Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Attitudes Toward Non-Drinkers

REFERENCES

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, P., & Baumberg, B. (2006). Alcohol in Europe: A public health perspective. A report for the European commission. Institute of Alcohol Studies, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Bem, D. J. (1967). Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review, 74, 183–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, P. L., & Vincent, S. (1980). Development and validation of the sexist attitudes toward women scale (SATWS). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 276–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2001). Peer influences on college drinking: A review of the research. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 391–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, S. A. (1985). Reinforcement expectancies and alcoholism treatment outcome after a one-year follow-up. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46, 304–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. A., Goldman, M. S., Inn, A., & Anderson, L. R. (1980). Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 419–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunello, N., den Boer, J. A., Judd, L. L., Kasper, S., Kelsey, J. E., Lader, M., (2000). Social phobia: Diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 60, 61–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd, T., & Marshall, T. (1997). Relating information technology investment to organizational performance: A causal model analysis. Omega: International Journal of Management Science, 25, 43–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, K., Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2005). The validity of the brief form of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 345–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 162–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin, C. (1997). Reasons for drinking versus outcome expectancies in the prediction of college student drinking. Substance Use and Misuse, 32, 1287–1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempster, M., Newell, G., & Marley, J. (2005). Explaining binge drinking among adolescent males using the theory of planned behaviour. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 26, 17–24.
   Google Scholar
• DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Eissenberg, T. (2004). Measuring the emergence of tobacco dependence: The contribution of negative reinforcement models. Addiction, 99, 5–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Embree, B. G., & Whitehead, P. C. (1993). Validity and reliability of self-reported drinking behavior: Dealing with the problem of response bias. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54, 334–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engels, R. C. M. E., Wiers, R., Lemmers, L., & Overbeek, G. (2005). Drinking motives, alcohol expectancies, self-efficacy, and drinking patterns. Journal of Drug Education, 35, 147– 166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engs, R. C. (2002). Drinking practices and patterns among collegians. SSSP Newsletter, 33, 12–14.
   Google Scholar
• Engs, R. C., & Hanson, D. J. (1989). Reactance theory: A test with collegiate drinking. Psychological Reports, 64, 1083–1086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2007). Attitudes towards alcohol: A special Eurobarometer report.
   Google Scholar
• Fehm, L., Pelissolo, A., Furmark, T., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2005). Size and burden of social phobia in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 453–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Hasin, D. S., & Carpenter, K. M. (1998). Difficulties with questions on usual drinking and the measurement of alcohol consumption. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 580–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge, D. R., & Gillespie, D. F. (2003). Phrase completions: An alternative to Likert scales. Social Work Research, 27(1), 45–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge, D. R., & Gillespie, D. F. (2007). Phrase completion scales: A better measurement approach than Likert scales? Journal of Social Service Research, 33(4), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, R. L. (2002). Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 404–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, M. H., & Kuo, F. Y. (2003). The effect of organization-based self-esteem and deindividuation in protecting personal information privacy. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 305–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, K. L., & White, K. M. (2003). Binge-drinking: A test of the role of group norms in the theory of planned behaviour. Psychology and Health, 18, 63–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G., & Engels, R. (2005). Why do young people drink? A review of drinking motives. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 841–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2001). Individual differences in the need to belong. Unpublished manuscript, Winston Salem, NC: Wake Forrest University.
   Google Scholar
• Leigh, B. C., & Stacy, A. W. (1993). Alcohol outcome expectancies: Scale construction, predictive utility in higher order confirmatory models. Psychological Assessment, 5, 216– 229.
   Google Scholar
• Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, T. G., & Morrison, M. A. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Swansea muscularity attitudes questionnaire (SMAQ). Body Image, 3, 131–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcomb, M. D. (1994). Drug use and intimate relationships among women and men: Separating specific from general effects in prospective data using structural equation models. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 463–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, P., Bennett, P., & Lewis, H. (1998). Understanding binge drinking among young people: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Health Education Research: Theory and Practice, 13, 163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pancer, S. M., McMullen, L., Kabatoff, R. A., Johnson, K. G., & Pond, C. A. (1979). Conflict and avoidance in the helping situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1406–1411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, C., Gardner, W. L., & Knowles, M. L. (2004). Getting a cue: The need to belong influences attention to subtle social cues. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 30, 1095–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presley, C. A., Meilman, P. W., & Lyerla, R. (1995). Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses: Use, consequences, and perceptions of the campus environment (Vol. 2: 1990–1992). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
   Google Scholar
• Ramstedt, M., & Hope, A. (2005). The Irish drinking culture: Drinking and drinking-related harm, a European comparison. Dublin: Department of Health and Children.
   Google Scholar
• Sakai, J. T., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Long, R. J., & Crowley, T. J. (2006). Validity of transdermal alcohol monitoring: Fixed and self-regulated dosing. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 26–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher, K. J., Wood, M. D., Wood, P. K., & Raskin, G. (1996). Alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol use. A latent variable cross-lagged panel study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 561–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spijkerman, R., Van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Overbeek, G., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2007). The impact of peer and parental norms and behavior on adolescent drinking: The role of drinker prototypes. Psychology and Health, 22, 7– 29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stacy, A. W., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1993). Cognitive motivations and sensation seeking as long-term predictors of drinking problems. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12, 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffens, M. C. (2004). Is the implicit association test immune to faking? Experimental Psychology, 51, 165–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Developmental Psychology, 6, 1531–1543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephan, C. W. (1992). Intergroup anxiety and intergroup interaction: Prejudice, polemic or progress. In J. Lynch, C. Modgil, & S. Modgil (Eds.), Cultural diversity and the schools (Vol. 2, pp. 145–158). London, UK: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöber, J. (2001). The social desirability scale-17 (SDS-17): Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 17, 222–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1996). Group norms and the attitude–behavior relationship. A role for group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 776– 779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, H., Davenport, A., Dowdall, G., Moeykens, B., & Castillo, S. (1994). Health and behavioural consequences of binge drinking in college. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1672–1677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner, M. J., Walker, C. S., & Greene, J. W. (1995). Relation of alcohol expectancies to changes in problem drinking in college students. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 149, 733–739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood, M. D., Sher, K. J., & Strathman, A. (1996). Alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol use and problems. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57, 283–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar