Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep in Patients with Fibromyalgia

References

• Goldenberg DL: Fibromyalgia syndrome—an emerg-ing but controversial condition. JAMA 257:2782–2787, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P, England R, Smythe, H: Musculoskeletal symptoms and non-REM sleep dis-turbance in patients with "fibrositis" syndrome and healthy subjects. Psychosom Med 37:341–351, 1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett RM: The fibrositis-fibromyalgia syndrome. In Schumacher HR (ed): Primer on the Rheumatic Dis-eases. Atlanta, Arthritis Foundation, 1988, pp 227–230
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bom-bardier C, Goldenberg DL, Tugwell P, Campbell SM, Abeles M, Clark P, Fam AG, Farber SJ, Fiechtner JJ, Franklin CM, Gatter RA, Hamaty D, Lessard J, Licht-broun AS, Masi AT, McCain GA, Reynolds WJ, Ro-mano TJ, Russell U, Sheon RP: The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis 33:160–172, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe F: Fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 16:681–698, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Holt GS, Masi AT, Aldag JC: Fibromyalgia syndrome among the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 36:987–995, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cathey MA, Wolfe F, Kleinheksel SM, Hawley DJ: Socioeconomic impact of fibrositis—a study of 81 pa-tients with primary fibrositis. Am J Med 81(suppl 3A):78-84, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Goldenberg DL: An overview of psychologic studies in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 16\(suppl 19):12–14, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Kirmayer LJ, Robbins JM, Kapusta MA: Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome. Am J Psy-chiatry 145:950–954, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirmayer LJ, Robbins JM: Functional somatic syn-dromes. In Kirmayer LJ, Robbins JM (eds): Current Concepts of Somatization. Washington, DC, Ameri-can Psychiatric Press, 1991, pp 79–106
   Google Scholar
• Hudson JI, Hudson MS, Pliner LF, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG: Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: A controlled phenomenology and family history study. Am J Psychiatry 142:441–446, 1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson JI, Pope HG: Fibromyalgia and psychopa-thology: Is fibromyalgia a form of "affective spectrum disorder?" J Rheumatol 16\(suppl 19):15–22, 1989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldenberg DL: Psychological symptoms and psychi-atric diagnosis in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheu-matol 16\(suppl 19):127–130, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed rev. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1987, pp 333–334
   Google Scholar
• Montplaisir J, Godbout R: Restless legs syndrome and periodic movements during sleep. In Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds): Principles of Practice of Sleep Medicine, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1989, pp 402–409
   Google Scholar
• Frederickson PA, Krueger BR: Insomnia associated with specific polysomnographic findings. In Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds): Principles of Practice of Sleep Medicine, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1989, pp 476–489
   Google Scholar
• Coleman RM, Roffwarg HP, Kennedy SJ, Guillemi-nault C, Cinque J, Cohn MA, Karacan I, Kupfer DJ, Lemmi H, Miles LE, Orr WC, Phillips ER, Roth T, Sassin JF, Schmidt HS, Weitzman ED, Dement WC: Sleep-wake disorders based on a polysomnographic diagnosis. JAMA 247:997–1003, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman RM, Miles ME, Guilleminault CC, Zarcone VP, van den Hoed J, Dement WC: Sleep-wake dis-orders in the elderly: A polysomnographic analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 29:289–296, 1981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosko S, Zetin M, Glen S, Garber D, DeAntonio M, Sassin J, McAnich J, Warren S: Self-reported depres-sive symptomatology, mood ratings, and treatment outcome in sleep disorders patients. J Clin Psychol 45:51–60, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds CF, Coble PA, Spiker DG, Neil JF, Holzer BC, Kupfer DJ: Prevalence of sleep apnea and noc-turnal myoclonus in major affective disorders: Clinical and polysomnographic findings. J Nerv Ment Dis 170:565–567, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed rev. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1987, pp 300–304
   Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Tullis MA, Lue FA, Quance G, Davidson J: Sleep-related myoclonus in rheumatic pain modu-lation disorder (fibrositis syndrome) and in excessive daytime somnolence. Psychosom Med 46:145–151, 1984
   Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H, Tullis C, Lue FA: Sleep related my-oclonus in rheumatic pain modulation disorder (fi-brositis syndrome). J Rheumatol 13:614–617, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Masi AT, Calabro JJ, Miller KA, Feigen-baum SL: Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls. Semin Arthritis Rheum 11:151–171, 1981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erwin CW, Marsh GR: Ambulatory polysomnography in the study of patients with disorders of initiating a maintaining sleep. Semin Neurol 10:123–130, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (eds): A Manual of Stan-dardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring Sys-tem for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. UCLA, Brain Information Service, 1968
   Google Scholar
• Hoelscher TJ, McCall WV, Powell J, Marsh GR, Erwin CW: Two methods of scoring sleep with the Oxford Medilog 9000: comparison to conventional paper scor-ing. Sleep 12:133–139, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Coleman RM: Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and restless legs syndrome. In Guille-minault C (ed): Sleeping and Waking Disorders: In-dications and Techniques. Menlo Park, CA, Addison Wesley, 1982, pp 265–295
   Google Scholar
• Melzak D: The McGill Pain Questionnaire major prop-erties and scoring methods. Pain 1:277–299, 1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack HM, de L. Home DJ, Sheather S: Clinical applications of visual analogue scales: A critical re-view. Psychol Med 18:1007–1019, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingshead AB: Two-Factor Index of Social Position. New Haven, CT, Yale Station, 1957
   Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H: The contribution of sleep-wake physi-ology to fibromyalgia. In Friction JR, Awad E (eds): Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, New York, Raven, 1990, pp 227–240
   Google Scholar
• Mahowald MW, Mahowald ML, Bundlie SR, Ytterberg SR: Sleep fragmentation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ar-thritis Rheumat 32:974–983, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldofsky H: Sleep-wake mechanisms in fibrositis. J Rheumatol 16:47–48, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Wittig RM, Zorick FJ, Blumer D, Heilbronn M, Roth T: Disturbed sleep in patients complaining of chronic pain. J Nerv Ment Dis 170:429–431, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bixler EO, Kales A, Vela-Bueno A, Jacoby JA, Scarone S, Soldatos CR: Nocturnal myoclonus and nocturnal myoclonic activity in a normal population. Res Com-mun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 36:129–140, 1982
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones BE: Basic mechanisms of sleep-wake states. In Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (eds): Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1989, pp 121–140
   Google Scholar
• Fry JM: Sleep Disorders. Med Clin North Am 71:95–110, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell U, Vipraio GA, Morgan WW, Bowden CL: Is there a metabolic basis for the fibrositis syndrome? Am J Med 81(suppl 3A):50-54, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Russell U: Neurohormonal aspects of fibromyalgia syn-drome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 15:149–168, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudds RA, McCain G A, Rollman GB, Harth M: Im-provements in pain responsiveness in patients with fibrositis after successful treatment with amitriptyline. J Rheumatol 16 (suppl 19):98–103, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Goldenberg DL: A review of the role of tricyclic med-ications in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 16\(suppl 19):137–139, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Bibolotti E, Borghi C, Pasculli E, Regoli F, Tavoni A, Baroni L, Castrogiovanni P. Paser G: The management of fibrositis. Clin Trials J 23:269–280, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Wagner HR, Reches A, Fahn S: Clonazepam-induced upregulation of serotonin-1 binding sites in frontal cortex of rat. Neuropharmacology 24:953–956, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Peled R, Lavie P: Double-blind evaluation of clona-zepam on periodic leg movements in sleep. J Neurol Neurosurgery/ Psychiatry 50:1679–1681, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvey MJ, Tollefson GD: Occurrence of myoclonus in patients treated with cyclic antidepressants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:269–272, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilleminault C, Raynal D, Takahashi S, Carskadon M, Dement W: Evaluation of short-term and long-term treatment of the narcolepsy syndrome with clomipra-mine hydrochloride. Acta Neurol Scand 54:71–87,1976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edinger JD, Hoelscher TJ, Webb MD, Marsh GR, Radtke RA, Erwin CW: Polysomnographic assessment of DIMS: Empirical evaluation of its diagnostic value. Sleep 12:315–322, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar