143
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation Program in Preventing and Treating Substance Misuse: A Review

, , &
Pages 293-325 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Abrams A. I., Siegel L. M. The Transcendental Meditation program and rehabilitation at Fol-som State Prison: A cross-validation study. Crim. Justice Behav. 1978; 5: 3–20
  • Alexander C. N. Ego development, personality and behavioral change in inmates practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique or participating in other programs: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Dissert. Abstr. Int. 1982; 43(2)539-B
  • Alexander C. N., Davies J. L., Dixon C. A., Dillbeck M. C., Druker S. M., Oetzel R. M., Muehlman J. M., Orme-Johnson D. W. Growth of higher stages of consciousness: The Vedic psychology of human development. Higher stages of human development: Perspectives on adult growth, C. N. Alexander, E. J. Langer. Oxford University Press, New York 1990
  • Alexander C. N., Langer E., Newman R., Chandler H., Davies J. L. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness and longevity: An experimental study with the elderly. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1989; 57: 950–964
  • Alexander C. N., Rainforth M. V., Gelderloos P. Transcendental Meditation, self-actualization, and psychological health: A conceptual overview and statistical meta-analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1991; 6(5)189–247
  • Aron E. N., Aron A. Transcendental Meditation program and marital adjustment. Psychol. Rep. 1982; 51: 887–890
  • Ballou D. The Transcendental Meditation program at Stillwater prison. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Bangert-Drowns R. L. The effects of school-based substance abuse education: A meta-analysis. J. Drug Educ. 1988; 18: 243–264
  • Benson H., Wallace R. K. Decreased drug abuse with Transcendental Meditation: A study of 1, 862 subjects. Drug abuse: Proceedings of the international conference., C. J.D. Zarafonetis. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1972
  • Berg W. P., Van Den Mulder B. Psychological research on the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on a number of personality variables. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologic 1976; 4: 206–218
  • Bevan A. J.W., Young P. M., Wellby M. L., Nenadovic P., Dickins J. A. Endocrine changes in relaxation procedures. Proceedings of the Endocrine Society of Australia 1976; 19: 59
  • Bielefeld M. Transcendental Meditation: A stress-reducing self-help support system. Presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA August, 1981
  • Bleick C. R., Abrams A. I. The Transcendental Meditation program and criminal recidivism in California. J. Crim. Justice 1987; 15: 211–230
  • Boese E., Berger K. Psychological effects of Transcendental Meditation. In Chalmers et al. 1989
  • Bounouar A. R. The Transcendental Meditation technique: A new approach for smoking cessation programs. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Physiological and Biological Sciences, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IowaUSA 1989
  • BrÄTigam E. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on drug abusers: A prospective study. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Brooks J. S., Scarano T. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment. J. Courts. Devel. 1985; 64: 212–215
  • Brown M. Higher education for higher consciousness: A study of students at Maharishi International University. Dissert. Abstr. Int. 1977; 38: 649A
  • Bujatti M., Riederer P. Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites in Transcendental Meditation Technique. J. Neural Transm. 1976; 39: 257–267
  • Candelent T., Candelent G. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 1975; 26: 156–159
  • Scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme: Collected papers, R. Chalmers, G. Clements, H. Schenkluhn, M. Weinless. MVU Press, VlodropNetherlands 1989; Vol. 2
  • Chandler K. Modern science and Vedic science: An introduction. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1987; 1: 5–26
  • Childs J. P. The use of the Transcendental Meditation program as a therapy with juvenile offenders. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Educational Psychology and Guidance, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TennesseeUSA 1973
