Arsenic Trioxide Therapy for Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: an Useful Salvage Therapy

References

• Mitelman F. Catalog of chromosome aberrations in cancer, third edition. Alan R. Liss, Inc, New York 1998
   Google Scholar
• Brown D., Kogan S., Lagasse E., Weissman I., Alcalay M., Pelicci P. G., Atwater S., Bishop J. M. A PML/RAR a transgene initiates murine acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proceedings of the National Academy Society of the USA 1997; 94: 2551–2556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grignani F. R., Ferrucci P. F., Testa U., Talamo G., Fagioli M., Alcalay M., Mencarelli A., Grignani E, Peschle C., Nicoletti I., Pelicci P. G. The acute promyelocytic leukemia-specific PML-RAR a fusion protein inhibits differentiation and promotes survival of myeloid precursor cells. Cell 1993; 74: 423–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De The H., Lavau C., Marchio A., Chomienne C., Degos L., Dejean A. The PML/RAR afusion mRNA generated by the t(15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia encodes a functionally altered. RAR a Cell 1991; 66: 675–684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyck J. A., Maul G. G., Miller W. H., Jr., Chen J. D., Kakizuka A., Evans R. M. A novel macromolecular structure is a target of the promyelocyte-retinoic acid receptor oncoprotein. Cell 1994; 76: 333–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grignani F., Testa U., Rogaia D., Ferrucci P. F., Samoggia P., Pinto A., Aldinucci D., Gelmetti V., Fagioli M., Alcalay M., Seeler J., Grignani F., Nicoletti I., Peschle C., Pelicci P. G. Effects on differentiation by the promyelocytic leukemia PML/RAR a protein depend on the fusion of the PML protein dimerization and RAR a DNA binding domains. The EMBO Journal 1996; 15: 4949–4958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastner P., Perez A., Lutz Y., Rochete-Egly C., Gaub M. P., Durand B., Lanotte M., Berger R., Chambon P. Structures, localization and transcriptional properties of two classes of retinoic acid receptor a fusion proteins in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): structural similarities with a new family of oncoproteins. The EMBO Journal 1992; 11: 629–642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le X. F., Yang P., Chang K. S. Analysis of the growth and transformation suppressor domains of promyelocytic leukemia gene, PML. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271: 130–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Look A T. Oncogenic transcription factors in the human acute leukemias. Science 1997; 278: 1059–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnick A., Licht J. D. Deconstructing a disease: RAR a, its fusion partners, and their roles in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 93: 3167–3215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu Z. M., Chin K. V., Liu J. H., Lozano G., Chang K. S. PML, a growth suppressor disrupted in acute promye locytic leukemia. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1994; 14: 6858–6867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warrell R. P., Jr., De The H., Wang Z. Y., Degos L. Acute promyelocytic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329: 177–189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weis K., Rambaud S., Lavau C., Jansen J., Carvalho T, Carmo-Fonseca M., Lamond A., Dejean A. Retinoic acid regulates aberrant nuclear localization of PML-RAR a in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell 1994; 76: 345–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang M. E., Ye Y. C., Chen S. R., Chai J. R., Lu J. X., Zhao L., Gu L. J., Wang Z. Y. Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1988; 72: 567–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degos L., Dombret H., Chomienne C., Daniel M. T., Miclea J. M., Chastang C., Castaigne S., Fenaux P. All-trans retinoic acid as a differentiating agent in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1995; 85: 2643–2653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenaux P., Le Deley M. C., Castaigne S., Archimbaud E., Chomienne C., Link H., Guerci A., Duarte M., Daniel M. T., Bowen D., Huebner G., Bauters F., Fegueux N., Fey M., Sanz M., Lowenberg B., Maloisel E, Auzanneau G., Sadoun A., Gardin C., Bastion Y., Ganser A., Jacky E., Dombret H., Chastang C., Degos L., The European APL 91 Group. Effect of all transretinoic acid in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results of a multi-center randomized trial. Blood 1993; 82: 3241–3249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenaux P., Chastang C., Chevret S., Sanz M., Dombret H., Archimbaud E., Fey M., Rayon C., Huguet R, Sotto J. J., Gardin C., Makhoul P. C., Travade P., Solary E., Fegueux N., Bordessoule D., Miguel J. S., Link H., Desablens B., Stamatoullas A., Deconinck E., Maloisel F., Castaigne S., Preudhomme C., Degos L., For the European APL group. A randomized comparison of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA) followed by chemotherapy and ATRA plus chemotherapy and the role of maintenance therapy in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 94: 1192–1200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tallman M. S., Andersen J. W., Schiffer C. A., Appelbaum F. R., Feusner J. H., Ogden A., Shepherd L., Willman C., Bloomfield C. D., Rowe J. M., Wiemik P. H. All-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 337: 1021–1028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang S. Y., Chang C. H., Tang J. L., Tien H. F., Kuo X L., Huang S. F., Yao Y. T., Chou W. C., Chung C. Y., Wang C. H., Shen M. G., Chen Y. C. Acute and chronic arsenic poisoning associated with treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 103: 1092–1095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z. X., Chen G. Q., Ni J. H., Li X. S., Xiong S. M., Qiu Q. A., Zhu J., Tang W., Sun G. L., Yang K. Q., Chen Y., Zhou L., Fang Z. W., Wang Y. T., Ma J., Zhang P., Zhang T. D., Chen S. J., Chen Z., Wang Z. Y. Use of arsenic trioxide (As203) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): II. Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in relapsed patients. Blood 1997; 89: 3354–3360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soignet S. L., Maslak P., Wang Z. G., Jhanwar S., Calleja E., Dardashti L. J., Corso D., DeBlasio A., Gabrilove J., Scheinberg D. A., Pandolfi P. P., Warrell R. P., Jr. Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339: 1341–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H. D., Ma L., Hu X. C., Zhang T. D. Ai-Lin I treated 32 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Chinese Journal of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine 1992; 12: 170–1, (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Zhang P., Wang S. Y., Hu X. H., Shi F. D., Qiu F. Q., Hong G. J., Han X. Y., Yang H. F., Sun Y. Z., Liu Y. P., Zhao J., Jin Z. J. Arsenic trioxide treated 72 cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Chinese Journal of Haematology 1996; 17: 58–60, (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Ishinishi N., Tsuchiya K., Valuer M., Fowler B. A. Arsenic. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, L. Friberg, G. F. Nordberg, V. B. Vouk. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986; 43
   Google Scholar
• Jiang Su New Medical College. Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine. Shanghai Scientific Publishing House, ShanghaiChina 1986; 1620–1622
   Google Scholar
• Pershagen G. The epidemiology of human arsenic exposure. Biological and environmental effects of arsenic, B A Fowler. Elsevier Science Publisher, OxfordUK 1983; 199–229
   Google Scholar
• Hei T. K., Liu S. X., Waldren C. Mutagenicity of arsenic in mammalian cells: Role of reactive oxygen species. Proceedings of the National Academy Society of the USA 1998; 95: 8103–8107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee T. C., Oshimura M., Barrett J. C. Comparison of arsenic-induced cell transformation, cytotoxicity, mutation and cytogenetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture. Carcinogenesis 1985; 6: 1421–1426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow E. T. Metal carcinogenesis: mechanistic implications. Pharmacology and Therapy 1992; 53: 31–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao C. Q., Young M. R., Diwan B. A., Coogan T. P., Waalkes M. P. Association of arsenic-induced malignant transformation with DNA hypomethylation and aberrant gene expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 1997; 94: 10907–10912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza E. O., Mann M. J., Bleasdell B. Arsenic and mercury in traditional Chinese herbal balls. New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 333: 803–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu C., Yan H., Sun H. P., Liu J. X., Gu B. W., Su X. Y., Cao Q., Waxman S., Chen Z., Chen S. J., Shen Z. X., Wang Z. Y. Treatment of de novo and relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with arsenic trioxide. Blood 1998; 92: 678a, (abstract) (sup 1)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coco F. L., Diverio D., Falini B., Biondi A., Nervi C., Pelicci G. Genetic diagnosis and molecular monitoring in the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 94: 12–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M. Scientists explore use of arsenic in therapy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998; 90: 1866–1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westervelt P., Pollock J., Haug, Ley T. J., DiPersio J. F. Response and toxicity associated with dose escalation of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1997; 90: 249b, (abstract) (supple 1)
   Google Scholar
