References
- Stepnick-Gropper SS, Acosta P, Clark-Sheehan N. Trace element status of children with PKU and normal children. J Am Diet Assoc 1988; 88: 459–65
- Widiss TL, Meguid MM. The enteral alternative: update. Contemp Surg 1981; 19: 75
- Elia M, Folmer P, Schlatmann A. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in muscle and in the whole body after mixed meal ingestion. Metabolism 1988; 37: 542–51
- Clark H, Moon WH, Bailey L. Nitrogen retention and plasma amino acids of adults who consumed isonitrogenous diets containing rice and milk or wheat versus their constituent amino acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29: 1343–52
- Yamamoto S, Korin T, Anzai M. Comparative effects of protein, protein hydrolysate and amino acid diets on nitrogen metabolism of normal, protein-deficient, gastrectomized or hepatectomized rats. J Nutr 1985; 115: 1436–46
- Jones BJM, Lees R, Andrews J. Comparison of an elemental and polymeric enteral diet in patients with normal gastrointestinal function. Gut 1983; 24: 78–84
- Grimble GK, Silk DBA. The nitrogen source of elemental diets–an unresolved issue?. Nutr Clin Pract 1990; 5: 227–30
- Gropper SS, Acosta PB. Effect of simultaneous ingestion of L-amino acids and whole protein on plasma amino acid and urea nitrogen concentrations in humans. JPEN 1991; 15: 48–53
- Ohkohchi N, Andoh T, Ohi R. Defined formula diets alter characteristics of the intestinal transport of amino acid and peptide in growing rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990; 10: 490–6
- National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1989
- Waters Corp. Amino acid analysis system operator manual #07124. Waters Corp., Milford 1984
- Official Methods of Analysis, 13th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC 1984
- Scriver CR, Clow CL, Lamm P. Plasma amino acids: screening, quantitation and interpretation. Am J Clin Nutr 1971; 24: 876–90
- Gropper SS, Acosta PB, Gropper DM. Plasma amino acid response to L-amino acids and whole protein ingestion. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 143–50
- Ziegler F, Ollivier JM, Cynober L. Efficiency of enteral nutrition support in surgical patients: small peptides v non-degraded proteins. Gut 1990; 31: 1277–83
- Tilkian SM, Conover MB, Tilkian AG. Clinical implications of laboratory tests, 4th edn. CV Mosby, St Louis 1987
- Mondzac A, Ehrlich GE, Seegmiller JE. An enzymatic determination of ammonia in biological fluids. J Lab Clin Med 1965; 66: 526–31
- Gibson RS. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Oxford University Press, New York 1990
- Taylor YSM, Scrimshaw NS, Young VR. The relationship between serum urea levels and dietary nitrogen utilization in men. Br J Nutr 1974; 32: 407–11
- Eggum BO. Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality. Br J Nutr 1970; 24: 983–88