Adverse events associated with botulinum toxin injection: A multidepartment, retrospective study of 5310 treatments administered to 1819 patients

References

• Verheyden J, Blitzer A. Other noncosmetic uses of BOTOX. Dis Mon. 2002;48:357–366.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American society for Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2007 ASAPS statistics. New York: ASAPS, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• James WD, Berger T, Eliston D. Andrews' diseases of the skin. WB Saunders, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Youn SW, Seo KI, Yoo JY, Park KC, Eun HC. A clinical study of facial wrinkles affected by facial expression muscles treated with botulinum Toxin(Botox(R)). Korean J Dermatol. 2002;40:386–392.
   Google Scholar
• Schantz EJ, Johnson EA. Properties and use of botulinum toxin and other microbial neurotoxins in medicine. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1992;56:80–99.
   Google Scholar
• Thenganatt MA, Fahn S. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of movement disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2012;12:399–409.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Alegre P, Kelkar P, Rodnitzky RL. Isolated high-frequency jaw tremor relieved by botulinum toxin injections. Mov Dis. 2006;21:1049–1050.
   Google Scholar
• Elston JS. Botulinum toxin treatment of blepharospasm. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:579–581.
   Google Scholar
• Elston JS, Russell RW. Effect of treatment with botulinum toxin on neurogenic blepharospasm. BMJ. 1985;290:1857–1859.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smyth AG. Botulinum toxin treatment of bilateral masseteric hypertrophy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;32:29–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long H, Liao Z, Wang Y, Liao L, Lai W. Efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism: an evidence-based review. Int Den J. 2012;62:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colosimo C, Tiple D, Berardelli A. Efficacy and safety of long-term botulinum toxin treatment in craniocervical dystonia: a systematic review. Neurotox Res. 2012;22:265–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marion MH, Sheehy M, Sangla S, Soulayrol S. Dose standardisation of botulinum toxin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;59:102–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odergren T, Hjaltason H, Kaakkola S, Solders G, Hanko J, Fehling C, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport and Botox in the treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64:6–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carruthers JD, Lowe NJ, Menter MA, Gibson J, Eadie N, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for patients with glabellar lines. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:1089–1098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascher B, Rzany BJ, Grover R. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lateral crow's feet: double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35:1478–1486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumann M, Albanese A, Heinen F, Molenaers G, Relja M. Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A following long-term use. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Zhao G, Li H, Zheng Z, Zhong S, Yang Z, et al. Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines in Chinese: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36:102–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prager W, Huber-Vorlander J, Taufig AZ, Imhof M, Kühne U, Weissberg R, et al. Botulinum toxin type A treatment to the upper face: retrospective analysis of daily practice. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2012;5:53–58.
   Google Scholar
• Tsui JK, Eisen A, Stoessl AJ, Calne S, Calne DB. Double-blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. Lancet. 1986;2:245–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelb DJ, Lowenstein DH, Aminoff MJ. Controlled trial of botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Neurology. 1989;39:80–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savino PJ, Sergott RC, Bosley TM, Schatz NJ. Hemifacial spasm treated with botulinum A toxin injection. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103:1305–1306.
   Google Scholar
• Elston JS. Botulinum toxin treatment of hemifacial spasm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49:827–829.
   Google Scholar
• Blackie JD, Lees AJ. Botulinum toxin treatment in spasmodic torticollis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:640–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth JR, Kraft SP. Long-term changes in duration of relief with botulinum toxin treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:2036–2040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft SP, Lang AE. Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin. CMAJ. 1988;139:837–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor JD, Kraft SP, Kazdan MS, Flanders M, Cadera W, Orton RB. Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: a Canadian multicentre study. Can J Ophthalmol. 1991;26:133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft SP, Lang AE. Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and eyelid fasciculations. Can J Neurol Sci. 1988;15:276–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill HS, Kraft SP. Long-term efficacy of botulinum a toxin for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37:631–636.
   Google Scholar
• Kerscher M, Roll S, Becker A, Wigger-Alberti W. Comparison of the spread of three botulinum toxin type A preparations. Arch Dermatol Res. 2012;304:155–161.
   Google Scholar
• Sampaio C, Costa J, Ferreira JJ. Clinical comparability of marketed formulations of botulinum toxin. Mov Disord. 2004;19:S129–S136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsai S, Adrian R, Hammes S, Thimm J, Raulin C. A randomized double-blind study of the effect of Botox and Dysport/Reloxin on forehead wrinkles and electromyographic activity. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:1447–1449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carruthers JA, Lowe NJ, Menter MA Gibson J, Nordquist M, Mordaunt J, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:840–849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timothy RC, Aparna KM, Jacquelyn AP, Marc KW, Miles Braun M. Botulinum toxin type A injections: Adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:407–415.
   Google Scholar