References
- Scott JM, Weir DG. Folic acid, homocysteine and one-carbon metabolism: a review of the essential biochemistry. J Cardiovasc Risk 1998;5:223–7.
- Folbergrová J. NMDA and not non-NMDA receptor antagonists are protective against seizures induced by homocysteine in neonatal rats. Exp Neurol 1994;130:344–50.
- Lipton SA, Kim WK, Choi YB, et al. Neurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:5923–8.
- Lalo U, Pankratov Y, Kirchhoff F, North RA, Verkhratsky A. NMDA receptors mediate neuron-to-glia signaling in mouse cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci 2006;26:2673–83.
- Krainc D, Bai G, Okamoto S, et al. Synergistic activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 promoter by myocyte enhancer factor 2C and Sp1. J Biol Chem 1998;273:26218–24.
- Qureshi I, Chen H, Brown AT, et al. Homocysteine-induced vascular dysregulation is mediated by the NMDA receptor. Vasc Med 2005;10:215–23.
- Duchen MR. Mitochondria in health and disease: perspectives on a new mitochondrial biology. Mol Aspects Med 2004;25:365–451.
- DiMicco J, Monroe AJ. Stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus elevates heart rate in rats. Am J Physiol 1996;270:R1115–21.
- Moshal KS, Singh M, Sen U, et al. Homocysteine-mediated activation and mitochondrial translocation of calpain regulates MMP-9 in MVEC. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006;291:H2825–35.
- Frey U, Müller M, Kuhl D. A different form of long-lasting potentiation revealed in tissue plasminogen activator mutant mice. J Neurosci 1996;16:2057–63.
- Mihm MJ, Yu F, Carnes CA, et al. Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001;104:174–80.
- Rosenberg GA. Matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation. Glia 2002;39:279–91.
- Tyagi N, Sedoris KC, Steed M, Ovechkin AV, Moshal KS, Tyagi SC. Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;289:H2649–56.
- Rucklidge GJ, Milne G, McGaw BA, Milne E, Robins SP. Turnover rates of different collagen types measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992;1156:57–61.
- Sood HS, Cox MJ, Tyagi SC. Generation of nitrotyrosine precedes activation of metalloproteinase in myocardium of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002;4:799–804.
- Limb GA, Matter K, Murphy G, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 associates with intracellular organelles and confers resistance to lamin A/C degradation during apoptosis. Am J Pathol 2005;166:1555–63.
- Moshal KS, Tipparaju SM, Vacek TP, et al. Mitochondrial matrix metalloproteinase activation decreases myocyte contractility in hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;295:H890–7.
- Heil SG, De Vriese AS, Kluijtmans LA, Mortier S, Den Heijer M, Blom HJ. The role of hyperhomocysteinemia in nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated vasodilatation. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2004;50:911–16.
- Rosenberger D, Moshal KS, Kartha GK, et al. Arrhythmia and neuronal/endothelial myocyte uncoupling in hyperhomocysteinemia. Arch Physiol Biochem 2006;112:219–27.
- Jongsma HJ, Wilders R. Gap junctions in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2000;86:1193–7.
- Kléber AG, Rudy Y. Basic mechanisms of cardiac impulse propagation and associated arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 2004;84:431–88.
- Li H, Brodsky S, Kumari S, et al. Paradoxical overexpression and translocation of connexin43 in homocysteine-treated endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;282:H2124–33.
- Hunt MJ, Tyagi SC. Peroxisome proliferators compete and ameliorate Hcy-mediated endocardial endothelial cell activation. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 2002;283:C1073–9.
- Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Boengler K, Cabestrero A, et al. Translocation of connexin 43 to the inner mitochondrial membrane of cardiomyocytes through the heat shock protein 90-dependent TOM pathway and its importance for cardioprotection. Circ Res 2006;99:93–101.
- Lindsey ML, Escobar GP, Mukherjee R, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 affects connexin-43 levels, electrical conduction, and survival after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006;113:2919–28.
- Lemasters JJ. Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. Rejuvenation Res 2005;8:3–5.
- Nakai A, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, et al. The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress. Nat Med 2007;13:619–24.
- Hickson-Bick DL, Jones C, Buja LM. Stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy by lipopolysaccharide in the neonatal rat cardiomyocyte protects against programmed cell death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008;44:411–18.
- Rothermel BA, Hill JA. Autophagy in load-induced heart disease. Circ Res 2008;103:1363–9.
- Moshal KS, Kumar M, Tyagi N, et al. Restoration of contractility in hyperhomocysteinemia by cardiac-specific deletion of NMDA-R1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;296:H887–92.
- Shiva S, Brookes PS, Darley-Usmar VM. Methods for measuring the regulation of respiration by nitric oxide. Methods Cell Biol 2007;80:395–416.
- Varela AT, Gomes AP, Simões AM, et al. Indirubin-3′-oxime impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and prevents mitochondrial permeability transition induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008;233:179–85.
- Tyagi N, Ovechkin AV, Lominadze D, Moshal KS, Tyagi SC. Mitochondrial mechanism of microvascular endothelial cells apoptosis in hyperhomocysteinemia. J Cell Biochem 2006;98:1150–62.
- Sen U, Tyagi N, Kumar M, Moshal KS, Rodriguez WE, Tyagi SC. Cystathionine-beta-synthase gene transfer and 3-deazaadenosine ameliorate inflammatory response in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 2007;293:C1779–87.
- Brahma MK, Dohare P, Varma S, et al. The neuronal apoptotic death in global cerebral ischemia in gerbil: important role for sodium channel modulator. J Neurosci Res 2009;87:1400–11.
- Tyagi SC, Ratajska A, Weber KT. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase(s): localization and activation. Mol Cell Biochem 1993;126:49–59.
- Lefer DJ, Granger DN. Oxidative stress and cardiac disease. Am J Med 2000;109:315–23.
- Levrand S, Pacher P, Pesse B, et al. Homocysteine induces cell death in H9C2 cardiomyocytes through the generation of peroxynitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;359:445–50.
- Tyagi N, Moshal KS, Ovechkin AV, et al. Mitochondrial mechanism of oxidative stress and systemic hypertension in hyperhomocysteinemia. J Cell Biochem 2005a;96:665–71.
- Sipkens JA, Krijnen PA, Meischl C, et al. Homocysteine affects cardiomyocyte viability: concentration-dependent effects on reversible flip-flop, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis 2007;12:1407–18.
- Dennis PB, Mercer CA. The GST-BHMT assay and related assays for autophagy. Meth Enzymol 2009;452:97–118.
- Gao X, Xu X, Pang J, et al. NMDA receptor activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Physiol Res 2007;56:559–69.
- Scherz-Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L, Elazar Z. Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBO J 2007;26:1749–60.
- Wang W, Upshaw L, Strong DM, Robertson RP, Reems J. Increased oxygen consumption rates in response to high glucose detected by a novel oxygen biosensor system in non-human primate and human islets. J Endocrinol. 2005 Jun;185(3):445–55.