714
Views
112
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Among Drug-Involved Women: Contexts Linking These Two Epidemics—Challenges and Implications for Prevention and Treatment

, , , &
Pages 295-306 | Published online: 08 Feb 2011

REFERENCES

  • Amaro, H. (1995). Love, sex and power: Considering women's realities in HIV prevention. American Psychologist, 50, 437–447.
  • Amaro, H., Fried, L. E., Cabral, H., & Zuckerman, B. (1990). Violence during pregnancy and substance abuse. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 575–579.
  • Amaro, H., & Raj, A. (2000). On the margin: The realities of power and women's HIV risk reduction strategies. Sex Roles, 42, 723–749.
  • Astin, M. C., Ogland-Hand, S. M., Coleman, E. M., & Foy, D. W. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder and childhood abuse in battered women: Comparisons with maritally distressed women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 308–312.
  • Bassuk, E. L., Buckner, J. C., Weinreb, L. F., Browne, A., Bassuk, S. S., Dawson, R., (1997). Homelessness in female-headed families: Childhood and adult risk and protective factors. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 241–248.
  • Beadnell, B., Baker, S. A., Morrison, D. M., & Knox, K. (2000). HIV/STD risk factors for women with violent male partners. Sex Roles, 42, 661–689.
  • Belenko, S., Lin, J., O'Connor, L., Sung, H., & Lynch, K. (2005). Sexual and physical victimization as predictors of HIV risk among felony drug offenders. AIDS and Behavior, 9, 311–323.
  • Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 216–222.
  • Brewer, D. D., Fleming, C. B., Haggerty, K. P., & Catalano, R. F. (1998). Drug use predictors of partner violence in opiate dependent women. Violence and Victims, 13, 107–116.
  • Caetano, R., Nelson, S., & Cunradi, C. (2001). Intimate partner violence, dependence symptoms and social consequences from drinking among white, black and Hispanic couples in the United States. American Journal of Addiction, 10(Suppl.), 60–69.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS—United States, 1981–2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55, 589–592.
  • Chermack, S., Fuller, B., & Blow, F. (2000). Predictors of expressed partner and non-partner violence among patients in substance abuse treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 58, 43–54.
  • Chiasson, M. A., Stoneburner, R. L., Lifson, A. R., Hildebrandt, D. S., Ewing, W. E., Schultz, S., (1990). Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in New York City. American Journal of Epidemiology, 131, 208–220.
  • Cohen, F. S., & Densen-Gerber, J. (1982). A study of the relationship between child abuse and drug addiction in 178 patients: Preliminary results. Child Abuse & Neglect, 6, 383–387.
  • Cottler, L. B., Compton, W. M., Mager, D., Spitznagel, E. L., & Janca, A. (1992). Post-traumatic stress disorder among substance users from the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 664–670.
  • Cunningham, R. M., Stiffman, A. R., Dore, P., & Earls, F. (1994). The association of physical and sexual abuse with HIV risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood: Implications for public health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 233–245.
  • Cunradi, C., Caetano, R., & Shafer, J. (2002). Alcohol-related problems, drug use, and male intimate partner violence severity among US couples. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 493–500.
  • Dansky, B. S., Byrne, C. A., & Brady, K. T. (1999). Intimate violence and post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals with cocaine dependence. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25, 257–268.
  • Edlin, B. R., Irwin, K. L., Faruque, S., McCoy, C., Word, C., Serrano, Y., (1994). Intersecting epidemics: Crack cocaine use and HIV infection in inner-city young adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 21, 1422–1427.
  • Edlin, B. R., Irwin, K. L., Ludwig, D. D., McCoy, H. V., Serrano, Y., Word, C., (1992). High-risk sex behavior among young street-recruited crack cocaine smokers in three American cities: An interim report. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 24, 363–371.
  • El-Bassel, N., Cooper, D., & Chen, D. R. (1998). Social support and social networks among women on methadone. Social Service Review, 72, 379–401.
  • El-Bassel, N., Fontdevila, J., Gilbert, L., Voisin, D., Richman, B., & Pitchell, P. (2001). HIV risks of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs who abuse their intimate partners: A forgotten issue. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 1–15.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Frye, V., Wu, E., Go, H., & Hill, J. (2004). Physical and sexual intimate partner violence among women in methadone maintenance treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 180–183.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Ivanoff, A., Schilling, R. F., Borne, D., & Safyer, S. F. (1996). Correlates of crack abuse among incarcerated women: Psychological trauma, social support and coping behavior. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 22, 41–56.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Krishnan, S., Schilling, R. F., Gaeta, T., Purpura, S., (1998). Partner violence and sexual HIV-risk behaviors among women in an inner-city emergency department. Violence and Victims, 13, 377–393.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., & Rajah, V. (2003). The relationship between drug abuse and sexual performance among women on methadone: Heightening the risk of sexual intimate violence and HIV. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1385–1403.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., & Frye, V. (2000). Fear and violence: Raising the HIV stakes. AIDS Education and Prevention, 12, 154–170.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Social support among women in methadone treatment who experience partner violence. Violence Against Women, 7, 246–274.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Schilling, R. F., & Wada, T. (2000). Drug abuse and partner violence among women in methadone treatment. Journal of Family Violence, 15, 209–225.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Witte, S., Wu, E., Gaeta, T., Schilling, R., (2003). Intimate partner violence and substance abuse among minority women receiving care from an inner-city emergency department. Women's Health Issues, 13, 16–22.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Wu, E., Chang, M., & Fontdevila, J. (2007). Perpetration of intimate partner violence among men in methadone treatment programs in New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1230–1232.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Wu, E., Go, H., & Hill, J. (2005a). HIV and intimate partner violence among methadone-maintained women in New York City. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 171–183.
  • El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Wu, E., Go, H., & Hill, J. (2005b). Relationship between drug abuse and intimate partner violence: A longitudinal study among women receiving methadone. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 465–470.
  • Fernandez, M. I. (1995). Latinas and AIDS: Challenges to HIV prevention efforts. In A. O'Leary & L. S. Jemmott (Eds.), AIDS prevention and mental health (pp. 159–174). New York: Plenum.
  • Field, C., & Caetano, R. (2003). Longitudinal model predicting partner violence among white, black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 1451–1458.
  • Fontdevila, J., El-Bassel, N., & Gilbert, L. (2005). Accounting for HIV risk among men on methadone. Sex Roles, 52, 609–624.
  • Freeman, R. C., Collier, K., & Parillo, K. M. (2002). Early life sexual abuse as a risk factor for crack cocaine use in a sample of community-recruited women at high risk for illicit drug use. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28, 109–132.
  • Freeman, R. C., Parillo, K. M., Collier, K., & Rusek, R. W. (2001). Child and adolescent sexual abuse history in a sample of 1,490 women sexual partners of injection drug-using men. Women and Health, 34, 33–53.
  • Frye, V., El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., & Christie, N. (2001). Intimate partner sexual abuse among women on methadone. Violence and Victims, 16, 553–564
  • Fullilove, M. T., Lown, A., & Fullilove, R. E. (1992). Crack “hos and skeezers”: Traumatic experiences of women crack users. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 257–287.
  • Geffner, R. (1992). Current issues and future directions in child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1, 1–13.
  • Gielen, A. C., McDonnell, K. A., & Ocampo, P. J. (2002). Intimate partner violence, HIV status, and sexual risk reduction. AIDS and Behavior, 6, 107–116.
  • Gielen, A. C., O'Campo, P., Anderson, J., Keller, J., & Faden, R. (2000). Women living with HIV: Disclosure, violence, and social support. Journal of Urban Health, 77, 480–491.
  • Gielen, A. C., O'Campo, P., Faden, R. R., & Eke, A. (1997). Women's disclosure of HIV status: Experiences of mistreatment and violence in an urban setting. Women and Health, 25, 19–31.
  • Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., Fontdevila, J., Frye, V., (2000). The converging epidemics of mood-altering-drug use, HIV, HCV, and partner violence: A conundrum for methadone maintenance treatment. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 67, 452–464.
  • Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Linking drug related activities with experiences of partner violence: A focus group study of women in methadone treatment. Violence and Victims, 16, 517–536.
  • Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., Schilling, R. F., Wada, T., & Bennet, B. (2000). Partner violence and sexual HIV risk behaviors among women in methadone treatment. AIDS and Behavior, 4, 261–269.
  • Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., Wu, E., & Chang, M. (2007). Intimate partner violence and HIV risks: A longitudinal study of men on methadone. Journal of Urban Health, 84, 667–680.
  • Gil-Rivas, V., Fiorentine, R., Anglin, M. D., & Taylor, E. (1997). Sexual and physical abuse: Do they compromise drug user treatment outcomes? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 14, 351–358.
  • Go, V. F., Sethulakshmi, C. J., Bentley, M. E., Sivaram, S., Srikrishnan, A. K., Solomon, S., (2003). When HIV-prevention messages and gender norms clash: The impact of domestic violence on women's HIV risk in slums of Chennai, India. AIDS and Behavior, 7, 263–272.
  • Hamburger, M. E., Moore, J., Koenig, L. J., Vlahov, D., Schoenbaum, E. E., Schuman, P., (2004). Persistence of inconsistent condom use relation to abuse history and HIV serostatus. AIDS and Behavior, 8, 333–344.
  • Hashima, P. Y., & Finkelhor, D. (1999). Violent victimization of youth versus adults in the national crime victimization survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 799–820.
