279
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
BRIEF REPORT

Cocaine Addiction Treatment and Home Remedies: Use of the Scopolamine Transdermal Patch

, , , &

REFERENCES

  • Adinoff, B., Devous, M. D., Sr., Williams, M. J., Best, S. E., Harris, T. S., Minhajuddin, A., (2010). Altered neural cholinergic receptor systems in cocaine-addicted subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 1485–1499.
  • Basile, A. S., Fedorova, I., Zapata, A., Liu, X., Shippenberg, T., Duttaroy, A., (2002). Deletion of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates morphine reinforcement and withdrawal but not morphine analgesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 11452–11457.
  • Berlanga, M. L., Olsen, C. M., Chen, V., Ikegami, A., Herring, B. E., Duvauchelle, C. L., (2003). Cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum are activated by the self-administration of cocaine. Neuroscience, 120, 1149–1156.
  • Bolam, J. P., Francis, C. M., & Henderson, Z. (1991). Cholinergic input to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra: A double immunocytochemical study. Neuroscience, 41, 483–494.
  • Chaisson, R. E., Bacchetti, P., Osmond, D., Brodie, B., Sande, M. A., & Moss, A. R. (1989). Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 561–565.
  • Devlin, R. J., & Henry, J. A. (2008). Clinical review: Major consequences of illicit drug consumption. Critical Care, 12, 202.
  • Filip, M., Frankowska, M., Zaniewska, M., Gołda, A., & Przegaliński, E. (2005). The serotonergic system and its role in cocaine addiction. Pharmacological Reports, 57, 685–700.
  • Fink-Jensen, A., Fedorova, I., Wörtwein, G., Woldbye, D. P., Rasmussen, T., Thomsen, M., (2003). A role for M5 muscarinic aetylcholine. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 74, 91–96.
  • Fleckenstein, A. E., Volz, T. J., Riddle, E. L., Gibb, J. W., & Hanson, G. R.. (2007). New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 47, 681–698.
  • Flynn, D. D., Vaishnav, A. A., & Mash, D. C. (1992). Interactions of cocaine with primary and secondary recognition sites on muscarinic receptors. Molecular Pharmacology, 41, 736–742.
  • Forster, G. L., Yeomans, J. S., Takeuchi, J., & Blaha, C. D. (2001). M5 muscarinic receptors are required for prolonged accumbal dopamine release after electrical stimulation of the pons in mice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22, RC190.
  • Gambelunghe, C., Marsili, R., Aroni, K., Bacci, M., & Rossi, R. (2013). GC-MS and GC-MS/MS in PCI mode determination of mescaline in peyote tea and in biological matrices. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58, 270–278.
  • Kaye, S., & Darke, S. (2004). Injecting and non-injecting cocaine use in Sydney, Australia: Physical and psychological morbidity. Drug and Alcohol Review, 23, 391–398.
  • Leri, F., Bruneau, J., & Stewart, J. (2003). Understanding polydrug use: Review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Addiction, 98, 7–22.
  • Lester, D. B., Miller, A. D., & Blaha, C. D. (2010). Muscarinic receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area attenuates cocaine enhancement of laterodorsal tegmentum stimulation-evoked accumbens dopamine efflux in the mouse. Synapse, 64, 216–223.
  • Lin, Y. G., Chen, P. H., Chang, F. Y., Wu, L. T., Liao, K. Y., & Wu, T. C. (2011). Delirium due to scopolamine patch in a 4-year-old boy. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 110, 208–211.
  • Pépin, G., & Gaillard, Y. (1997). Concordance between self-reported drug use and findings in hair about cocaine and heroin. Forensic Science International, 8, 37–41.
  • Pettit, H. O., & Justice, J. B., Jr. (1989). Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during cocaine self-administration as studied by in vivo microdialysis. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 34, 899–904
  • Prakash, A., & Das, G. (1993). Cocaine and the nervous system. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Therapy and Toxicology, 31, 575–581.
  • Raffa, R. B. (2009). The M5 muscarinic receptor as possible target for treatment of drug abuse. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 34, 623–629.
  • Renner, U. D., Oertel, R., & Kirch, W. (2005). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 27, 655–665.
  • Sharkey, J., Ritz, M. C., Schenden, J. A., Hanson, R. C., & Kuhar, M. J. (1988). Cocaine inhibits muscarinic cholinergic receptors in heart and brain. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 246, 1048–1052.
  • Shorter, D., & Kosten, T. R. (2011). Novel pharmacotherapeutic treatments for cocaine addiction. BMC Medicine, 9, 119.
  • Sun, W., Xue, Y., Huang, Z., & Steketee, J. D. (2010). Regulation of cocaine-reinstated drug-seeking behavior by kappa-opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area of rats. Psychopharmacology, 210, 179–188.
  • Tassiopoulos, J., Bernstein, T., Heeren, S., Levenson, R., Hingson, E., & Bernstein, E. (2004). Hair testing and self-report of cocaine use by heroin users. Addiction, 99, 590–597.
  • Thomsen, M., Woldbye, D. P., Wörtwein, G., Fink-Jensen, A., Wess, J., & Caine, S. B. (2005). Reduced cocaine self-administration in muscarinic M5 acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 8141–8149.
  • Vignali, C., Stramesi, C., Vecchio, M., & Groppi, A. (2012). Hair testing and self-report of cocaine use. Forensic Science International, 215, 77–80.
  • Welp, E. A., Bosman, I., Langendam, M. W., Totté, M., Maes, R. A., & van Ameijden, E. J. (2003). Amount of self-reported illicit drug use compared to quantitative hair test results in community-recruited young drug users in Amsterdam. Addiction, 98, 987–994.
  • Williams, M. J., & Adinoff, B. (2008). The role of acetylcholine in cocaine addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33, 1779–1797.
  • Xiang, X. H., Wang, H. L., Wu, W. R., Guo, Y., Cao, D. Y., Wang, H. S., (2006). Ethological analysis of scopolamine treatment or pretreatment in morphine dependent rats. Physiology & Behavior, 15, 183–190.
  • Yang, G. D., Xu, K., & Luo, Q. (1996). Clinical study of scopolamine detoxification for the treatment of heroin addicts. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 76, 141–144.
  • Yang, G. D., Zhou, W. H., & Xu, K. (1999). The combined use of scopolamine, naltrexone and naloxone as a rapid, safe and effective detoxification treatment for heroin addicts. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 79, 679–682.
  • Yee, J., Famous, K. R., Hopkins, T. J., McMullen, M. C., Pierce, R. C., & Schmidt, H. D. (2011). Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and shell contribute to cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. European Journal of Pharmacology, 650, 596–604.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.