  • Chopra D. Creating health: Beyond Prevention, toward perfection. Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1987
  • Da Vies J. L. The science of creative intelligence in high schools: Some psychological effects and evidence for reduced use of drugs. Maharishi International College, Australia 1978, Unpublished manuscript
  • Dillbeck M. C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. J. Clin. Psychol. 1977; 33: 1076–1078
  • Dillbeck M. C, Abrams A. I. The application of the Transcendental Meditation program to corrections. Int. J. Comparative Applied Crim. Justice 1987; 11: 111–132
  • Dillbeck M. C, Bronson E. C. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. Int. J. Neurosci. 1981; 14: 147–151
  • Dillbeck M. C, Orme-Johnson D. W. Physiological differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest. Am. Psychol. 1987; 42: 879–881
  • Emrick Cd. A review of psychologically oriented treatment of alcoholism: II. The relative effectiveness of different treatment approaches and the effectiveness of treatment versus no-treatment. J. Stud. Alcohol 1975; 35: 534–549
  • Emrick Cd. A review of psychologically oriented treatment for alcoholism; I. The use and interrelationships of outcome criteria and drinking behavior following treatment. Q. J. Stud Alcohol 1974; 35: 534–549
  • Eppley K. R., Abrams A. I., Shear J. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: A meta-analysis. J. Clin. Psychol. 1989; 45: 957–974
  • Ferguson P. C, Gowan J. C. Psychological findings on Transcendental Meditation. J. Humanistic Psychol. 1976; 16: 51–60
  • Ferguson R. E. The Transcendental Meditation program at Massachusetts Correctional Institution Walpole: An evaluation report. In Chalmers et al. 1989
  • Frew D. R. Transcendental Meditation and productivity. Acad. Manag. J. 1974; 17: 362–368
  • Friend K. E. An experimental deception for the primary study and ancillary data relating TM to decreases in alcohol and tobacco usage. Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 1975, Unpublished manuscript
  • Friend K. E., Malizewski M. More on the reliability of the kinesthetic after-effects measure and need for stimulation. J. Personality Assess. 1978; 42: 385–391
  • Geisler M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transcendentalen Meditation auf Drogenkonsumenten [Therapeutic effects of Transcendental Meditation in drug abusers]. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologic 1978; 7: 235–255
  • Gelderloos P. Psychological health and development of students at Maharishi International University: A controlled longitudinal study. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1987; 1: 471–487
  • Gelderloos P., Beto Z. H.A.D. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and reported experiences of transcendental consciousness. Psychologia–An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient 1989; 32(2)91–103
  • Gelderloos P., Goddard P. H., III, AhlstrÖM H. H., Iacoby R. Cognitive orientation towards positive values in advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program. Percept. Mot. Skills 1987; 64: 1003–1012
  • Gelderloos P., Hermans H. J.M. Integration of the personality structured around a sense of meaning to life. 1990, Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Gelderloos P., Hermans H. J.M., AhlstrÖM H. H.B., Jacoby R. Transcendence and psychological health: Studies with long-term participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program. Journal of Psychology 1990; 124: 177–197
  • Goleman D. J., Schwartz G. E. Meditation as an intervention in stress reactivity. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1976; 44: 456–466
  • Graham R., Peterman M., Scarff T. Insights into the Richmond Community. SIMS Canada, Victoria, BC 1971
  • Greaves G. B. An existential theory of drug dependence. Theories of drug abuse, D. Lettieri, M. Sayers, H. Pearson. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, DC 1980
  • Hanley C. P., Spates J. L. Transcendental meditation and social psychological attitudes. J. Psychol. 1978; 99: 121–127
  • Hay D. Exploring inner space: Scientists and religious experience. Penguin, Harmondsworth 1982
  • Hjelle L. A. Transcendental Meditation and psychological health. Percept. Mot. Skills 1978; 46: 726
  • Holeman R., Seiler G. Effects of sensitivity training and Transcendental meditation on perception of others. Percept. Mot. Skills 1979; 49: 270