  • Hogben, M., Gange, S. J., Watts, D. H., Robison, E., Young, M., Richardson, J., (2001). The effect of sexual and physical violence on risky sexual behavior and STDs among a cohort of HIV seropositive women. AIDS and Behavior, 5, 353–362.
  • Hutton, H. E., Treisman, G. J., Hunt, W. R., Fishman, M., Kendig, N., Swetz, A., (2001). HIV risk behaviors and their relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder among women prisoners. Psychiatric Services, 52, 508–513.
  • Inciardi, J. A., Pottieger, A. E., Forney, M. A., Chitwood, D. D., & McBride, D. C. (1991). Prostitution, IV drug use, and sex-for-crack exchanges among serious delinquents: Risks for HIV infection. Criminology, 29, 221–235.
  • Irwin, K. L., Edlin, B. R., Wong, L., Faruque, S., McCoy, H. V., Word, C., (1995). Urban rape survivors: Characteristics and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 85, 330–336.
  • Jenny, C., Hooton, T., Bowers, A., Copass, M., Krieger, J., Hillier, S., (1990). Sexually transmitted diseases in victims of rape. New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 713–716.
  • Johnson, B. D., Williams, T., Sanabria, H., & Dei, K. (1989). Social impact of crack dealing in the inner city. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph, 95, 326–327.
  • Kalichman, S. C., Williams, E. A., Cherry, C., Belcher, L., & Nachimson, D. (1998). Sexual coercion, domestic violence, and negotiating condom use among low-income African American women. Journal of Women's Health, 7, 371–378.
  • Kelly, J. A., & Kalichman, S. C. (1995). Increased attention to human sexuality can improve HIV–AIDS prevention efforts: Key research issues and directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 907–918.
  • Kelly, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Bahr, G. R., Koob, J. J., Morgan, M. G., Kalichman, S. C., (1993). Factors associated with severity of depression and high-risk sexual behavior among persons diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection. Health Psychology, 12, 215–219.
  • Kessler, R., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.
  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Acierno, R., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1997). A 2-year longitudinal analysis of the relationship between violent assault and substance use in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 834–837.
  • Kunins, H., Gilbert, L., Whyte, A., Meissner, P., & Zachary, M. (2007). Substance abuse treatment staff perceptions of intimate partner victimization maong female clients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39, 251–258.
  • Leshner, A. (1998). Gender matters in drug abuse research. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse.
  • Lewis, C. F. (2005). Post-traumatic stress disorder in HIV positive incarcerated women. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 33, 455–464.
  • Lown, E. A., Winkler, K., Fullilove, R. E., & Fullilove, M. T. (1995). Tossin’ and tweakin’: Women's consciousness in the crack culture. In A. Aauire (Ed.), Women and AIDS: Psychological perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Maman, S., Campbell, J., Sweat, M. D., & Gielen, A. C. (2000). The intersections of HIV and violence: Directions for future research and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 459–478.
  • McKay, J. R., Rutherford, M. J., Cacciola, J. S., Kabasakalian-McKay, R., & Alterman, A. (1996). Gender differences in the relapse experiences of cocaine patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184, 616–622.
  • Mcnutt, L.-A., Carlson, B. E., Persaud, M., & Postmus, J. (2002). Cumulative abuse experiences, physical health and health behaviors. Annals of Epidemiology, 12, 123–130.
  • Medrano, M. A., Desmond, D. P., Zule, W. A., & Hatch, J. P. (1999). Histories of childhood trauma and the effects of risky HIV behaviors in a sample of women drug users. American Journal of Alcohol Abuse, 25, 593–606.
  • Melchior, L., Huba, G., Brown, V., & Slaughter, R. (1999). Evaluation of the effects of outreach to women with multiple vulnerabilities on entry into substance abuse treatment. Evaluation & Program Planning, 22, 269–277.
  • Melendez, R. M., Hoffman, S., Exner, T., Leu, C. S., & Ehrhardt, A. A. (2003). Intimate partner violence and safer sex negotiation effects of a gender-specific intervention. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 499–511.
  • Miller, B. A., Downs, W. R., & Testa, M. (1993). Interrelationships between victimization experiences and women's alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 11, 109–117.
  • Miller, N. S., Gold, M. S., & Mahler, J. C. (1991). Violent behaviors associated with cocaine use: Possible pharmacological mechanisms. International Journal of the Addictions, 26, 1077–1088.
  • Mize, S. J. S., Robinson, B. E., Bockting, W. O., & Scheltema, K. E. (2002). Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions for women. AIDS Care, 14, 163–180.
  • Morrill, A., & Ickovics, J. (1996). Surviving abuse and HIV risk: How women's experience of abuse shapes their heterosexual risk for HIV (abstract no. Tu.D.134). International AIDS Conference, 11, 254.
  • Morrow, S. L., & Smith, M. L. (1995). Constructions of survival and coping by women who have survived childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 20–33.
  • New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. (2007). NYC HIV/AIDS annual surveillance statistics, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/ah/surveillance2006_tables_all.pdf
  • North, R. L., & Rothenberg, K. H. (1993). Partner notification and the threat of domestic violence against women with HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1194–1196.
  • O'Leary, A., & Wingood, G. M. (2000). Interventions for sexually active heterosexual women. In J. L. Peterson & R. J. DiClemente (Eds.), Handbook of HIV prevention (pp. 179–200). New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
  • Paone, D., Chavkin, W., Willets, I., Friedman, P., & Des Jarlais, D. (1992). The impact of sexual abuse: Implications for drug treatment. Journal of Women's Health, 1, 149–153.
  • Raj, A., Santana, M. C., La Marche, A., Amaro, H., Cranston, K., & Silverman, J. G. (2006). Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1873–1878.
  • Raj, A., Silverman, J. G., & Amaro, H. (2004). Abused women report greater male partner risk and gender-based risk for HIV: Findings from a community-based study with Hispanic women. AIDS Care, 16, 519–529.
  • Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Dansky, B., Saunders, B., & Best, C. (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 984–991.
  • Rich, J. D., Dickinson, B. P., Macalino, G., Flanigan, T. P., Towe, C. W., Spaulding, A., (1999). Prevalence and incidence of HIV among incarcerated and reincarcerated women in Rhode Island. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 22, 161.
  • Rodriguez, M. A., Szkupinski Quiroga, S., & Bauer, H. M. (1996). Breaking the silence: Battered women's perspective on medical care. Archives of Family Medicine, 5, 153–158.
  • Rothenberg, K. H., & Paskey, S. J. (1995). The risk of domestic violence and women with HIV infection: Implications for partner notification, public policy and the law. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1569–1575.
  • Saul, J., Moore, J., Murphy, S. T., & Miller, L. C. (2004). Relationship violence and women's reactions to male- and female-controlled HIV prevention methods. AIDS and Behavior, 8, 207–214.
  • Schiff, M., El-Bassel, N., Engstrom, M., & Gilbert, L. (2002). Psychological distress and intimate physical and sexual abuse among women in methadone maintenance treatment programs. Social Service Review, 76, 302–320.
  • Spunt, B. J., Goldstein, P. J., Bellucci, P. A., & Miller, T. (1990). Race/ethnicity and gender differences in the drugs–violence relationship. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 22, 293–303.
  • Sterk, C. E. (1999). Fast lives: Women who use crack cocaine. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Sterk, C. E., Dolan, K., & Hatch, S. (1999). Epidemiological indicators and ethnographic realities of female cocaine use. Substance Use & Misuse, 34, 2057–2072.
  • Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. (1990). How violent are American families? Estimates from the national family violence survey and other studies. In M. Straus & Gelles, R. (Eds.), Physical violence in American families (pp. 95–112). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Teets, J. M. (1995). Childhood sexual trauma of chemically dependent women. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 27, 231–238.
  • Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, V. (1998). Prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the national violence against women survey. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, National Institutes of Health.
  • Tucker, J. S., Wenzel, S. L., Elliott, M. N., Marshall, G. N., & Williamson, S. (2004). Interpersonal violence, substance use, HIV-related behavior and cognitions: A prospective study of impoverished women in Los Angeles County. AIDS and Behavior, 8, 463–474.
  • Wathen, C. N., & MacMillan, H. L. (2003). Interventions for violence against women: Scientific review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 589–600.
  • Winfield, I., George, L. K., Swartz, M., & Blazer, D. G. (1990). Sexual assault and psychiatric disorders among a community sample of women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 335–341.
  • Wingood, G. M., & DiClemente, R. J. (1997). The effects of an abusive primary partner on the condom use and sexual negotiation practices of African-American women. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1016–1018.
  • Wingood, G. M., & DiClemente, R. J. (1998). Partner influences and gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult African American women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(1), 29–51.
  • World Health Organization. (1997). The female condom: A review. Geneva: Author.
  • Worth, D. (1989). Sexual decision-making and AIDS: Why condom promotion among vulnerable women is likely to fail. Studies on Family Planning, 20, 297–307.
  • Wu, E., El-Bassel, N., Witte, S. S., Gilbert, L., & Chang, M. (2003). Intimate partner violence and HIV risk among urban minority women in primary health care settings. AIDS and Behavior, 7, 291–301.
  • Wyatt, G. E. (1991). Child sexual abuse and its effects on sexual functioning. Annual Review of Sex Research, 2, 249–266.
  • Wyatt, G. W., & Newcomb, M. D. (1990). Internal and external mediators of women's sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 758–767.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.