Use of the levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system in nulliparous women – a non-interventional study in Sweden

references

• Avecilla-Palau A, Moreno V. Uterine factors and risk of pregnancy in IUD users: A nested case-control study. Contraception 2003;67:235–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trussell J, Lalla AM, Doan QV, et al. Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States. Contraception 2009;79:5–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, World Health Organizationet al. Long-term reversible contraception: Twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception 1997;56:341–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker AK, Johnson LM, Harwood B, et al. Adolescent and young adult women's knowledge of and attitudes toward the intrauterine device. Contraception 2008;78:211–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold MA, Johnson LM. Intrauterine devices and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2008;20:464–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French R, Van Vliet H, Cowan F, et al. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD001776.
   Google Scholar
• Crosignani PG. Intrauterine devices and intrauterine systems. Hum Reprod Update 2008;14:197–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kucuk T, Ertan K. Continuous oral or intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate versus the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of perimenopausal menorrhagia: A randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial in female smokers. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2008;35:57–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakarinen P, Toivonen J, Luukkainen T. Randomized comparison of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine systems immediately after abortion, with 5 years' follow-up. Contraception 2003;68:31–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubacher D, Grimes DA. Noncontraceptive health benefits of intrauterine devices: A systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2002;57:120–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inki P, Hurskainen R, Palo P, et al. Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20:381–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbo A, Moe BT, Gronaas H, et al. Early effects of high concentrations of progesterone and mifepristone - A gene expression study of endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009;113:139–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma R, Sinha D, Gupta JK. Non-contraceptive uses of levonorgestrel-releasing hormone system (LNG-IUS) – A systematic enquiry and overview. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006;125:9–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman T, Huhtala S, Tuominen J, et al. Sixty thousand woman-years of experience on the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: An epidemiological survey in Finland. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001;6(Suppl. 1):23–6.
   Google Scholar
• Barbosa I, Olsson SE, Odlind V, et al. Ovarian function after seven years' use of a levonorgestrel IUD. Adv Contracept 1995;11:85–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andersson K, Batar I, Rybo G. Return to fertility after removal of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Nova-T. Contraception 1992;46:575–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prager S, Darney PD. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in nulliparous women. Contraception 2007;75: S12–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, et al. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and oral contraceptives in young nulliparous women: A comparative study. Contraception 2004;69:407–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockmeyer A, Kishen M, Webb A. Experience of IUD/IUS insertions and clinical performance in nulliparous women – A pilot study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008;13:248–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polaneczky M, Slap G, Forke C, et al. The use of levonorgestrel implants (Norplant) for contraception in adolescent mothers. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1201–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zibners A, Cromer BA, Hayes J. Comparison of continuation rates for hormonal contraception among adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 1999;12:90–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pakarinen P, Luukkainen T. Treatment of menorrhagia with an LNG-IUS. Contraception 2007;75:S118–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohllajee AP, Curtis KM, Peterson HB. Does insertion and use of an intrauterine device increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women with sexually transmitted infection? A systematic review. Contraception 2006;73:145–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000;356:1013–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: Three years' comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:261–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen RH, Bartz D, Grimes DA, et al. Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD007373.
   Google Scholar
• Hubacher D, Reyes V, Lillo S, et al. Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: Randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:1272–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saav I, Aronsson A, Marions L, et al. Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device in nulliparous women: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2007;22:2647–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luukkainen T, Allonen H, Haukkamaa M, et al. Effective contraception with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: 12-month report of a European multicenter study. Contraception 1987;36:169–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meirik O, Farley TM, Sivin I. Safety and efficacy of levonorgestrel implant, intrauterine device, and sterilization. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:539–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman T, Huhtala S, Blom T, et al. Length of use and symptoms associated with premature removal of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: A nation-wide study of 17,360 users. BJOG 2000;107:335–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar