PM, Holden D, Bombardier E, et al. Estrogen effect on post-exercise skeletal muscle neutrophil infiltration and calpain activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001;79:400–6
  • Hackney AC, Muoio D, Meyer WR. The effect of sex steroid hormones on substrate oxidation during prolonged submaximal exercise in women. Jpn J Physiol 2000;50:489–94
  • Tarnopolsky MA. Sex differences in exercise metabolism and the role of 17-beta estradiol. Med Sci Sports Exercise 2008;40:648–54
  • Toth MJ, Gardner AW, Arciero PJ, et al. Gender differences in fat oxidation and sympathetic nervous system activity at rest and during submaximal exercise in older individuals. Clin Sci (London, England: 1979) 1998;95:59–66
  • Kraemer RR, Johnson LG, Haltom R, et al. Effects of hormone replacement on growth hormone and prolactin exercise responses in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol 1998;84:703–8
  • Johnson LG, Kraemer RR, Haltom R, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol responses to exercise in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1997;68:836–43
  • Salpeter SR, Walsh JME, Ormiston TM, et al. Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Obesity Metabol 2006;8:538–54

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.