1,894
Views
125
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Functionality of specific foods

Wheat germ: not only a by-product

&
Pages 71-74 | Published online: 11 Nov 2011

References

  • Amadò R, Arrigoni F. 1992. Nutritive and functional properties of wheat germ. Int Food Ingred. 4:30–34.
  • Andlauer W, Fürst P. 1998. Antioxidative power of phytochemicals with special reference to cereals. Cereal Food World. 43:356–360.
  • Arshad MU, Anjum FM, Zahoor T. 2007. Nutritional assessment of cookies supplemented with defatted wheat germ. Food Chem. 102:123–128.
  • Bajaj M, Kaur A, Sidhu JS. 1991. Studies on the development of nutritious cookies utilizing sunflower kernels and wheat germ. Plant Food Hum Nutr. 41:381–387.
  • Barnes PJ. 1982. Composition of cereal germ preparations. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 174:467–471.
  • Barnes PJ. 1983. Wheat germ oil. In: Barnes PJ. editors. Lipids in Cereal Technology. London: Academic Press389–400.
  • Cakmakli V, Kose E, Kemahlioglu K. 1995. Effects of addition of crude and stabilized wheat germ together with a mixture of improvers on dough and bread characteristics. GIDA. 20:243–248.
  • Cara L, Dubois C, Borel P, Armand M, Senft M, Portugal H, Pauli AM, Bernard PM, Lairon D. 1992. Effects of oat bran, rice bran, wheat fiber, and wheat germ on postprandial lipemia in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 55:81–88.
  • Dubois M, Geddes WF, Smith F. 1960. The carbohydrates of the Gramineae. X. A quantitative study of the carbohydrates of wheat germ. Cereal Chem. 37:557–568.
  • Dunford NT. 2004. Effects of oil and oilseed processing techniques on bioactive compounds. In: Dunford NT, Dunford HB. editors. Nutritionally Enhanced Oil and Oilseed Processing. Champaign: AOCS Press25–37.
  • Dunford NT, Zhang M. 2003. Pressurized solvent extraction of wheat germ oil. Food Res Int. 36:905–909.
  • Eisenmenger M, Dunford NT. 2008. Bioactive components of commercial and supercritical carbon dioxide processed wheat germ oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 85:55–61.
  • Eisenmenger M, Dunford NT, Eller F, Taylor S, Martinez J. 2006. Pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of wheat germ oil. JAOCS. 83:863–868.
  • Ge Y, Sun A, Ni Y, Cai T. 2000. Some nutritional and functional properties of defatted wheat germ protein. J Agric Food Chem. 48:6215–6218.
  • Gnanasambandan R, Zayas JF. 1992. Functionality of wheat germ protein in comminuted meat products as compared with corn germ and soy proteins. J Food Sci. 57:829–833.
  • Gnanasambandan R, Zayas JF. 1994. Quality characteristics of meat batters and frankfurters containing wheat germ protein flour. J Food Qual. 1:129–142.
  • Grela ER. 1996. Nutrient composition and content of antinutritional factors in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) cultivars. J Sci Food Agric. 71:399–404.
  • Halliwell B, Murcia MA, Chirico S, Aroma OI. 1995. Free radicals and antioxidants in foods and in vivo: what they do and how they work. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 35:7–20.
  • Hargin KD, Morrison WR. 1980. The distribution of acyl lipids in the germ, aleurone, starch and non-starch endosperm of four wheat varieties. J Sci Food Agric. 31:877–888.
  • Hassan HMM, Afify AS, Basyiony AE, Ahmed GT. 2010. Nutritional and functional properties of defatted wheat protein isolates. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 4:348–358.
  • Hassanein MM, Abedel-Razek AG. 2009. Chromatographic quantitation of some bioactive minor components in oils of wheat germ and grape seeds produced as by-products. J Oleo Sci. 58:227–233.
  • Hemery Y, Rouau X, Lullien-Pellerin V, Barron C, Abecassis J. 2007. Dry processes to develop wheat fractions and products with enhanced nutritional quality. J Cereal Sci. 46:327–347.
  • Hidalgo A, Brandolini A. 2008. Protein, ash, lutein and tocols distribution in einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) seed fractions. Food Chem. 107:444–448.
  • Hidalgo A, Brandolini A, Pompei C, Piscozzi R. 2006. Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp monococcum L.). J Cereal Sci. 44:182–193.
  • Hidalgo A, Brandolini A, Ratti S. 2009. Influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of Triticum monococcum. J Agric Food Chem. 57:6342–6348.
  • Irmak S, Dunford NT, Milligan J. 2006. Policosanol contents of beeswax, sugar cane and wheat extracts. Food Chem. 95:312–318.
  • Itoh T, Tamura T, Matsumoto T. 1973. Sterol composition of 19 vegetable oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 48:2987–2996.
  • Kahlon T. 1989. Nutritional implications and uses of wheat and oat kernel oil. Cereal Food World. 34:872–875.
  • Malecka M. 2002. Antioxidant properties of the unsaponifiable matter isolated from tomato seeds, oat grains and wheat germ oil. Food Chem. 79:327–330.
  • Nyström L, Paasonen A, Lampi A-M, Piironen V. 2007. Total plant sterols, steryl ferulates and steryl glycosides in milling fractions of wheat and rye. J Cereal Sci. 45:106–115.
  • Palozza P, Krinsky NI. 1992. Antioxidants effects of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro: an overview. Method Enzymol. 213:403–452.
  • Panfili G, Cinquanta L, Fratianni A, Cubadda R. 2003. Extraction of wheat germ oil by supercritical CO2: oil and defatted cake characterization. JAOCS. 80:157–161.
  • Pietrzak LN, Collins FW. 1996. Comparison of fluorometric reagents for microspectrofluorometric determination of flavonoid glycosides in wheat germ. J Cereal Sci. 23:85–91.
  • Pomeranz Y. 1988. Chemical composition of kernel structures. In: Pomeranz Y. editors. Wheat: Chemistry and Technology. Vol. 1. St. Paul: American Association of Cereal Chemists. p 97–158.
  • Posner ES. 1985. The technology of wheat germ separation in flour mills. Bull Ass Operative Millers. October:4577–4592.
  • Posner ES, Li YZ. 1991. A technique for separation of wheat germ by impacting and subsequent grinding. J Cereal Sci. 13:49–70.
  • Rizzello CG, Nionelli L, Coda R, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. 2010. Effect of sourdough fermentation on stabilisation, and chemical and nutritional characteristics of wheat germ. Food Chem. 119:1079–1089.
  • Turnbough JM, Baldwin RE. 1986. Enhancing the nutritive value and appearance of microwave-baked muffins. Microwave World. 7:7–9,15.
  • Wang T, Johnson LA. 2001. Refining high-free fatty acid wheat germ oil. JAOCS. 78:71–76.
  • Zalatnai A, Lapis K, Szende B, Rásó E, Telekes A, Resetár A, Hidvégi M. 2001. Wheat germ extract inhibits experimental colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 22:1649–1652.
  • Zhu K-X, Zhou H-M, Qian H-F. Proteins extracted from defatted wheat germ: nutritional and structural properties. Cereal Chem. 2006a; 83:69–75.
  • Zhu K-X, Zhou H-M, Qian H-F. Comparative study of chemical composition and physicochemical properties of defatted wheat germ flour and its protein isolate. J Food Biochem. 2006b; 30:329–341.
  • Zhu K-X, Lian C-X, Guo X-N, Peng W, Zhou H-M. 2011. Antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of various extracts from defatted wheat germ. Food Chem. 126:1122–1126.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.