Publication Cover
Endothelium
Journal of Endothelial Cell Research
Volume 7, 2000 - Issue 4
51
Views
112
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Effects of HIV Infection on Endothelial Function

, , , , &
Pages 223-242 | Received 01 Mar 2000, Published online: 13 Jul 2009

References

  • Adamson D. C., Dawson T. M., Zink M. C., Clements J. E., Dawson V. L. Neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus infection induces neuronal, endothelial, and glial apoptosis. Mol. Med 1996; 2: 417–428
  • Ades E. W., Hierholzer J. C., George V., Black J., Candal F. Viral susceptibility of an immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line. J. Virol. Methods 1992; 39: 83–90
  • Albini A., Barillari G., Benelli R., Gallo R. C., Ensoli B. Angiogenic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1995; 92: 4838–4842
  • Albini A., Soldi R., Giunciuglio D., Giraudo E., Benelli R., Primo L., Noonan D., Salio M., Camussi G., Rockl W., Bussolino F. The angiogenesis induced by HIV-1 tat protein is mediated by the Flk- 1/KDR receptor on vascular endothelial cells. Nat. Med 1996; 2: 1371–1375
  • Ameisen J. C., Estaquier J., Idziorek T., De Bels F. Programmed cell death and AIDS pathogenesis: significance and potential mechanisms. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol 1995; 200: 195–211
  • Annunziata P., Cioni C., Toneatto S., Paccagnini E. HIV-1 gp120 increases the permeability of rat brain endothelium cultures by a mechanism involving substance P. AIDS 1998; 12: 2377–2385
  • Bagasra O., Lavi E., Bobroski L., Khalili K., Pestaner J. P., Tawadros R., Pomerantz R. J. Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals: identification by the combination of in situ polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. AIDS 1996; 10: 573–585
  • Bajetto A., Bonavia R., Barbero S., Piccioli P., Costa A., Florio T., Schettini G. Glial and neuronal cells express functional chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its natural ligand stromal cell-derived factor. J. Neurochem 1999; 73: 2348–2357
  • Banks W. A., Akerstrom V., Kastin A. J. Adsorptive endocytosis mediates the passage of HIV-1 across the blood- brain barrier: evidence for a post-internalization coreceptor. J. Cell Sci 1998; 111: 533–540
  • Banks W. A., Kastin A. J., Akerstrom V. HIV-1 protein gp120 crosses the blood-brain barrier: role of adsorptive endocytosis. Life Sci 1997; 61: L119–L125
  • Barbara G., Di Lorenzo G., Grisorio B., Barbarini G. Incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and detection of HIV in myocardial cells of HIV-positive patients. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Cardiologico dei Pazienti Affetti da AIDS. N. Engl. J. Med 1998; 339: 1093–1099
  • Barillari G., Sgadari C., Fiorelli V., Samaniego F., Colombini S., Manzari V., Modesti A., Nair B. C., Cafaro A., Sturzl M., Ensoli B. The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 promotes vascular cell growth and locomotion by engaging the alphasbetal and alphavbeta3 integrins and by mobilizing sequestered basic fibroblast growth factor. Blood 1999; 94: 663–672
  • Barnes P. J. Nuclear factor-kappa B. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol 1997; 29: 867–870
  • Behrens G., Schmidt H., Meyer D., Stoll M., Schmidt R. E. Vascular complications associated with use of HIV protease inhibitors [letter; comment]. Lancet 1998; 351: 1958–1958
  • Birdsall H. H., Trial J., Lin H. J., Green D. M., Sorrentino G. W., Siwak E. B., De Jong A. L., Rossen R. D. Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected donors: a mechanism for extravascular dissemination of HIV-1. J. Immunol 1997; 158: 5968–5977
  • Bombeli T., Karsan A., Tait J. F., Harlan J. M. Apoptotic vascular endothelial cells become procoagulant. Blood 1997; 89: 2429–2442
  • Borish L., Rosenwasser L. J. Update on cytokines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol 1996; 97: 719–33
  • Bragardo M., Buonfiglio D., Feito M. J., Bonissoni S., Redoglia V., Rojo J. M., Ballcster S., Portoles P., Garbarino G., Malavasi F., Dianzani U. Modulation of lymphocyte interaction with endothelium and homing by HIV- 1 gp120. J. Immunol 1997; 159: 1619–1627
