42
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Exogenous ochronosis

An overview

&
Pages 21-26 | Received 25 Mar 1996, Accepted 04 Oct 1996, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Hoshaw R A, et al. Ochronosis-like pigmentation from hydroquinone bleaching creams in American Blacks. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121: 105–8
  • Cullison D, et al. Localized exogenous ochronosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 8: 882–9
  • Penneys N S. Ochronosis-like pigmentation from hydroquinone bleaching creams. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121: 1239–40, (letter)
  • Lawrence N, et al. Exogenous ochronosis in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18: 1207–11
  • Connor T, Braunstein B. Hyperpigmentation following the use of bleaching creams. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123(1)105
  • Fisher A A. Tetracycline treatment for sarcoid-like ochronosis due to hydroquinone. Cutis 1988; 42: 19–20
  • Carey A B, et al. Bleaching cream associated exogenous ochronosis. Presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology, Washington, DC, 30 November-2 December 1988. J Cittern Pathol 1988; 15(5)299
  • Howard K L, Furner B B. Exogenous ochronosis in a Mexican-American woman. Cutis 1990; 45: 180–2
  • Diven D G, et al. Hydroquinone-induced localized exogenous ochronosis treated with dermabrasion and CCs laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990; 16: 1018–22
  • Davis T L, et al (1990) Exogenous ochronosis occurring in a male. Presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology. 28–30 November, 1990. J Cutan Pathol, Atlanta, Ceorgia, 17: 290, 5
  • Martin R F, et al. Exogenous ochronosis. PR Health Set J 1992; 11(1)23–6
  • Snider R L, Thiers B H. Exogenous ochronosis. J. Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28: 662–4
  • Maibach H I. Advisory report to the Llydroquinone Task Group: Clinical experience with skin lightening preparations and ochronosis. Expert panel of dermatologists, Atlanta, GA 5 December, 1990
  • Kelly A P. Forum on Hydroquinone Induced Onchronosis. Los Angeles, CA 9 August, 1987, unpublished summary letter].
  • McDonald C. Forum on Hydroquinone Induced Ochronosis. Providence, RI 11 August, 1987, [unpublished summary letter)
  • Findlay G H, et al. Exogenous ochronosis and pigmented colloid milium from hydroquinone bleach creams. Br J Dermatol 1975; 93: 613–22
  • Dogliotti M, Leibowitz M. Granulomatous ochronosis - a cosmetic-induced skin disorder in Blacks. S. Afr Med J 1979; 53: 757–60
  • Findlay G H, DeBeer H A. Chronic hydroquinone poisoning of the skin from skin-lightening cosmetics. 5. Afr Med J 1980; 54: 187–90
  • Engasser P G, Maibach H I. Cosmetics and dermatology: bleaching creams. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 5: 143–7
  • Phillips J, et al. Ochronosis in Black South Africans who used skin lightner. Am J Dermatol 1986; 8: 14–21
  • O'Donoghue M N, et al. Ochronosis due to hydroquinone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 8: 123
  • Olumide Y M. Photodermatoses in Lagos. Int J Dermatol 1987; 26: 295–9
  • Thomas A E, Gisburn M A. Exogenous ochronosis and myxoedema from resorcinol. Br J Dermatol 1961; 73: 378–81
  • Marty J P, Trouvin J H, Jacquot C, et al. Percutaneous pharmacokinetics of 14C-hydroquinone. C. R Congr Eur Biopharm Pharmacocinet 1981; 2: 221–8, (translation).
  • Bucks D AW, McMaster J R, Guy R H., et al. Percutaneous absorption of hydroquinone in humans: Effect of 1-dodecylazacycloheptane-2-one (Azone) and the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 4-(dimethylamino) benzoic acid (Escalol 507). J Toxicol Environ Health, 24: 279–89
  • Snell D, et al. Hydroquinone penetration rate from Cleartone Extra Skin Lightening Cream and formulations based on HE MAN Skin Lightener Extra Strong Lotion. Victoria College of Pharmacy Ltd. 1984, Report
  • Webster Maibach R. H. Regional variation in percutaneous absorption. Percutaneous absorption, R L Bronaugh, H L Maibach. Marcel Dekker, New York 1989; 111–20

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.