  • Hunt W. A., Barnett L. W., Branch L. G. Relapse rates in addiction programs. J. Clin. Psychol. 1971; 27: 455–456
  • Jevning R., Wilson A. F., Smith W. R., Morton M. E. Redistribution of blood flow in acute hypometabolic behavior. Am. J. Physiol. 1978; 235: R89–R92
  • Jones M. C. Personality correlates and antecedents of drinking patterns in adult males. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1968; 26: 1–15
  • Katz D. Decreased drug use and prevention of drug use through the Transcendental Meditation program. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Kember P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and postgraduate academic performance. Br. J. Educ. Psychol. 1985; 55: 164–166
  • Klajner F., Hartman L. M., Sobell M. B. Treatment of substance abuse by relaxation training: A review of its rationale, efficacy and mechanisms. Addict. Behav. 1984; 9: 41–55
  • Lang R., Dehof K., Meurer K. A., Kaufman W. Sympathetic activity and Transcendental Meditation. J. Neural Transm. 1979; 44: 117–135
  • Lazar Z., Farwell L., Farrow J. T. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on anxiety, drug abuse, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Ljunggren G. Inflytandet av Transcendental Meditation pS neuroticism, medicinbruk och somnproblem [Influence of Transcendental Meditation on neuroticism, medicine usage and sleep problems]. Lakartidningen 1977; 74: 4212–4214
  • Long J. V.F., Scherl D. J. Developmental antecedents of compulsive drug use: A report on the literature. J. Psychoactive Drugs 1984; 16: 169–182
  • Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The science of being and art of living. Maharishi International University Press, Livingston Manor, NY 1966
  • Marcus S. V. The influence of the Transcendental Meditation program in the marital dyad. Dissert. Abstr. Int. 1977; 38(8)3895(B)
  • Margulies R. Z., Kessler R. C., Kandel D. B. A longitudinal study of onset of drinking among high-school students. J. Stud. Alcohol 1977; 38: 897–912
  • Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in addictive behavior change, G. A. Marlatt, J. R. Gordon, New York, Guilford 1985
  • Marlatt G. A., Marques J. K. Meditation, self-control and alcohol abuse. Behavioral self-management: Strategies, techniques and outcomes, R. B. Stuart. Brunner/ Mazel, New York 1977
  • Maslow A. H. Religion, values and peak-experiences. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH 1964
  • Mc Donagh J. M., Egenes T. The Transcendental Meditation technique and temperature homeostasis. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Miller W. R., Hester R. K. Inpatient alcoholism treatment. Who benefits?. Am. Psychol. 1986; 41: 794–805
  • Mills P. J. Cardiovascular and adrenergic reactivity and beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program and Type A behavior. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Ncuroscience, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IowaUSA 1987
  • Mills P. J., Schneider R. H., Hill D., Walton K. G., Wallace R. K. Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in subjects practicing Transcendental Meditation. J. Psychosom. Res., In press
  • Mills W. W., Farrow J. T. The Transcendental Meditation technique and acute experimental pain. Psychosom. Med. 1982; 43: 157–164
  • Miskiman D. E. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on compensatory paradoxical sleep. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Monahan R. J. Impressions of the Transcendental Meditation technique in an out-patient drug rehabilitation clinic. Presented at the First International Conference on Psychology and the Science of Creative Intelligence. Fairfield, IowaUSA 1975
  • Monahan R. J. Secondary prevention of drug dependence through the Transcendental Meditation program in metropolitan Philadelphia. Int. J. Addict. 1977; 12: 729–754
  • Myers T. I., Eisner E. J. An experimental evaluation of the effects of karate and meditation. Final report for the U.S. Army Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Social Processes Technical Area. American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC 1974
  • Nidich S., Seeman W., Dreskin T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation: A replication. J. Couns. Psychol. 1973; 20: 565–566
  • Nidich S. I., Ryncarz R. A., Abrams A. I., Orme-Johnson D. W., Wallace R. K. Kohlbergian cosmic perspective responses, EEG coherence, and the TM and TM-Sidhi program. J. Moral Educ. 1983; 12: 166–173
  • Nystul M. S., Garde M. Comparison of self-concepts of Transcendental Meditators and non-meditators. Psychol. Rep. 1977; 41: 303–306
  • Orme-Johnson D. W. Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation. Psychosom. Med. 1973; 35: 341–349
  • Orme-Johnson D. W. Medical care utilization and the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosom. Med. 1987; 49: 493–507
  • Orme-Johnson D. W., Farrow J. J. Scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation program: Collected papers, W. Rhcinwcilcr. MERU Press, Germany 1977; Vol. 1
  • Orme-Johnson D. W., Kiehlbauch J., Moore R., Bristol J. Personality and autonomic changes in prisoners practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Padelford B. Relationship between drug involvement and purpose in life. J. Clin. Psychol. 1974; 30: 303–305
  • Pandino R. Some negative feelings can fuel abuse of drugs (Interview). A PA Monitor 1990; 21(1)6–7
  • Penner W. J., Zingle H. W., Dyck R., Truch S. Does an in-depth Transcendental Meditation course effect change in personalities of the participants?. West. Psychol. 1974; 4: 104–111
  • Ramirez J. The Transcendental Meditation program as a possible treatment modality for drug offenders: Evaluation of a pilot program at Milan Federal Correctional Institution. Chalmers et al. 1989
  • Schenkluhn H., Geisler M. A longitudinal study of die influence of the Transcendental Meditation program on drug abuse. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977
  • Seeman W., Nidich S., Banta T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation on a measure of self-actualization. J Couns. Psychol. 1972; 19: 184–187
  • Shafii M., Lavely R. A., Jaffe R. D. Meditation and marijuana. Am. J. Psychiatry 1974; 131: 60–63
  • Shafii M., Lavely R. A., Jaffe R. D. Meditation and the prevention of alcohol abuse. Am. J. Psychiatry 1975; 132: 942–945
  • Steffenhagen R. Self-esteem theory of drug abuse. Theories of drug abuse, D. Lettieri, M. Sayers, H. Pearson. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Washington, DC 1980
  • Suarez V. W. The relationship of Transcendental Meditation to subjective evaluations of marital satisfaction and adjustment. In Chalmers et al. 1989
  • Subrahmanyam S., Porkodi K. Neurohumoral correlates of Transcendental Meditation. J. Biomed. 1980; 1: 73–88
  • Taub E. Comprehensive progress report. Rehabilitation Center for Alcoholics, Occoquan, Virginia 1978
  • Tennant F. S. Primer on neurochemistry of drug dependence. Veract, Westcovina, CA 1985
  • Tobler N. S. Meta-analysis of 143 adolescent drug prevention programs: Quantitative outcome results of program participants compared to a control or comparison group. J. Drug Issues 1986; 16: 537–568
  • Turnbull M. J., Norris H. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on self-identity indices and personality. Br. J. Psychol. 1982; 73: 57–68
  • Wallace R. K. The Maharishi technology of the unified field: The neurophysiology of enlightenment. MIU Ncuroscience Press, Fairfield, IA 1987
  • Wallace R. K., Dillbeck M. C., Jacobe E., Harrington B. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the aging process. Int. J. Neurosci. 1982; 16: 53–58
  • Wallace R. K., Mills P. J., Orme-Johnson D. W., Dillbeck M. C., Jacobe E. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-SIdhi program. Exper. Neur. 1983; 79: 77–86
  • Walton K. G., Brown G. M., Pugh N., Maclean C, Gelderloos P. Indole-mediated adaptation: Do melatonin and serotonin act together to minimize stress!. 1991, Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Walton K. G., Gelderloos P., Lugh N. D.C., Macrae P., Goddard P., Maclean Cm., Lev1Tsky D. L. Serotonergic deficiency as a sign of stress: Reduced serotonin turnover is associated with anxiety, depression, aggression and impulsiveness in normal subjects. 1991, Manuscript submitted for publication
  • Wills T. A., Shiffman S. Coping and substance use: A conceptual framework. Coping and substance abuse, S. Shiffman, T. A. Wills. Academic Press, Orlando, FL 1985
  • WINQUIST W. T. The Transcendental Meditation program and drug abuse: A retrospective study. Orme-Johnson and Farrow 1977

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.