  • Brand K., Page S., Walli A. K., Neumeier D., Baeuerle P. A. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in atherogenesis. Exp. Physiol 1997; 82: 297–304
  • Canque B., Marandin A., Rosenzwajg M., Louache F., Vainchenker W., Gluckman J. C. Susceptibility of human bone marrow stromal cells to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Virology 1995; 208: 779–783
  • Cenacchi G., Re M. C., Preda P., Pasquinelli G., Furlini G., Apkarian R. P., La Placa M., Martinelli G. N. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection of endothelial cells in vitro: a virological, ultrastructural and immuno-cytochemical approach. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 1992; 24: 155–161
  • Chen C. C., Manning A. M. TGF-beta 1, IL-10 and IL-4 differentially modulate the cytokine- induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells. Cytokine 1996; 8: 58–65
  • Cohen O. J., Kinter A., Fauci A. S. Host factors in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. Immunol. Rev 1997; 159: 31–48
  • Conaldi P. G., Serra C., Dolei A., Basolo F., Falcone V., Mariani G., Speziale P., Toniolo A. Productive HIV-1 infection of human vascular endothelial cells requires cell proliferation and is stimulated by combined treatment with interleukin-1 beta plus tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Med. Virol 1995; 47: 355–363
  • Constans J., Guerin V., Couchouron A., Seigneur M., Ryman A., Blann A. D., Amiral J., Amara A., Peuchant E., Moreau J. F., Pellegrin I., Pellegrin J. L., Fleury H., Leng B., Conri C. Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids or human beta 2- glycoprotein I in HIV-seropositive patients: relationship with endothelial activation and antimalonic dialdehyde antibodies. Eur. J. Clin. Invest 1998a; 28: 115–122
  • Constant J., Marchand J. M., Conri C., Peuchant E., Seigneur M., Rispal P., Lasseur C., Pellegrin J. L., Leng B. Asymptomatic atherosclerosis in HIV-positive patients: A case-control ultrasound study. Ann. Med 1995; 27: 683–685
  • Constans J., Seigneur M., Blann A. D., Renard M., Resplandy F., Amiral J., Guerin V., Boisseau M. R., Conri C. Effect of the antioxidants selenium and beta-carotene on HIV- related endothelium dysfunction. Thromb. Haemost 1998b; 80: 1015–1017
  • Corbeil J., Evans L. A., McQueen P. W., Vasak E., Edward P. D., Richman D. D., Penny R., Cooper D. A. Productive in vitro infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and three colon carcinoma cell lines with HIV-1. Immunol. Cell Biol 1995; 73: 140–145
  • Dang C. T., Magid M. S., Weksler B., Chadburn A., Laurence J. Enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis in splenic tissues of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1999; 93: 1264–1270
  • Demarchi F., D'Adda Di Fagagna F., Falaschi A., Giacca M. Activation of transcription factor NF-kappab by the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol 1996; 70: 4427–4437
  • Dhawan S., Puri R. K., Kumar A., Duplan H., Masson J. M., Aggarwal B. B. Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat protein induces the cell surface expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human endothelial cells. Blood 1997; 90: 1535–1544
  • Dianzani F., Scheglovitova O., Gentile M., Scanio V., Barresi C., Ficociello B., Bianchi F., Fiumara D., Capobianchi M. R. Interferon gamma stimulates cell-mediated transmission of HIV type 1 from abortively infected endothelial cells. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 1996; 12: 621–627
  • Drouet L., Scrobohaci M. L., Janier M., Baudin B. Endothelial cells: target for the HIV 1 virus. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol 1990; 32: 103–106
  • Edinger A. L., Hoffman T. L., Sharron M., Lee B., Yi Y., Choe W., Kolson D. L., Mitrovic B., Zhou Y., Faulds D., Collman R. G., Hesselgesser J., Horuk R., Doms R. W. An orphan seven-transmembrane domain receptor expressed widely in the brain functions as a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol 1998; 72: 7934–7940
  • Edinger A. L., Mankowski J. L., Doranz B. J., Margulies B. J., Lee B., Rucker J., Sharron M., Hoffman T. L., Berson J. F., Zink M. C., Hirsch V. M., Clements J. E., Doms R. W. CD4-independent, CCR5-depcndent infection of brain capillary endothelial cells by a neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus strain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1997; 94: 14742–14747
  • Endres M. J., Clapham P. R., Marsh M., Ahuja M., Turner J. D., McKnight A., Thomas J. F., Stoebenau-Haggarty B., Choe S., Vance P. J., Wells T. N., Power C. A., Sutterwala S. S., Doms R. W., Landau N. R., Hoxie J. A. CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 is mediated by fusin/CXCR4. Cell 1996; 87: 745–756
  • Faulk W. P., Labarrere C. A. HIV proteins in normal human placentae. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol 1991; 25: 99–104
  • Feil C., Augustin H. G. Endothelial cells differentially express functional CXC-chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR-4/fusin) under the control of autocrine activity and exogenous cytokines. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 1998; 247: 38–45
  • Finkel T. H., Tudor-Williams G., Banda N. K., Cotton M. F., Curiel T., Monks C., Baba T. W., Ruprecht R. M., Kupfer A. Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes [see comments]. Nat. Med 1995; 1: 129–134
  • Fiorelli V., Barillari G., Toschi E., Sgadari C., Monini P., Sturzl M., Ensoli B. IFN-gamma induces endothelial cells to proliferate and to invade the extracellular matrix in response to the HIV-1 Tat protein: implications for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. J. Immunol 1999; 162: 1165–1170
  • Fiorelli V., Gendelman R., Sirianni M. C., Chang H. K., Colombini S., Markham P. D., Monini P., Sonnabend J., Pintus A., Gallo R. C., Ensoli B. Gamma-Interferon produced by CD8+ T cells infiltrating Kaposi's sarcoma induces spindle cells with angiogenic phenotype and synergy with human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein: an immune response to human herpesvirus-8 infection. Blood 1998; 91: 956–967
  • Frankel S. S., Wenig B. M., Burke A. P., Mannan P., Thompson L. D., Abbondanzo S. L., Nelson A. M., Pope M., Steinman R. M. Replication of HIV-1 in dendritic cell-derived syncytia at the mucosal surface of the adenoid. Science 1996; 272: 115–117
  • Frenette P. S., Wagner D. D. Adhesion molecules-Part I. N. Engl. J. Med 1996b; 334: 1526–1529
  • Frenette P. S., Wagner D. D. Adhesion molecules—Part II: Blood vessels and blood cells. N. Engl. J. Med 1996a; 335: 43–45
  • Galle J., Heermeier K., Wanner C. Atherogenic lipoproteins, oxidative stress, and cell death. Kidney Int. Suppl 1999a; 71: S62–S65
  • Galle J., Schneider R., Heinloth A., Wanner C., Galle P. R., Conzelmann E., Dimmeler S., Heermeier K. Lp(a) and LDL induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells and in rabbit aorta: role of oxidative stress. Kidney Int 1999b; 55: 1450–1461
  • Gariano R. F., Rickman L. S., Freeman W. R. Ocular examination and diagnosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. West J. Med 1993; 158: 254–262
  • Gibellini D., Zauli G., Re M. C., Milani D., Furlini G., Caramelli E., Capitani S., La Placa M. Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein sequentially up-regulates IL-6 and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in peripheral blood monocytes. Br. J. Haematol 1994; 88: 261–267
  • Grafe M., Steinheider G., Desaga U., Warnecke C., Lehmkuhl H. B., Regitz-Zagrosek V., Hildebrandt A. G., Fleck E. Characterization of two distinct mechanisms for induction of apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells. Clin. Chem. Lab Med 1999; 37: 505–510
  • Green D. F., Resnick L., Bourgoignie J. J. HIV infects glomerular endothelial and mesangial but not epithelial cells in vitro. Kidney Int 1992; 41: 956–960
  • Gupta S. K., Lysko P. G., Pillarisetti K., Ohlstein E., Stadel J. M. Chemokine receptors in human endothelial cells. Functional expression of CXCR4 and its transcriptional regulation by inflammatory cytokines. J. Biol. Chem 1998; 273: 4282–4287
  • Harrington W. J., Jr., Bagasra O., Sosa C. E., Bobroski L. E., Baurn M., Wen X. L., Cabral L., Byrne G. E., Pomerantz R. J., Wood C. Human herpesvirus type 8 DNA sequences in cell-free plasma and mononuclear cells of Kaposi's sarcoma patients [see comments]. J. Infect. Dis 1996; 174: 1101–1105
