285
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON RAT CORNEA

Effects of low level electromagnetic field exposure at 2.45 GHz on rat cornea

, , , , &
Pages 243-249 | Received 30 Jul 2012, Accepted 23 Nov 2012, Published online: 04 Jan 2013

References

  • Abuelhija M, Weng CC, Shetty G, Meistrich ML. 2012. Differences in radiation sensitivity of recovery of spermatogenesis between rat strains. Toxicological Sciences 126:545–553.
  • Acharya MM, Christie LA, Lan ML, Giedzinski E, Fike JR, Rosi S, Limoli CL. 2011. Human neural stem cell transplantation ameliorates radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Cancer Research 71:4834–4845.
  • Agashiwala RM, Louis ED, Hof PR, Perl DP. 2008. A novel approach to non-biased systematic random sampling: A stereologic estimate of Purkinje cells in the human cerebellum. Brain Research 21: 73–78.
  • Akram A, Christoffel D, Rocher AB, Bouras C, Kovari E, Perl DP, Morrison JH, Herrmann FR, Haroutunian V, Giannakopoulos P, Hof PR. 2008. Stereologic estimates of total spinophilin-immunoreactive spine number in area 9 and the CA1 field: Relationship with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 29:1296–1307.
  • Avci B, Akar A, Bilgici B, Tunçel OK. 2012. Oxidative stress induced by 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and effects of the garlic extract in rats. International Journal of Radiation Biology 88:799–805.
  • Balci M, Devrim E, Durak I. 2007. Effects of mobile phones on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens of rats. Current Eye Research 32:21–25.
  • Bazan HEP. 2005. Cellular and molecular events in corneal wound healing: Significance of lipid signalling. Experimental Eye Research 80:453–463.
  • Bibiana JR, Ignacio TS, Wang Y, Taban M, Graff JM, Sweet P, Chen Z, Chuck RS. 2005. In-vitro measurement of rabbit corneal epithelial thickness using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography. Veterinary Ophthalmology 8:85–88.
  • Brandt JD, Beiser JA, Gordon MO, Kass MA, and The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) Group 2004. Central corneal thickness and measured IOP response to topical ocular hypotensive medication in the ocular hypertension treatment study. American Journal of Ophthalmology 138:717–722.
  • Brandt JD, Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Shan CL, Alexander MY, Kass MA. 2008. Changes in central corneal thickness over time. Ophthalmology 115:1550–1556.
  • Buccella C, De Santis V, Feliziani M. 2007. Prediction of temperature increase in human eyes due to RF sources. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 49:825–833.
  • Chalfin S, D’Andrea JA, Comeau PD, Belt ME, Hatcher DJ. 2002. Millimeter wave absorption in the nonhuman primate eye at 35 GHz and 94 GHz. Health Physics 83:83–90.
  • Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Aksen F, Yılmaz F, Bashan M, Dasdag MM, Celik MS. 2003. Whole body exposure of rats to microwaves emitted from a cell phone does not affect the testes. Bioelectromagnetics 24: 182–188.
  • Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Yegin D. 2008. Mobile phone exposure does not induce apoptosis on spermatogenesis in rats. Archives of Medical Research 39:40–44.
  • Dohlman CH. 1971. The function of the corneal epithelium in health and disease. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 10: 383–407.
  • Dovrat A, Berenson R, Bormusov E, Lahav A, Lustman T, Sharon N, Schächter L. 2005. Localised effects of microwave radiation on the intact eye lens in culture conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 26: 398–405.
  • Elder JA. 2003. Ocular effects of radiofrequency energy. Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 6:148–216.
  • Esmekaya MA, Seyhan N, Omeroglu S. 2010. Pulse modulated 900 MHz radiation induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: A light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study. International Journal of Radiation Biology 86:1106–1116.
  • Ferreira AR, Bonatto F, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA, Polydoro M, Dal-Pizzol F, Fernandez C, de Salles AA, Moreira JC. 2006a. Oxidative stress effects on the central nervous system of rats after acute exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 27:487–493.
  • Gatinel D, Racine L, Hoang-Xuan T. 2007. Contribution of the corneal epithelium to anterior corneal topography in patients having myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 33:1860–1865.
  • Goats GC. 1990. Physiotherapy treatment modalities microwave diathermy. British Journal of Sports Medicine 24:212–218.
  • Herman DC, Hodge DO, Bourne WM. 2006. Changes in corneal thickness in patients with treated and untreated ocular hypertension. Cornea 25:639–643.
  • Hindman HB, Swanton JN, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Huxlin KR. 2010. Differences in the TGF-{beta}1-induced profibrotic response of anterior and posterior corneal keratocytes in vitro. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 51:1935–1942.
  • International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Physics 74:494–522.
  • International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2009. Exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields, biological effects and health consequences (100 kHz–300 GHz) – review of the scientific evidence and health consequences. Available http://www.icnirp.de/documents/RFReview.pdf
  • Karadayi K, Ciftci F, Akin T, Bilge AH. 2005. Increase in central corneal thickness in dry and normal eyes with application of artificial tears: A new diagnostic and follow-up criterion for dry eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 25:485–491.
  • Kanellopoulos AJ, Aslanides IM, Asimellis G. 2012. Correlation between epithelial thickness in normal corneas, untreated ectatic corneas,and ectatic corneas previously treated with CXL; is overall epithelial thickness a very early ectasia prognostic factor?Clinical Ophthalmology 6:789–800.
  • Kenchegowda S, Bazan HEP. 2010. Significance of lipid mediators in corneal injury and repair. Journal of Lipid Research 51:879–89.
  • Kojima M, Hata I, Wake K, Watanabe S, Yamanaka Y, Kamimura Y, Taki M, Sasaki K. 2004. Influence of anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 25:228–233.
  • Kojima M, Hanazawa M, Yamashiro Y, Sasaki H, Watanabe S, Taki M, Suzuki Y, Hirata A, Kamimura Y, Sasaki K. 2009. Acute ocular injuries caused by 60-GHz millimeter-wave exposure. Health Physics 97:212–218.
  • Kues HA, Hirst LW, Lutty GA, D’Anna SA, Dunkelberger GR. 1985. Effects of 2.45-GHz microwaves on primate corneal endothelium. Bioelectromagnetics 6:177–188.
  • Kues HA, Monhan JC, D’Anna SA, McLeod DS, Lutty GA, Koslow S. 1992. Increased sensitivity of the non-human primate eye to microwave radiation following ophthalmic drug pretreatment. Bioelectromagnetics 13:379–394.
  • Kwee S, Raskmark P. 1998. Changes in cell proliferation due to environmental nonionising radiation. 2.Microwave radiation. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 44:251–255.
  • Kwee S, Reskmark P, Veltzerov S. 2001. Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental nonionizing radiation. Electro- and Magnetobiology 20:141–152.
  • Lee S, Johnson D, Dunbar K, Dong H, Ge X, Kim YC, Wing C, Jayathilaka N, Emmanuel N, Zhou CQ, Gerber HL, Tseng CC, Wang SM. 2005. 2. 45 GHz radiofrequency fields alter gene expression in cultured human cells. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters 579:4829–4836.
  • Lu ST, Mathur SP, Stuck B, Zwick H, D’Andrea JA, Ziriax JM, Merritt JH, Lutty G, McLeod DS, Johnson M. 2000. Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the rhesus monkey. Bioelectromagnetics 21:439–454.
  • Lu ST, D’Andrea JA, Chalfin S, Crane C, Marchello D, Garay R, Hatcher D, Ziriax J. 2010. Absence of corneal endothelium injury in non-human primates treated with and without ophthalmologic drugs and exposed to 2.8 GHz pulsed microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 31:324–333.
  • Manchester PT. 1970. Hydration of the cornea. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 68:425–461.
  • Reid B, Song B, McCaig CD, Zhao M. 2005. Wound healing in rat cornea: The role of electric currents. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 19:379–386.
  • Ringvold A, Anderssen E, Kjonniksen I. 2003. Impact of the environment on the mammalian corneal epithelium. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 44:10–15.
  • Saito K, Saiga T, Suzuki K. 1998. Reversible irritative effect of acute 2.45GHz microwave exposure on rabbit eyes – a preliminary evaluation. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 23:197–203.
  • Velizarov S, Raskmark P, Kwee S. 1999. The effects of radiofrequency fields on cell proliferation are nonthermal. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 48:177–180.
  • Wake K, Hongo H, Watanabe S, Taki M, Kamimura Y, Yamanaka Y, Uno T, Kojima M, Hata I, Sasaki K. 2007. Development of a 2.45-GHz local exposure system for in vivo study on ocular effects. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 55:588–596.
  • Weibel ER, Kistler GS, Scherle WF. 1966. Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. The Journal of Cell Biology 30:23–38.
  • Wu W, Yao K, Wang KJ, Lu DQ, He JL, Xu LH, Sun WJ. 2008. Blocking 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation-induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in lens epithelial cells by noise magnetic fields. Journal of Zhejiang University 37:34–38.
  • Yao K, Wang KJ, Sun ZH, Tan J, Xu W, Zhu LJ, Lu DQ. 2004. Low power microwave radiation inhibits the proliferation of rabbit lens epithelial cells by upregulating P27Kip1 expression. Molecular Vision 10:138–143.
  • Yao K, Wu W, Yu Y, Zeng Q, He J, Lu D, Wang K. 2008. Effect of superposed electromagnetic noise on lens epithelial cells induced by microwave radiation. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 49:2009–2015.
  • Yurekli AI, Ozkan M, Kalkan T, Saybasili H, Tuncel H, Atukeren P, Gumustas K, Seker S. 2006. GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 25:177–188.
  • Yoruk O, Dane S, Ucuncu H, Aktan B, Can I. 2009. Stereological evaluation of laryngeal cancers using computed tomography via the Cavalieri method: Correlation between tumor volume and number of neck lymph node metastases. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 20:1504–1507.
  • Zhao TY, Zou SP, Knapp PE. 2007. Exposure to cell phone radiation up-regulates apoptosis genes in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. Neuroscience Letters 412:34–38.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.