A new manual muscle test for assessing the entire trapezius muscle

REFERENCES

• Bagg SD, Forrest WJ 1986 Electromyographic study of the scapular rotators during arm abduction in the scapular plane. American Journal of Physical Medicine 65: 111–124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bagg SD, Forrest WJ 1988 A biomechanical analysis of scapular rotation during arm abduction in the scapular plane. American Journal of Physical Medicine 67: 238–245
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne BT, O'Hare SJ, Paschall JL, Pavia-Smith MM, Pitz AM, Gillon JF, Soderberg GL 1993 Electromyographic activity of selected shoulder muscles in commonly used therapeutic exercises. Physical Therapy 73: 668–682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celik D, Sirmen B, Demirhan M 2011 The relationship of muscle strength and pain in subacromial impingement syndrome. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 45: 79–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Danneels LA, Cambier DC 2003 Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: Trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptoms. American Journal of Sports Medicine 31: 542–549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Vanderstraeten GG, Cambier DC 2004 Evaluation of isokinetic force production and associated muscle activity in the scapular rotators during a protraction-retraction movement in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. British Journal of Sports Medicine 38: 64–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL 2003 Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 33: 247–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA 2005 Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 15: 418–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray H 2000 Anatomy of the Human Body, 20th edn. Philadelphia, PA, Lea & Febiger
   Google Scholar
• Hislop H, Montgomery J 2007 Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing, 9th edn. Philadelphia, PA, Elsevier
   Google Scholar
• Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC 1996 Observations of the function of the shoulder joint. 1944. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 3–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Tibone JE, Perry J 1984 An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching. A second report. American Journal of Sports Medicine 12: 218–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson G, Bogduk N, Nowitzke A, House D 1994 Anatomy and actions of the trapezius muscle. Clinical Biomechanics 9: 44–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P 1993 Muscles: Testing and Function, 4th edn. Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins
   Google Scholar
• Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P, Rodgers M, Romani W 2005 Muscles, Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain, 5th edn. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
   Google Scholar
• Knutson LM, Soderberg GL, Ballantyne BT, Clarke WR 1994 A study of various normalization procedures for within day electromyographic data. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 4: 47–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF 2009 The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 39: 90–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean L, Chislett M, Keith M, Murphy M, Walton P 2003 The effect of head position, electrode site, movement and smoothing window in the determination of a reliable maximum voluntary activation of the upper trapezius muscle. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 13: 169–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michener LA, Boardman ND, Pidcoe PE, Frith AM 2005 Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: Reliability and construct validity. Physical Therapy 85: 1128–1138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann D 2009 Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, Foundation for Physical Rehabilitation, 2nd edn. Mosby, Elsevier
   Google Scholar
• Phadke V, Camargo P, Ludewig P 2009 Scapular and rotator cuff muscle activity during arm elevation: A review of normal function and alterations with shoulder impingement. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia 13: 1–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith J, Padgett DJ, Kaufman KR, Harrington SP, An KN, Irby SE 2004 Rhomboid muscle electromyography activity during 3 different manual muscle tests. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85: 987–992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith M, Sparkes V, Busse M, Enright S 2009 Upper and lower trapezius muscle activity in subjects with subacromial impingement symptoms: Is there imbalance and can taping change it? Physical Therapy in Sport 10: 45–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderberg GL, Knutson LM 2000 A guide for use and interpretation of kinesiologic electromyographic data. Physical Therapy 80: 485–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedenbauer MM, Mortensen OA 1952 An electromyographic study of the trapezius muscle. American Journal of Physical Medicine 31: 363–372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter D, Fuglevand A, Archer S 1994 Cross-talk in surface electromyography: Theoretical and practical estimates. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 4: 15–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar