The Chronic Cerebral Effects of Cannabis Use. II. Psychological Findings and Conclusions

References

• Agarwal A. K., Sethi B. B., Gupta S. C. Physical and cognitive effects of chronic bhang (cannabis) intake. Indian J. Psychiatry 1975; 17: 1–7
   Google Scholar
• Blusewicz M. J., Dustman R. E., Schenkenburg T., Beck E. C. Neuropsychological correlates of chronic alcoholism and aging. J. New. Merit. Dis 1977; 165: 348–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blusewicz M. J., Schenkenburg T., Dustman R. E., Beck E. C. WAIS performance in young normal, young alcoholic and elderly normal groups: An evaluation of organicity and mental aging indices. J. Clin. Psychol 1977; 33: 1149–1153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolter J. F., Hannon R. Cerebral damage associated with alcoholism: A reexamination. Psychol. Rec 1980; 30: 165–179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman M., Pihl R. O. Cannabis: Psychological effects of chronic heavy use. Psy-chopharmacologia 1973; 29: 159–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell A. M.G., Evans M., Thomson J. L.G., Williams M. J. Cerebral atrophy in young cannabis smokers. Lancet December 4, 1971; 1219–1224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlin A. S., Trupin E. W. The effect of long term chronic marijuana use on neuropsychological functioning. Int. J. Addict 1977; 12: 617–624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culver C. M., King F. W. Neuropsychological assessment of undergraduate marihuana and LSD users. 4rcJt. Gen. Psychiatry 1974; 31: 707–711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden C. J. Diagnosis and Rehabilitation in Clinical Psychology. Charles C. Thompson, Springfield, IL 1978
   Google Scholar
• Grant I., Rochford J., Fleming T., Stunkard A. A. A neuropsychological assessment of the effects of moderate marihuana use. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis 1973; 156: 278–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine Report. Marijuana and Health. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1982
   Google Scholar
• Jones R. T. Human effects: An overview. Marijuana Research Findings: 1980, R. C. Peterson. National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Monograph No. 31, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1980; 54–80
   Google Scholar
• Kleinknecht R. A., Goldstein S. G. Neuropsychological deficits associated with alcoholism: A review and discussion. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 1972; 33: 999–1019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lord F. M. A paradox in the interpretation of group comparisons. Psychol. Bull 1967; 68: 304–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mac Vane J., Butters N., Montgomery K., Farber J. Cognitive function in men social drinkers: A replication study. J. Stud. Alcohol 1982; 43: 81–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Use of Marihuana, J. H. Mendelson, A. M. Rossi, R. E. Meyer. Plenum Press, New York 1974
   Google Scholar
• Mendhiratta S. S., Wig N. N., Verma S. K. Some psychological correlates of long-term heavy cannabis users. Br. J. Psychiatry 1978; 132: 482–486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker E. S., Birnbaum I. M., Boyd R. A., Noble E. P. Neuropsychologic decrements as a function of alcohol intake in male students. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res 1980; 4: 330–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker E. S., Noble E. P. Alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in social drinkers. J. Stud. Alcohol 1977; 38: 1224–1232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker E. S., Noble E. P. Alcohol and the aging process in the social drinkers. J. Stud. Alcohol 1980; 41: 170–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons O. A. Neuropsychological deficits in alcoholics: Facts and fancies. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res 1977; 1: 51–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons O. A., Leber W. R. The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in alcoholics: Causal, interactive or epiphenomenal?. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res 1981; 5: 326–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray R., Prabhu G., Mohan D., Nath L. M., Neki J. S. The association between chronic cannabis use and cognitive functions. Drug Alcohol Depend 1978; 3: 365–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan R. A research program on the psychological effects of brain lesions in human beings. International Review of Research on Mental Retardation, N. R. Ellis. Academic Press, New York 1966; Vol. 1: 153–218
   Google Scholar
• Rochford J., Grant I., La Vigne G. Medical students and drugs: Further neuropsychological and use pattern considerations. Int. J. Addict 1977; 12: 1057–1065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodin E. A., Domino E. F., Porzak J. P. The marihuana induced “social high. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1970; 213: 1300–1302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ron M. A. Brain damage in chronic alcoholism: A neuropathological, neuroradiological and psychological review. Psychol. Med 1977; 7: 103–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin V., Comitas L. Ganja in Jamaica. Mouton, The Hague 1975
   Google Scholar
• Satz P., Fletcher J. M., Sutker L. S. Neuropsychologic, intellectual and personality correlates of chronic marijuana use in native Costa Ricans. Ann. NY Acad. Sci 1976; 282: 266–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer J., Andrysiak T., Ungerleider J. T. Cognition and the long-term use of ganja (cannabis). Science 1981; 213: 465–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith B. H., Sethi P. K. Aging and the nervous system. Geriatrics 1975; 30: 109–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soueif M. I. Differential association between chronic cannabis use and brain function deficits. Ann. NY Acad. Sci 1976; 282: 323–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanis C., Dornbush R., Fink M. Hashish: Studies of Long-Term Use. Raven Press, New York 1977
   Google Scholar
• Tarter R. E. Psychological deficits in chronic alcoholics: A review. Int. J. Addict 1975; 10: 327–368
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss B. Long-term behavioral consequences of exposure to drugs and pollutants. Alcohol, Drug and Brain Damage: Proceedings of a Symposium, J. G. Rankin. Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, Toronto 1975
   Google Scholar
• Wert R. C., Raulin M. L. The chronic cerebral effects of cannabis use. I. Methodological issues and neurological findings. Int. J. Addict 1986; 21
   Google Scholar
• Wig N. N., Varma V. K. Patterns of long-term heavy cannabis use in North India and its effects on cognitive functions: A preliminary report. Drug Alcohol Depend 1977; 2: 211–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson D. A. Examination of alcoholics by computer tomographic (CT) scans: A critical review. Alcohol. Gin. Exp. Res 1982; 6: 31–45
   Google Scholar