• Frankel S. R., Eardley A., Lauwers G., Weiss M., Warrell R. P., Jr. The “retinoic acid syndrome” in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992; 117: 292–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G. Q., Zhu J., Shi X. G., Ni J. H., Zhong H. J., Si G. Y., Jin X. L., Tang W., Li X. S., Xong S. M., Shen Z. X., Sun G. L., Ma J., Zhang P., Zhang T. D., Gazin C., Naoe T., Chen S. J., Wang Z. Y., Chen Z. In vitro studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As203) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As203 induces NB4 cell apoptosis with down regulation of bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML-RAR a /PML proteins. Blood 1996; 88: 1052–1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z. Q., Shi X. G., Tang W, Xiong S. M., Zhu J., Cai X., Han Z. G., Ni J. H., Shi G. Y., Jia P. M., Liu M. M., He K. L., Niu C., Ma J., Zhang P., Zhang T. D., Paul P., Naoe T, Kitamura K., Miller W., Waxman S., Wang Z. Y., De The H., Chen S. J., Chen Z. Use of arsenic trioxide (As203) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): I. As203 exerts dose-dependent effects on APL cells. Blood 1997; 89: 3345–3353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z., Wang Z. Y., Chen S. J. Acute promyelocytic leukemia: Cellular and molecular basis of differentiation and apoptosis. Pharmacology and Therapy 1997; 76: 141–149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre C., Guillemin M. C., Zhu J., Koken M. H.M., Quignon F., Herve L., Chelbi-Alix M. K., Dhumeaux D., Wang Z. Y., Degos L., Chen Z., De The H. The PML and PML/RAR a domains: From autoimmunity to molecular oncology and from retinoic acid to arsenic. Experimental Cell Research 1996; 229: 253–260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel M. T., Koken M., Romagne O., Barbey S., Bazarbachi A., Stadler M., Guillemin M. C., Degos L., Chomi-Enne C., De The H. PML protein expression in hematopoietic and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood 1993; 82: 1858–1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koken M. H.M., Puvion-Dutilleul F., Guillemin M. C., Viron A., Linares-Cruz G., Stuurman R, De Jong L., Szostecki C., Calvo F., Chomienne C., Degos L., Puvion E., De The H. The t(15;17) translocation alters a nuclear body in a retinoic acid-reversible fashion. The EMBO Journal 1994; 13: 1073–1083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quignon F., Chen Z., DeThe H. Retinoic acid and arsenic: towards oncogene-targeted treatments of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1997; 1333: M53–M61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raelson J. V., Nervi C., Rosenauer A., Benedetti L., Monc-Zak Y., Pearson M., Pelicci P. G., Miller W. H. The PML/RAR a oncoprotein is a direct molecular target of retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood 1996; 88: 2826–2832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao W., Fanelli M., Ferrara F. F., Riccioni R., Rosenauer A., Davison K., Lamph W. W., Waxman S., Pelicci P. G., Lo Coco F., Avvisati G., Testa U., Peschle C., Cambacorti-Passerini C., Nervi C., Miller W. H., Jr. Arsenic trioxide as an inducer of apoptosis and loss of PML-RAR alpha protein in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998; 90: 124–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu J., Koken M. H.M., Quignon E, Chelbi-Alix M. K., Degos L., Wang Z. Y., Chen Z., De The H. Arsenic-induced PML targeting onto nuclear bodies: implications for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 1997; 94: 3978–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boddy M. N., Howe K., Etkin L. D., Solomon E., Free-Mont P S. PIC-1, a novel ubiquitin-like protein which interacts with the PML component of a multiprotein complex that is disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Oncogene 1996; 13: 971–982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller S., Matunis M. J., Dejean A. Conjugation with the ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO-1 regulates the partitioning of PML within the nucleus. The EMBO Journal 1998; 17: 61–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternsdorf T, Puccetti E., Jensen K., Hoelzer D., Will H., Ottmann O. G., Ruthardt M. PIC-1/SUMO-1-modified PML-Retinoic acid receptor a mediates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1999; 19: 5170–5178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J., Jing Y, Hellinger N., Weinberg R., Waxman S. Mechanism of arsenic trioxide induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in malignant cells. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 1998; 39: 68–69, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Wang Z. G., Rivi R., Delva L., Konig A., Scheinberg D. A., Gambacorti-Passerini C., Gabrilove J. L., Warrell R. P., Jr., Pandolfi P. P. Arsenic trioxide and melarsoprol induce programmed cell death in myeloid leukemia cell lines and function in a PML and PML-RAR a independent manner. Blood 1998; 92: 1497–1504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larochete N., Decaudin D., Jacoto E., Brenner C., Marzo I., Susin S. A., Zamzami N., Xie Z., Reed J., Kroemer G. Arsenite induces apoptosis via a direct effect on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Experimental Cell Research 1999; 249: 413–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y. C., Lin-Shiau S. Y., Lin J. K. Involvement of reactive oxygen species and caspase 3 activation in arsenite-induced apoptosis. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1998; 177: 324–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing Y, Dai J., Chalmers-Redman R. M.E., Taton W. G., Waxman S. Arsenic trioxide selectively induces acute promyelocytic leukemia cell apoptosis via a hydrogen peroxide-dependent pathway. Blood 1999; 94: 2102–2111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akao Y, Nakagawa Y., Akiyama K. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in neuroblatoma cell lines through the activation of caspase 3 in vitro. FEBS letters 1999; 455: 59–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green D R., Reed J. C. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 1998; 281: 1309–1312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J., Weinberg R. S., Waxman S., Jing Y. Malignant cells can be sensitized to undergo growth inhibition and apoptosis by arsenic trioxide through modulation of the glutathione redox system. Blood 1999; 93: 268–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akao Y, Mizoguchi H., Kojima S., Naoe T., Ohishi N., Yagi K. Arsenic induces apoptosis in B-cell leu-kaemic cell lines in vitro: activation of caspases and down-regulation of bcl-2 protein. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 102: 1055–1060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W., Ohnishi K., Shigeno K., Fujisawa S., Naito K., Nakamura S., Takeshita K., Takeshita A., Ohno R. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by arsenic trioxide in lymphoid neoplasms. Leukemia 1998; 12: 1383–1391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavigelli M., Li W W, Lin A., Su B., Yoshioka K., Karin M. The tumor promoter arsenite stimulates AP-1 activity by inhibiting a JNK phosphatase. The EMBO Journal 1996; 15: 6269–6279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y. M., Broome J. D. Arsenic targets tubulins to induce apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Research 1999; 59: 776–780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianni M., Koken M. H.M., Chelbi-Alix M. K., Benoit G., Lanotte M., Chen Z., De The H. Combined arsenic and retinoic acid treatment enhances differentiation and apoptosis in arsenic resistant NB4 cells. Blood 1998; 91: 4300–4310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang X. J., Wiernik P. H., Klein R. S., Gallagher R E. Potentiation of arsenic trioxide (As203) induced apoptosis by retinoic acid (RA) in RA-sensitive (S) and RA-resistant (R) HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. Blood 1997; 90: 329a, (abstract). (suppl 1)
   Google Scholar
• Kizaki M., Muto A., Kinjo K., Ueno H., Ikeda Y. Application of heavy metal and cytokine for differentiation-inducing therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998; 90: 1906–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lallemand-Breitenbach V., Guillemin M. C., Janin A., Daniel M. T., Degos L., Kogan S. C., Bishop J. M., De The H. Retinoic acid and arsenic synergize to eradicate leukemic cells in a mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999; 189: 1043–1052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazarbachi A., El-Sabban M. E., Nasr R., Quignon F, Awaraji C., Kersual J., Dianoux L., Zermati Y, Haidar J. H., Hermine O., De The H. Arsenic trioxide and interferon- α synergize to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-transformed cells. Blood 1999; 93: 278–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishitsuka K., Hanada S., Suzuki S., Utsunomiya A., Chyuman Y, Takeuchi S., Takeshita T, Shimotakahara S., Uozumi K., Makino T., Arima T. Arsenic trioxide inhibits growth of human T-cell leukaemia virus type I infected T-cell lines more effectively than retinoic acids. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 103: 721–728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu M., Levin J., Sulpice E., Grand A. S., Alemany M., Caen J. P., Han Z. C. Effect of arsenic trioxide on viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in human megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines. Experimental Hematology 1999; 27: 845–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousselot P., Labaume S., Marolleau J. P., Larghero J., Noguera M. H., Brouet J. C., Fermand J. P. Arsenic trioxide and melarsoprol induced apoptosis in plasma cell lines and in plasma cells from myeloma patients. Cancer Research 1999; 59: 1041–1048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng J., Deng Y. P., Lin C., Fu M., Xiao P. G., Wu M. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of HPV16 DNA-immortalized human cervical epithelial cells and selectively inhibits viral gene expression. International Journal of Cancer 1999; 82: 286–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X. H., Shen Y. L., Jing Y. K., Cai X., Jia P. M., Huang Y., Tang W., Shi G. Y., Sun Y. P., Dai J., Wang Z. Y., Chen S. J., Zhang T. D., Waxman S., Chen Z., Chen G. Q. Apoptosis and growth inhibition in malignant lymphocytes after treatment with arsenic trioxide at clinically achievable concentrations. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999; 91: 772–778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang C. H., Kuo M. L., Chen J. C., Chen Y. C. Arsenic trioxide sensitivity is associated with low level of glutathione in cancer cells. British Journal of Cancer 1999; 81(5)796–799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar