Economic Sanctions Against Iran, and Drug Use in Tehran, Iran: A 2013 Pilot Study

REFERENCES

• Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. (2002). Recent changes and the future of fertility in Iran. United Nation's population division, completing the fertility transition. New York: United Nations, 425–439.
   Google Scholar
• Alam Mehrjerdi, Z. (2013). A brief overview of methamphetamine use treatment in Iran: Intervention and practice. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 18(12), 1018–1020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam Mehrjerdi, Z. (2013). Cristal in Iran: Methamphetamine or heroin krack. Daru, 21(1), 22.
   Google Scholar
• Aqtar, F. (2010). 40 million decrease in addiction treatment budget. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from Aftabnews website: http://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/104613.
   Google Scholar
• Azimiyan Bajestani, M., Miniee, M.,, Imaniyan, M.,, Jafari, M., & Sepehri, M. (2008). The history of drug control policies in Iran. Tehran, Iran: Department of Education, Studies and Research, Drug Control Headquarter.
   Google Scholar
• Bagheri, N. (2013). We look forward to heroin tsunami. Retrieved October 23, 2013, from Armandaily website: http://www.armandaily.ir/Default.aspx?NPN_Id=442&pageno=7:[farsi].
   Google Scholar
• Barati Sade F.. (2013). 200 DICs have financial problems. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from Iran Drug Control Headquarter website: http://dchq.ir/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6623:dic-dic-hiv&catid=90&Itemid=5266.
   Google Scholar
• Bickel, W. K., & Marsch, L. A. (2001). Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes, Addiction, 96, 73–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, A. (2002). Re-grounding grounded theory. JITTA: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 4(1), 25.
   Google Scholar
• Carrington, W. J., & Detragiache, E. (1999). How extensive is the brain drain? Retrieved August 20, 2013, from International Monetary Fund website http://www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/fandd/1999/06/carringt.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2014). Illicit drugs. The World Factbook. Retrieved January 5, 2014, from https: //www.cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2086.html.
   Google Scholar
• Crooks, D. L. (2001). The importance of symbolic interaction in grounded theory research on women's health. Health Care for Women International, 22, 11–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dejakam, H. (2013). Heroin has returned to Tehran. Retrieved August 14, 2013, from SalamatNews website: http:// www.salamatnews.com/news/80316/.
   Google Scholar
• Deilamizade, A. (2014). Injecting rooms in DICs. Retrieved February 5, 2014, from Mehrnews website: http:// www.mehrnews.com/detail/news/2243041.
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly, N., Weatherburn, D., & Chilvers, M. (2004). The impact of the Australian heroin shortage on robbery in NSW. Sydney, Australia: Bureau Brief, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.
   Google Scholar
• Farhodian, A., Sadeghi, M., Khodami Vishte, H., Moazen, B., Fekri, M., & Rahimi Movaghar, A. (2014). Component analysis of Iranian crack; a newly abused narcotic substance in Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 337–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feyazmanesh, S. (2003). The politics of the US economic sanctions against Iran. Review of Radical Political Economics, 35(3), 221–240.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Rossi, D., & Flom, P. L. (2006). “Big events” and networks: Thoughts on what could be going on. Connections, 27(1): 9–14.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haghdoost, A.,, Mirzadeh, A.,, Shokohi, M., Sedaghat, A., & Gouya, M. (2013). HIV trend among Iranian prisoners in 1990s and 2000s; analysis of aggregated data from HIV sentinel sero-serveys. Harm Reduction Journal, 10, 32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jemalpoor, F. (2013). A 500% increase in price of crystal in one year. Retrived April 11, 2013, from Magiran website: http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID = 2707219.
   Google Scholar
• Khabaronline. (2013). Price of dollar came to 3415 Tomans. Retrieved July 1, 2013, from http://khabaronline.ir/detail/ 301370/Economy/financial-market:[farsi].
   Google Scholar
• Martin, P. Y., & Turner, B. A. (1986). Grounded theory and organizational research. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22(2), 141–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. (2013). Minimum wage rate in Iran. Retrieved January 5, 2014, from http://hormozgan.mcls.gov.ir/fa/hoghogh: [farsi].
   Google Scholar
• Mohrez, M. (2014). Concerns about increasing sexual transmission of HIV. Retrieved May 18, 2014, from National Center of HIV/AIDS Prevention website: http://aids.ir/news- 531-.html.
   Google Scholar
• Mosavi Chalak, H. (2013). The national budget for social problems has decreased. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from SalamatNews website: http: //tnews.ir/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9% 85%D8%AA-%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2/584017- 792863.html
   Google Scholar
• National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education. (2012). Islamic Republic of Iran; AIDS progress report, March 2012. Iran: National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Educatio.
   Google Scholar
• Online Universities. (2011). 10 countries facing the biggest brain drain. Retrieved October 21, 2013, from http://www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2011/07/10-countries- facing-the-biggest-brain-drain/
   Google Scholar
• Rahmani-Fazli, M. R. (2014). Officially declared number of drug users amounts to 1.5 million. Young Journalist Club. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://khabarfarsi.com/ext/ 9324662
   Google Scholar
• Razzaghi, E., Ohiri, k., Claeson, M.,, Nassirmanesh, B., Afshar, P., & Power, R. (2006). HIV/AIDS harm reduction in Iran. The Lancet, 368(9534), 434–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi-Isfahani, D. (2010). Iranian youth in times of economic crisis. Working paper No. 3, The Dubai Initiative, Harvard University, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Samgis, B. (2012). No more budget for methadone maintenance in harm reduction settings. Retrieved July 28, 2012, from Magiran website: http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID = 2550202.
   Google Scholar
• Sedaghat, A. (2012). Decrease in budget and return of the second wave of the HIV/AIDS in prisons. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from HRANA website: https://hra-news.org/fa/prisoners/ 1-10331.
   Google Scholar
• Sedaght, A. (2013). Ministry of health is worried about return of the second wave of HIV/AIDS. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from ISNA website: http://www.isna.ir/fa/news/92032716093/.
   Google Scholar
• Statistical Center of Iran. (2014). The 2011 census data. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://www.amar.org.ir/ Default.aspx?tabid=1485
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1999). Treatment for stimulant use disorders: Treatment improvement protocol (TIP), series No. 33. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• The Global Fund. (2014). About the global fund. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/about/
   Google Scholar
• Trebach, A. S. (2005): The great drug war: And rational proposals to turn the tide, 2nd Edn. Bloomington, IN: Unlimited Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, Regional Office for The Eastern Mediterranean. (2004). Best Practice in HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care for Injecting Drug Abusers: The Triangular Clinics in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. WHO-EM/STD/ 052/E
   Google Scholar