979
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Combination Regimen of Cladribine (2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine), Cytarabine and G-CSF (CLAG) as Induction Therapy for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

, , , &
Pages 121-129 | Received 12 Jan 2000, Published online: 01 Jul 2009

References

  • Cassileth P.A., Harrington D.P., Appelbaum F.R., Lazarus H.M., Rowe J.M., Paietta E., Willman C., Hurd D.D., Bennett J.M., Blume K.G., Head D.R., Wiernik P.H. Chemotherapy compared with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 1649–1656
  • Wiernik PH., Banks PL., Case D.C., Arlin Z.A., Per-Iman P.O., Todd M.B., Ritch PS., Enck R.E., Weit-Berg A.B. Cytarabine plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 1992; 79: 313–319
  • Lowenberg B., Downing J.R., Burnett A. Acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 1051–1062
  • Schiller G.J. Treatment of resistant disease. Leukemia 1998; 12: S20–S24
  • Reece D.E., Elmongy M.B., Barnett M.J., Klingemann H.G., Shepeherd J.D., Phillips G.L. Chemotherapy with high-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone for poor prognosis myeloid leukemias. Cancer Invest. 1993; 11: 509–516
  • Keating M.J., Kantarjian H., Smith T.L., Estey E., Walters R., Andersson B., Beran M., McCredie K.B., Freireich E.J. Response to salvage therapy and survival after relapse in acute myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1989; 7: 1071–1080
  • Saven A., Piro L.D. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1993; ll: 109–114
  • Keating M.J., McLaughlin P., Plunkett W., Robertson L.E., O'Brien S., Gandhi V., Gregoire V., Yang L., Cabanillas F. Fludarabine - present status and future developments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Ann Oncol 1994; 5: S79–S83
  • Warrell R., Berman E. Phase I and II study of fludarabine phosphate in leukemia: Therapeutic efficacy with delayed central nervous system toxicity. J Clin Oncol. 1986; 4: 74–79
  • Estey E., Plunkett W., Gandhi V., Rios M.B., Kantarjian H., Keating M. Fludarabine and arabinosylcytosine therapy of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymph. 1993; 9: 343–350
  • Kornblau S.M., Gandhi V, Andreeff H.M., Beran M., Kantarjian H.M., Roller C.A., O'Brien S., Plunkett W, Estey E. Clinical and laboratory studies of 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine +/- cytosine arabinoside for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia in adults. Leukemia. 1996; 10: 1563–1569
  • Estey E., Thall P., Andreeff M. Use of G-CSF before, during and after fludarabine plus Ara-C induction therapy of newly diagnosed AML or MDS: comparison with fludarabine + Ara-C without G-CSF. J Clin Oncol. 1994; 4: 671–678
  • Visani G., Tosi P., Zinzani P.L. FLAG (fludarabine + high dose cytarabine + G-CSF) an effective and tolerable protocol for the treatment of “poor risk” acute myeloid leukemias. Leukemia. 1994; 8: 1842–1846
  • Bennett J.M., Catovsky D., Daniel M.T., Flandrin G., Gal-Ton D.A., Gralnick H.R., Sultan C. Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103: 620–625
  • Cheson B.D., Cassileth P.A., Head D.R., Schiffer C.A., Bennett J.M., Bloomfield CD., Brunning R., Gale R.P, Grever M.R., Keating M.J. Report of the National Cancer Institute sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1990; 8: 813–819
  • Preisler H.D., Gopal V. Regrowth resistance in leukemia and lymphoma, the need for a new system to classify treatment failure and for new approaches to treatment. Leuk Res. 1994; 18: 149–160
  • Oken M.M., Creech R.H., Tormey D.C., Horton J., Davis TE., McFadden E.T., Carbone P.P. Toxicity and response criteria for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin. Oncol 1982; 5: 649–655
  • Montillo M., Mirto S., Petti M.C., Latagliata R., Magrin S., Pinto A., Zagonel V., Mele G., Tedeschi A., Fer-Rara F. Fludarabine, cytarabine and G-CSF (FLAG) for the treatment of poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 1998; 58: 105–109
  • Fleischhack G., Hasan C., Graf N., Mann G., Bode U. IDA-FLAG (idarubicin, fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF) an effective remission -induction therapy for poor -prognosis AML of childhood prior to allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation: experiences of a phase II trial. Br. J. Haematol, 102: 647–655
  • Santana V.M., Hurwitz C.A., Blakley R.L., Crom W.R., Luo X., Roberts W.M., Ribeiro R., Mahmoud H., Krauce R.A. Complete hematologic remissions induced by 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine in children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1994; 84: 1237–1242
  • Gandhi V., Estey E., Keating M.J., Chucrallah A., Plunkett W. Chlorodeoxyadenosine and arabinosylcytosine in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and molecular interactions. Blood. 1996; 87: 256–264
  • Clavio M., Carrara P., Miglino M., Pierri J., Canepa L., Balleari E., Gatti A.M., Cerri R., Celesti L., Vallebella E., Sessarego M., Patrone F., Ghio R., Gobbi M. High efficacy of fludarabine containing therapy (FLAG-FLANG) in poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. Hae-matologica 1996; 81: 513–520
  • Parker J.E., Pagliuca A., Mijovic A., Cullis J.O., Czepulkowski B., Rassam S.M., Samaratunga J.R., Grace R., Gover P.A., Mufti G.J. Fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF and idarubicin (FLAG-IDA) for the treatment of poor risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Br J Haematol. 1997; 99: 939–944
  • Van Den Neste E., Martiat P., Mineur P., Dellanoy A., Doyen C., Zenebergh A., Michaux J.L., Ferrant A. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine with or without daunorubicin in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol. 1998; 76: 19–23
  • Visani G., Lemoli R.M., Tosi P., Martinelli G., Testoni N., Ricci P., Pccaluga P.P., Pastano R., Leopardi G., Dizdari A., Motta M.R., Rizzi S., Tura S. Fludarab-ine-containing regimens severely impair peripheral blood stem cells mobilization and collection in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Br. J. Haematol. 1999; 105: 775–779

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.