784
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Novel therapeutic options for relapsed hairy cell leukemia

, &
Pages 2264-2272 | Received 30 Oct 2014, Accepted 15 Dec 2014, Published online: 04 Feb 2015

References

  • Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:11–30.
  • Else M, Dearden CE, Matutes E, et al. Long-term follow-up of 233 patients with hairy cell leukaemia, treated initially with pentostatin or cladribine, at a median of 16 years from diagnosis. Br J Haematol 2009;145:733–740.
  • Ravandi F, O’Brien S, Jorgensen J, et al. Phase 2 study of cladribine followed by rituximab in patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2011;118:3818–3823.
  • Else M, Dearden CE, Matutes E, et al. Rituximab with pentostatin or cladribine: an effective combination treatment for hairy cell leukemia after disease recurrence. Leuk Lymphoma 2011;52(Suppl. 2):75–78.
  • Zinzani PL, Pellegrini C, Stefoni V, et al. Hairy cell leukemia: evaluation of the long-term outcome in 121 patients. Cancer 2010;116:4788–4792.
  • Rosenberg JD, Burian C, Waalen J, et al. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of young hairy cell leukemia patients treated with cladribine: a single institution series. Blood 2013;123:177–183.
  • Jehn U, Bartl R, Dietzfelbinger H, et al. An update: 12-year follow-up of patients with hairy cell leukemia following treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Leukemia 2004;18:1476–1481.
  • Chadha P, Rademaker AW, Mendiratta P, et al. Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA): long-term follow-up of the Northwestern University experience. Blood 2005;106:241–246.
  • Goodman GR, Burian C, Koziol JA, et al. Extended follow-up of patients with hairy cell leukemia after treatment with cladribine. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:891–896.
  • Else M, Ruchlemer R, Osuji N, et al. Long remissions in hairy cell leukemia with purine analogs: a report of 219 patients with a median follow-up of 12.5 years. Cancer 2005;104:2442–2448.
  • Saven A, Burian C, Koziol JA, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with hairy cell leukemia after cladribine treatment. Blood 1998;92:1918–1926.
  • Tallman MS, Hakimian D, Kopecky KJ, et al. Minimal residual disease in patients with hairy cell leukemia in complete remission treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine or 2-deoxycoformycin and prediction of early relapse. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:1665–1670.
  • Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Oberholzer M, Aschenafi S, et al. Potential predictive patterns of minimal residual disease detected by immunohistochemistry on bone marrow biopsy specimens during a long-term follow-up in patients treated with cladribine for hairy cell leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:374–377.
  • Sigal DS, Sharpe R, Burian C, et al. Very long-term eradication of minimal residual disease in patients with hairy cell leukemia after a single course of cladribine. Blood 2010;115:1893–1896.
  • Jain P, Pemmaraju N, Ravandi F. Update on the biology and treatment options for hairy cell leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2014;15:187–209.
  • Xi L, Arons E, Navarro W, et al. Both variant and IGHV4-34-expressing hairy cell leukemia lack the BRAF V600E mutation. Blood 2012;119:3330–3332.
  • Magee MJ, McKenzie S, Filippa DA, et al. Hairy cell leukemia. Durability of response to splenectomy in 26 patients and treatment of relapse with androgens in six patients. Cancer 1985;56:2557–2562.
  • Golomb HM, Vardiman JW. Response to splenectomy in 65 patients with hairy cell leukemia: an evaluation of spleen weight and bone marrow involvement. Blood 1983;61:349–352.
  • Grever M, Kopecky K, Foucar MK, et al. Randomized comparison of pentostatin versus interferon alfa-2a in previously untreated patients with hairy cell leukemia: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:974–982.
  • Piro LD, Carrera CJ, Carson DA, et al. Lasting remissions in hairy-cell leukemia induced by a single infusion of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1117–1121.
  • Robak T, Jamroziak K, Gora-Tybor J, et al. Cladribine in a weekly versus daily schedule for untreated active hairy cell leukemia: final report from the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Blood 2007;109:3672–3675.
  • Gerrie AS, Zypchen LN, Connors JM. Fludarabine and rituximab for relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:1988–1991.
  • Seymour JF, Talpaz M, Kurzrock R. Response duration and recovery of CD4 + lymphocytes following deoxycoformycin in interferon-alpha-resistant hairy cell leukemia: 7-year follow-up. Leukemia 1997;11:42–47.
  • Seymour JF, Kurzrock R, Freireich EJ, et al. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine induces durable remissions and prolonged suppression of CD4 + lymphocyte counts in patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood 1994;83:2906–2911.
  • Steis RG, Urba WJ, Kopp WC, et al. Kinetics of recovery of CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood of deoxycoformycin-treated patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83:1678–1679.
  • Robak T, Blasinska-Morawiec M, Krykowski E, et al. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) in 2-hour versus 24-hour intravenous infusion in the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1996;22:107–111.
  • Jain P, O’Brien S. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013;13:169–182.
  • Nieva J, Bethel K, Saven A. Phase 2 study of rituximab in the treatment of cladribine-failed patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2003;102:810–813.
  • Thomas DA, O’Brien S, Bueso-Ramos C, et al. Rituximab in relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2003;102:3906–3911.
  • Leclerc M, Suarez F, Noel MP, et al. Rituximab therapy for hairy cell leukemia: a retrospective study of 41 cases. Ann Hematol 2015;94:89–95.
  • Kreitman RJ, Arons E, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. Response of hairy cell leukemia to bendamustine. Leuk Lymphoma 2011;52: 1153–1156.
  • Burotto M, Stetler-Stevenson M, Arons E, et al. Bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed and refractory hairy cell leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:6313–6321.
  • Mercieca J, Puga M, Matutes E, et al. Incidence and significance of abdominal lymphadenopathy in hairy cell leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1994;14(Suppl. 1):79–83.
  • Forconi F, Sozzi E, Cencini E, et al. Hairy cell leukemias with unmutated IGHV genes define the minor subset refractory to single-agent cladribine and with more aggressive behavior. Blood 2009;114:4696–4702.
  • Arons E, Suntum T, Stetler-Stevenson M, et al. VH4-34 + hairy cell leukemia, a new variant with poor prognosis despite standard therapy. Blood 2009;114:4687–4695.
  • Jain P, Ok CY, Konoplev S, et al. Relapsed refractory BRAF-negative, IGHV4-34-positive variant of hairy cell leukemia: a distinct entity? J Clin Oncol 2014 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Park JH, Tallman MS. Left behind: should minimal residual disease be treated in hairy cell leukemia? Leuk Lymphoma 2014;55: 971–972.
  • Ravandi F, Jorgensen JL, O’Brien SM, et al. Eradication of minimal residual disease in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2006;107:4658–4662.
  • Tiacci E, Trifonov V, Schiavoni G, et al. BRAF mutations in hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2305–2315.
  • Waterfall JJ, Arons E, Walker RL, et al. High prevalence of MAP2K1 mutations in variant and IGHV4-34-expressing hairy-cell leukemias. Nat Genet 2014;46:8–10.
  • Sivina M, Kreitman RJ, Arons E, et al. The bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) blocks hairy cell leukaemia survival, proliferation and B cell receptor signalling: a new therapeutic approach. Br J Haematol 2014;166:177–188.
  • Park JH, Kim E, Chung YR, et al. BRAFV600E mutations occur in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2013;122(Suppl. 1): Abstract 816.
  • Chung SS, Kim E, Park JH, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell origin of BRAFV600E mutations in hairy cell leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2014;6:238ra271.
  • Tiacci E, Schiavoni G, Martelli MP, et al. Constant activation of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in hairy cell leukemia. Haematologica 2013;98:635–639.
  • Santi A, Russo G, Pucciarini A, et al. Targeting The BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2013;122(Suppl. 1): Abstract 3064.
  • Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2507–2516.
  • Johnson DB, Flaherty KT, Weber JS, et al. Combined BRAF (dabrafenib) and MEK inhibition (trametinib) in patients with BRAFV600-mutant melanoma experiencing progression with single-agent BRAF inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3697–3704.
  • Dietrich S, Glimm H, Andrulis M, et al. BRAF inhibition in refractory hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2038–2040.
  • Follows GA, Sims H, Bloxham DM, et al. Rapid response of biallelic BRAF V600E mutated hairy cell leukaemia to low dose vemurafenib. Br J Haematol 2013;161:150–153.
  • Peyrade F, Re D, Ginet C, et al. Low-dose vemurafenib induces complete remission in a case of hairy-cell leukemia with a V600E mutation. Haematologica 2013;98:e20–e22.
  • Samuel J, Macip S, Dyer MJ. Efficacy of vemurafenib in hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl J Med 2014;370:286–288.
  • Maurer H, Haas P, Wengenmayer T, et al. Successful vemurafenib salvage treatment in a patient with primary refractory hairy cell leukemia and pulmonary aspergillosis. Ann Hematol 2014;93: 1439–1440.
  • Tiacci E, De Carolis L, Zinzani PL, et al. Vemurafenib is safe and highly active in hairy cell leukemia patients refractory to or relapsed after purine analogues: a phase-2 Italian clinical trial. Haematologica 2014;99(Suppl. 1): Abstract S696.
  • Tiacci E, De Carolis L, Zinzani PL, et al. Efficacy and safety of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in hairy cell leukemia patients refractory to or relapsed after purine analogs: a phase-2 Italian clinical trial. Blood 2014;124(Suppl. 1): Abstract 150.
  • Chung SS, Chung YR, Won H, et al. Phase II trial of the BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, in patients with BRAF mutant relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2013;122(Suppl. 1): Abstract 2876.
  • Park JH, Chung SS, Chung YR, et al. Vemurafenib has potent antitumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory BRAF mutant hairy cell leukemia. Blood 2014;124(Suppl. 1): Abstract 24.
  • Sascha D, Pircher A, Andrulis M, et al. BRAF inhibition in hairy cell leukemia: multicentre experience of 21 patients treated with vemurafenib. Blood 2014;124(Suppl. 1): Abstract 3634.
  • Lito P, Rosen N, Solit DB. Tumor adaptation and resistance to RAF inhibitors. Nat Med 2013;19:1401–1409.
  • Lacouture ME, Duvic M, Hauschild A, et al. Analysis of dermatologic events in vemurafenib-treated patients with melanoma. Oncologist 2013;18:314–322.
  • Mattei PL, Alora-Palli MB, Kraft S, et al. Cutaneous effects of BRAF inhibitor therapy: a case series. Ann Oncol 2013;24:530–537.
  • Cornet E, Tomowiak C, Tanguy-Schmidt A, et al. Long-term follow-up and second malignancies in 487 patients with hairy cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014;166:390–400.
  • Vergote V, Dierickx D, Janssens A, et al. Rapid and complete hematological response of refractory hairy cell leukemia to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. Ann Hematol 2014;93:2087–2089
  • Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:358–365.
  • Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1694–1703.
  • Larkin J, Ascierto PA, Dreno B, et al. Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1867–1876.
  • Rickert RC. New insights into pre-BCR and BCR signalling with relevance to B cell malignancies. Nat Rev Immunol 2013;13:578–591.
  • Zhong Y, Byrd JC, Dubovsky JA. The B-cell receptor pathway: a critical component of healthy and malignant immune biology. Semin Hematol 2014;51:206–218.
  • Davis RE, Ngo VN, Lenz G, et al. Chronic active B-cell-receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature 2010;463:88–92.
  • Hendriks RW, Yuvaraj S, Kil LP. Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cell malignancies. Nat Rev Cancer 2014;14:219–232.
  • Woyach JA, Bojnik E, Ruppert AS, et al. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) function is important to the development and expansion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood 2014;123:1207–1213.
  • Burger JA, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, et al. Safety and activity of ibrutinib plus rituximab for patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:1090–1099.
  • Byrd JC, Furman RR, Coutre SE, et al. Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2013;369:32–42.
  • Woyach JA, Smucker K, Smith LL, et al. Prolonged lymphocytosis during ibrutinib therapy is associated with distinct molecular characteristics and does not indicate a suboptimal response to therapy. Blood 2014;123:1810–1817.
  • Jones JA, Andritsos LA, Lucas DM, et al. Preliminary safety and efficacy of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib (IBR) in patients (pts) with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). J Clin Oncol 2014;32(5 Suppl.): Abstract 7063.
  • Fowler N, Davis E. Targeting B-cell receptor signaling: changing the paradigm. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2013:553–560.
  • Aalipour A, Advani RH. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a promising novel targeted treatment for B cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2013;163:436–443.
  • Woyach JA, Furman RR, Liu TM, et al. Resistance mechanisms for the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2286–2294.
  • Sullivan-Chang L, O’Donnell RT, Tuscano JM. Targeting CD22 in B-cell malignancies: current status and clinical outlook. BioDrugs 2013;27:293–304.
  • Kreitman RJ, Wilson W, Calvo KR, et al. Cladribine with immediate rituximab for the treatment of patients with variant hairy cell leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:6873–6881.
  • Kreitman RJ. Immunoconjugates and new molecular targets in hairy cell leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2012:660–666.
  • Wayne AS, Fitzgerald DJ, Kreitman RJ, et al. Immunotoxins for leukemia. Blood 2014;123:2470–2477.
  • Kreitman RJ. Getting plant toxins to fuse. Leuk Res 1997;21: 997–999.
  • Kadin ME, Vonderheid EC. Targeted therapies: denileukin diftitox—a step towards a “magic bullet: for CTCL. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010;7:430–432.
  • Kreitman RJ, Wilson WH, White JD, et al. Phase I trial of recombinant immunotoxin anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38 (LMB-2) in patients with hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1622–1636.
  • Kreitman RJ, Tallman MS, Robak T, et al. Phase I trial of anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox (CAT-8015 or HA22) in patients with hairy cell leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2012;30: 1822–1828.
  • Kreitman RJ, Stetler-Stevenson M, Margulies I, et al. Phase II trial of recombinant immunotoxin RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22) in patients with hairy cell leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2983–2990.
  • Arons E, Stetler-Stevenson M, Wilson WH, et al. Pharmacokinetic analysis of response in hairy cell leukemia treated by anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox. Blood 2013;122(Suppl. 1): Abstract 2871.
  • Jones JA, Kraut EH, Deam D, et al. Hematologic improvement after flavopiridol treatment of pentostatin and rituximab refractory hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012;53:490–491.
  • Zinzani PL, Bonifazi F, Pellegrini C, et al. Hairy cell leukemia: allogeneic transplantation could be an optimal option in selected patients. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2012;12: 287–289.
  • Cheever MA, Fefer A, Greenberg PD, et al. Treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with chemoradiotherapy and identical-twin bone-marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1982;307:479–481.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.