  • Herbein G., Keshav S., Collin M., Montaner L. J., Gordon S. HIV- Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor and IL-1 Gene Expression in Primary Human Macrophages Independent of Productive Infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 95: 442–449, Ref Type: Journal (Full)
  • Hofman F. M., Chen P., Incardona F., Zidovetzki R., Hinton D. R. HIV-1 tat protein induces the production of interleukin-8 by human brain-derived endothelial cells. J. Neuroimmunol 1999; 94: 28–39
  • Hofman F. M., Wright A. D., Dohadwala M. M., Wong-Staal F., Walker S. M. Exogenous tat protein activates human endothelial cells [see comments]. Blood 1993; 82: 2774–2780
  • Huang M. B., Hunter M., Bond V. C. Effect of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 on primary human vascular endothelial cell cultures. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 1999; 15: 1265–1277
  • Iurlaro M., Benelli R., Masiello L., Rosso M., Santi L., Albini A. beta Interferon inhibits HIV-1 Tat-induced angiogenesis: synergism with 13-cis retinoic acid. Eur. J. Cancer 1998; 34: 570–576
  • Janier M., Flageul B., Drouet L., Scrobohaci M. L., Villette J. M., Palangie A., Cottenot F. Cutaneous and plasma values of von Willebrand factor in AIDS: a marker of endothelial stimulation. J. Invest. Dermatol 1988; 90: 703–707
  • Joshi V. V., Pawel B., Connor E., Sharer L., Oleske J. M., Morrison S., Marin-Garcia J. Arteriopathy in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Pediatr. Pathol 1987; 7: 261–275
  • Kelley J., Chi D. S., Henry J., Stone W. L., Smith J. K., Krishnaswamy G. HIV- and cocaine-induced cardiovascular disease: pathogenesis and clinical implications. Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 2000, In Press
  • Krishnaswamy G., Kelley J., Yerra L., Smith J. K., Chi D. S. Human endothelium us a source of multifunctional cytokines: molecular regulation and possible role in human disease. J. Interferon. Cytokine. Res 1999; 19: 91–104
  • Krishnaswamy G., Smith J. K., Mukkamala R., Hall K., Joyner W. L.Y., Chi D. S. Multifunctional cytokine expression by human coronary endothelium and regulation by monokines and glucocorticoids. Microvasc. Res 1998; 55: 189–200
  • Lafeuillade A., Alessi M. C., Poizot-Martin I., Boyer-Neumann C., Zandotti C., Quifichini R., Auhert L., Tamalet C., Juhan-Vague I., Gastaut J. A. Endothelial cell dysfunction in HIV infection. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr 1992; 5: 127–131
  • Lafon M. E., Gendrault J. L., Royer C., Jaeck D., Kirn A., Steffan A. M. Human endothelial cells isolated from the hepatic sinusoids and the umbilical vein display a different permissiveness for HIV1. Res. Virol 1993; 144: 99–104
  • Lafon M. E., Steffan A. M., Royer C., Jaeck D., Beretz A., Kirn A., Gendrault J. L. HIV-1 infection induces functional alterations in human liver endothelial cells in primary culture. AIDS 1994; 8: 747–752
  • Lafrenic R. M., Wahl L. M., Epstein J. S., Hewlett I. K., Yamada K. M., Dhawan S. HIV-1-Tat modulates the function of monocyles and alters their interactions with microvessel endothelial cells. A mechanism of HIV pathogenesis. J. Immunol 1996a; 156: 1638–1645
  • Lafrenie R. M., Wahl L. M., Epstein J. S., Hewlett I. K., Yamada K. M., Dhawan S. HIV-1-Tat protein promotes chemotaxis and invasive behavior by monocytes. J. Immunol 1996b; 157: 974–977
  • Lafrenic R. M., Wahl L. M., Epstein J. S., Yamada K. M., Dhawan S. Activation of monocytes by HIV-Tat treatment is mediated by cytokine expression. J. Immunol 1997; 159: 4077–4083
  • Lane H. C., Fauci A. S. Immunologic abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Annu. Rev. Immunol 1985; 3: 477–500
  • Laurence J., Mitra D., Steiner M., Staiano-Coico L., Jaffe E. Plasma from patients with idiopathic and human immunodeficiency virus- associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induces apoptosis in microvascular endothelial cells. Blood 1996; 87: 3245–3254
  • Lavi E., Strizki J. M., Ulrich A. M., Zhang W., Fu L., Wang Q., O'Connor M., Hoxie J. A., Gonzalez-Scarano F. CXCR-4 (Fusin), a co-receptor for the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is expressed m the human brain in a variety of cell types, including microglia and neurons. Am. J. Pathol 1997; 151: 1035–1042
  • Liao J. K. Endothelium and acute coronary syndromes. Clin. Chem 1998; 44: 1799–1808
  • Lifson J. D., Reyes G. R., McGrath M. S., Stein B. S., Engleman E. G. AIDS retrovirus induced cytopathology: giant cell formation and involvement of CD4 antigen. Science 1986; 232: 1123–1127
  • Lipshultz S. E. Dilated cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected patients. N. Engl. J. Med 1998; 339: 1153–1155
  • Madri J. A., Bell L., Marx M., Merwin J. R., Basson C., Prinz C. Effects of soluble factors and extracellular matrix components on vascular cell behavior in vitro and in vivo: models of de- endothelialization and repair. J. Cell Biochem 1991; 45: 123–130
  • Mandell B. F., Calabrese L. H. Infections and systemic vasculitis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol 1998; 10: 51–57
  • Maniker A. H., Hunt C. D. Cerebral aneurysm in the HIV patient: a report of six cases. Surg. Neural 1996; 46: 49–54
  • Marks C., Kuskov S. Pattern of arterial aneurysms in acquired immunodeficiency disease. Vorld J. Surg 1995; 9: 27–132
  • Martin A. W., Brady K., Smith S. I., Decoste D., Page D. V., Malpica A., Wolf B., Nciman R. S. Immunohistochemical localization of human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen in placental tissue. Hum. Pathol 1992; 23: 411–414
  • Meltzer M. S., Skillman D. R., Hoover D. L., Hanson B. D., Turpin J. A., Kalter D. C., Gendelman H. E. Macrophages and the human immunodeficiency virus. Immunol. Today 1990; 11: 217–223
  • Milei J., Grana D., Fernandez Alonso G., Matturri L. Cardiac involvement in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—a review to push action. The Committee for the Study of Cardiac Involvement in AIDS. Clin. Cardiol 1998; 21: 465–472
  • Mitola S., Soldi R., Zanon I., Barra L., Gutierrez M. I., Berkhout B., Giacca M., Bussolino F. Identification of specific molecular structures of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat relevant for its biological effects on vascular endothelial cells. J. Virol 2000; 74: 344–353
  • Monsuez J. J., Ferchal E., Evans J., Lachurie M. L., Passeron J. Acute myocarditis mimicking myocardial infarction in an HIV infected patient [letter]. Eur. Heart J 1996; 17: 1449–1449
  • Moreno R., Villacastin J. P., Bueno H., Lopez De Sa E., Lopez-Sendon J. L., Bobadilla J. F., Garcia-Fernandez M. A., Delcan J. L. Clinical and echocardiographic findings in HIV patients with pericardial effusion. Cardiology 1997; 88: 397–400
  • Moses A. V., Bloom F. E., Pauza C. D., Nelson J. A. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human brain capillary endothelial cells occurs via a CD4/galactosylceramide-independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1993; 90: 10474–10478
  • Moses A. V., Nelson J. A. HIV infection of human brain capillary endothelial cells— implications for AIDS dementia. Adv. Neuroimmunol 1994; 4: 239–247
  • Moses A. V., Williams S., Heneveld M. L., Strussenberg J., Rarick M., Loveless M., Bagby G., Nelson J. A. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of bone marrow endothelium reduces induction of stromal hematopoietic growth factors. Blood 1996; 87: 919–925
  • Moses A. V., Williams S. E., Strussenberg J. G., Heneveld M. L., Ruhl R. A., Bakke A. C., Bagby G. C., Nelson J. A. HIV-1 induction of CD40 on endothelial cells promotes the outgrowth of AIDS-associated B-cell lymphomas. Nat. Med 1997; 3: 1242–1249
  • Mrowiec T., Melehar C., Gorski A. HIV-protein-mediated alterations in T cell interactions with the extra-cellular matrix proteins and endothelium. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz) 1997; 45: 255–259
  • Nordoy I., Aukrust P., Muller F., Froland S. Abnormal Levels of Ciculating Adhesion Molecules in HIV-1 Infection with Characteristic Alterations in Opportunistic Infections. Clinical Immunolgy and Immunopathology 1996; 81(1)16–21
  • Nottet H. S., Persidsky Y., Sasseville V. G., Nukuna A. N., Bock P., Zhai Q. H., Sharer L. R., McComb R. D., Swindells S., Soderland C., Gendelman H. E. Mechanisms for the transendothelial migration of HIV-1-infected monocytes into brain. J. Immunol 1996; 156: 1284–1295
  • Peluso R., Haase A., Stowring L., Edwards M., Ventura P. A Trojan Horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes. Virology 1985; 147: 231–236
  • Pepose J. S., Holland G. N., Nestor M. S., Cochran A. J., Foos R. Y. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Pathogenic mechanisms of ocular disease. Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 472–484
  • Periard D., Telenti A., Sudre P., Cheseaux J. J., Halfon P., Reymond M. J., Marcovina S. M., Glauser M. P., Nicod P., Darioli R., Mooser V. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals treated with protease inhibitors. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Circulation 1999; 100: 700–705
  • Petito C. K., Kerza-Kwiatecki A. P., Gendelman H. E., McCarthy M., Nath A., Podack E. R., Shapshak P., Wiley C. A. Review: neuronal injury in HIV infection. J. Neurovirol 1999; 5: 327–341
  • Poland S. D., Rice G. P., Dekaban G. A. HIV-1 infection of human brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol 1995; 8: 437–445
  • Pumarola-Sune T., Navia B. A., Cordon-Cardo C., Cho E. S., Price R. W. HIV antigen in the brains of patients with the AIDS dementia complex. Ann. Neurol 1987; 21: 490–496
  • Raychaudhuri S. P., Farber E. M., Raychaudhuri S. K. Immunomodulatory effects of peptide T on Th 1/Th 2 cytokines. Int. J. Immunopharmacol 1999; 21: 609–615
  • Re M. C., Furlini G., Cenacchi G., Preda P., La Placa M. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of endothelial cells in vitro. Microbiologica 1991; 14: 149–152
  • Rhodes R. H. Evidence of serum-protein leakage across the blood-brain barrier in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol 1991; 50: 171–183
  • Rinfret A., Latendresse H., Lefebvre R., St Louis G., Jolicoeur P., Lamarre L. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected multinucleated histiocytes in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues from two asymptomatic patients. Am. J. Pathol 1991; 138: 421–426
  • Rolinski B., Geier S. A., Sadri I., Klauss V., Bogner J. R., Ehrenreich H., Goebel F. D. Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma is elevated in HIV-1 infected patients with retinal microangiopathic syndrome. Clin. Investig 1994; 72: 288–293
  • Sanders V. J., Pittman C. A., White M. G., Wang G., Wiley C. A., Achim C. L. Chemokines and receptors in HIV encephalitis. AIDS 1998; 12: 1021–1026
  • Scheglovitova O., Capobianchi M. R., Antonelli G., Guanmu D., Fais S., Dianzani F. CD4 positive lymphoid cells rescue HIV-1 replication from abortively infected human primary endothelial cells. Int. Conf. AIDS 1993; 9: 142
  • Schved J. F., Gris J. C., Arnaud A., Martinez P., Sanchez N., Wautier J. L., Sarlat C. von Willebrand factor antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, and risk of death in human immunodeficiency virus 1-related clinical disease: independent prognostic relevance of tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Lab Clin. Med 1992; 120: 411–419
  • Scoazec J. Y., Feldmann G. Both macrophages and endothelial cells of the human hepatic sinusoid express the CD4 molecule, a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus [see comments]. Hepatology 1990; 12: 505–510
  • Seigneur M., Constans J., Blann A., Renard M., Pellegrin J. L., Amiral J., Boisseau M., Conri C. Soluble adhesion molecules and endothelial cell damage in HIV infected patients. Thromb. Haemost 1997; 77: 646–649
  • Shatrov V. A., Ratter F., Gruber A., Droge W., Lehmann V. HIV type 1 glycoprotein 120 amplifies tumor necrosis factor- induced NF- kappa B activation in Jurkat cells. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 1996; 12: 1209–1216
  • Shi B., De Girolami U., He J., Wang S., Lorenzo A., Busciglio J., Gabuzda D. Apoptosis induced by HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system. J. Clin. Invest 1996; 98: 1979–1990
  • Shieh J. T., Albright A. V., Sharron M., Gartner S., Strizki J., Doms R. W., Gonzalez-Scarano F. Chemokine receptor utilization by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that replicate in microglia. J. Virol 1998; 72: 4243–4249
  • Sinzobahamvya N., Kalangu K., Hamel-Kalinowski W. Arterial aneurysms associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Acta Chir. Belg 1989; 89: 185–188
  • Skolnik P. R., Pomerantz R. J., De La Monte S. M., Lee S. F., Hsiung G. D., Foos R. Y., Cowan G. M., Kosloff B. R., Hirsch M. S., Pepose J. S. Dual infection of retina with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. Am. J. Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 361–372
  • Stefano G. B., Salzet M., Bilfinger T. V. Long-term exposure of human blood vessels to HIV gp120. morphine, and anandamide increases endothelial adhesion of monocytes: uncoupling of nitric oxide release. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol 1998; 31: 862–868
  • Steffan A. M., Lafon M. E., Gendrault J. L., Schweitzer C., Royer C., Jaeck D., Arnaud J. P., Schmitt M. P., Aubertin A. M., Kirn A. Primary cultures of endothelial cells from the human liver sinusoid are permissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1992; 89: 1582–1586
  • Steffan A. M., Lafon M. E., Gendrault J. L., Smedsrod B., Nonnenmacher H., Koehren F., Gut J. P., De Monte M., Martin J. P., Royer C., Kirn A. Productive infection of primary cultures of endothelial cells from the cat liver sinusoid with the feline immunodeficiency virus. Hepatology 1996; 23: 964–970
  • Strelow L. I., Watry D. D., Fox H. S., Nelson J. A. Efficient infection of brain microvascular endothelial cells by an in vivo-selected neuroinvasive SIVmac variant. J. Neurovirol 1998; 4: 269–280
  • Sylwester A., Daniels K., Soll D. R. The invasive and destructive behavior of HIV-induced T cell syncytia on collagen and endothelium. J. Leukoc. Biol 1998; 63: 233–244
  • Tinkle B. T., Ngo L., Luciw P. A., Maciag T., Jay G. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated vasculopathy in transgenic mice. J. Virol 1997; 71: 4809–4814
  • Toneatto S., Finco O., Van Der P. H., Abrignani S., Annunziata P. Evidence of blood-brain barrier alteration and activation in HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice. AIDS 1999; 13: 2343–2348
  • Vallat A. V., De Girolami U., He J., Mhashilkar A., Marasco W., Shi B., Gray F., Bell J., Keohane C., Smith T. W., Gabuzda D. Localization of HIV-1 co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in the brain of children with AIDS. Am. J. Pathol 1998; 152: 167–178
  • Villegas-Castrejon H., Paredes-Vivas Y., Flores-Rivera E., Gorbea-Robles M. C., Arredondo-Garcia J. L. [Comparative study of the placenta from HIV + mothers. Ultrastructural analysis]. Ginecol. Obstet. Mex 1996; 64: 167–176
  • Wahl L. M., Corcoran M. L., Pyle S. W., Arthur L. O., Harel-Bellan A., Farrar W. L. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Glycoprotein (gp120) Induction of Monocyte Arachidonic Acid Metabolites and Interleukin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 621–625
  • Wiley C. A., Schrier R. D., Nelson J. A., Lampert P. W., Oldstone M. B. Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1986; 83: 7089–7093
  • Yunis N. A., Stone V. E. Cardiac manifestations of HIV/AIDS: a review of disease spectrum and clinical management. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retroviol 1998; 18: 145–154
  • Zauli G., Davis B. R., Re M. C., Visani G., Furlini G., La Placa M. tat protein stimulates production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by marrow macrophages: a potential mechanism for human immunodeficiency virus-1-induced hematopoietic suppression. Blood 1992; 80: 3036–3043
  • Zidovetzki R., Wang J. L., Chen P., Jeyaseelan R., Hofman F. Human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein induces interleukin 6 mRNA expression in human brain endothelial cells via protein kinase C- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathways. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 1998; 14: 825–833
  • Zietz C., Hotz B., Sturzl M., Rauch E., Penning R., Lohrs U. Aortic endothelium in HIV-1 infection: chronic injury, activation, and increased leukocyte adherence. Am. J. Pathol 1996; 149: 1887–1898

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.