Excess Mortality Among Injection Drug Users With AIDS, New York City (1999–2004)

REFERENCES

• Aberg, J. A., Gallant, J. E., Anderson, J., Oleske, J. M., Libman, H., Currier, J. S., (2004). Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 39, 609–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binswanger, I. A., Stern, M. F., Deyo, R. A., Heagerty, P. J., Cheadle, A., Elmore, J. G., (2007). Release from prison: A high risk of death for former inmates. New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 157–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Vital Statistics. (2006). Summary of Vital Statistics 2005, The City of New York. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Website http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/vs/vs.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1992). 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR—Recommendations and Reports, 41, 1–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 2005 (Vol. 17, Rev. ed.). Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Cowper, D. C., Kubal, J. D., Maynard, C., & Hynes, D. M. (2002). A primer and comparative review of major US mortality databases. Annals of Epidemiology, 12, 462–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Des Jarlais, D. C., Perlis, T., Arasteh, K., Torian, L. V., Hagan, H., Beatrice, S., (2005). Reductions in hepatitis C virus and HIV infections among injecting drug users in New York City, 1990–2001. AIDS, 19, S20–S25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fingerhood, M., Rastegar, D. A., & Jasinski, D. (2006). Five year outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected injection drug users in a primary care practice. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 25, 33–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, W., & Darke, S. (1998). Trends in opiate overdose deaths in Australia 1979–1995. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 52, 71–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller, D. I., & Stancliff, S. (2007). Providing naloxone to substance users for secondary administration to reduce overdose mortality in New York City. Public Health Reports, 122, 393–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hessol, N. A., Kalinowski, A., Benning, L., Mullen, J., Young, M., Palella, F., (2007). Mortality among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44, 287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIV Epidemiology Program. (2006). HIV epidemiology program 2nd semiannual report. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Website http:/www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/dires/epi_reports.shtml#quarterly
   Google Scholar
• HIV Epidemiology Program & Field Services Program. (2007). New York City HIV/AIDS annual surveillance statistics 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Website http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/ah/hivtables.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Jauncey, M. E., Taylor, L. K., & Degenhardt, L. J. (2005). The definition of opioid-related deaths in Australia: Implications for surveillance and policy. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 401–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochanek, K. D., Smith, B. L., & Anderson, R. N. (2001). Deaths: Preliminary data for 1999. National vital statistics reports (Vol. 49, No. 3). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Kohli, R., Lo, Y., Howard, A. A., Buono, D., Floris-Moore, M., Klein, R. S., (2005). Mortality in an urban cohort of HIV-infected and at-risk drug users in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41, 864–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N., Chen, J. T., Waterman, P. D., Soobader, M. J., Subramanian, S. V., & Carson, R. (2002). Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: Does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter? The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. American Journal of Epidemiology, 156, 471–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, L. M., McKenna, M. T., & Janssen, R. S. (2003). Classification of transmission risk in the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system. Public Health Reports, 118, 400–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie, J. K., Hsu, L. C., Osmond, D. H., Katz, M. H., & Schwarcz, S. K. (2002). Trends in causes of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, San Francisco, 1994–1998. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 186, 1023–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackoff, J. E., Hanna, D. B., Pfeiffer, M. R., & Torian, L. V. (2006). Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: New York City. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145, 397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selik, R. M., Anderson, R. N., McKenna, M. T., & Rosenberg, H. M. (2003). Increase in deaths caused by HIV infection due to changes in rules for selecting underlying cause of death. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 32, 62–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selik, R. M., Byers, R. H., Jr., & Dworkin, M. S. (2002). Trends in diseases reported on U.S. death certificates that mentioned HIV infection, 1987–1999. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 29, 378–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Vlahov, D., Galai, N., Cole, S. R., Bareta, J., Pollini, R., (2005). The effect of HIV infection on overdose mortality. AIDS, 19, 935–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1977). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 9th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1993). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, R., & Schwartz, S. (2008). Improving cause of death reporting. City Health Information, 27, 71–78.
   Google Scholar