Effects of hormone therapy on ambulatory blood pressure in postmenopausal Korean women

References

• Barrett-Connor E, Grady D. Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease, and other considerations. Annu Rev Public Health 1998;19:55–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA 2004;291:47–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, et al Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007;297:1465–1477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson JE, Allison MA, Rossouw JE, et al Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2591–2602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiinber N, Hoegholm A, Christensen HR, et al 24-h Ambulatory blood pressure in 352 normal Danish subjects, related to age and gender. Am J Hypertens 1995;8:978–986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpanou EA, Vyssoulis GP, Georgoudi DG, Toutouza MG, Toutouzas PK. Ambulatory blood pressure changes in the menstrual cycle of hypertensive women. Significance of plasma renin activity values. Am J Hypertens 1993;6:654–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson M, Morganti AA, Zervoudakis I, et al Blood pressure, the renin-aldosterone system and sex steroids throughout normal pregnancy. Am J Med 1980;68:97–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reckelhoff JF. Sex steroids, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension: unanswered questions and some speculations. Hypertension 2005;45:170–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueck AO, Seeger H. Effect of hormone therapy on BP in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2004;49:235–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering TG, Gerin W, Schwartz AR. What is the white-coat effect and how should it be measured? Blood Press Monit 2002;7:293–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2368–2374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, et al Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA 1999;282:539–546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P. Reference values for ambulatory blood pressure and self-measured blood pressure based on prospective outcome data. Blood Press Monit 2001;6:323–327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard BV, Kuller L, Langer R, et al Risk of cardiovascular disease by hysterectomy status, with and without oophorectomy: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Circulation 2005;111:1462–1470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercuro G, Zoncu S, Piano D, et al Estradiol-17beta reduces blood pressure and restores the normal amplitude of the circadian blood pressure rhythm in postmenopausal hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:909–913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacharieva S, Atanassova I, Kirilov G, et al Effect of transdermal estrogen therapy on some vasoactive humoral factors and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2002;5:293–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills PJ, Farag NH, Matthews S, Nelesen RA, Berry CC, Dimsdale JE. Hormone replacement therapy does not affect 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in healthy non-smoking postmenopausal women. Blood Press Monit 2003;8:57–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manwaring P, Morfis L, Diamond T, Howes LG. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on ambulatory blood pressure and vascular responses in normotensive women. Blood Press 2000;9:22–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seely EW, Brosnihan KB, Jeunemaitre X, et al Effects of conjugated oestrogen and droloxifene on the renin-angiotensin system, blood pressure and renal blood flow in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol 2004;60:315–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sands RH, Studd JW, Crook D, Warren JB, Cruickshank J, Coats A. The effect of estrogen on blood pressure in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Menopause 1997;4:115–119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WB, Hanes V, Chauhan V, Pitt B. Effects of a new hormone therapy, drospirenone and 17-beta-estradiol, in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Hypertension 2006;48:246–253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefano GB, Prevot V, Beauvillain JC, et al Cell-surface estrogen receptors mediate calcium-dependent nitric oxide release in human endothelia. Circulation 2000;101:1594–1597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnal JF, Scarabin PY, Tremollieres F, Laurell H, Gourdy P. Estrogens in vascular biology and disease: where do we stand today? Curr Opin Lipidol 2007;18:554–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vongpatanasin W, Tuncel M, Mansour Y, Arbique D, Victor RG. Transdermal estrogen replacement therapy decreases sympathetic activity in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2001;103:2903–2908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Costa LS, de Oliveira MA, Rubim VS, et al Effects of hormone replacement therapy or raloxifene on ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness in treated hypertensive postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:1453–1456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schunkert H, Danser AH, Hense HW, Derkx FH, Kurzinger S, Riegger GA. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the renin-angiotensin system in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1997;95:39–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashchak CA, Lobo RA, Dozono-Takano R, et al Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:511–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wren BG, Routledge AD. The effect of type and dose of oestrogen on the blood pressure of post-menopausal women. Maturitas 1983;5:135–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 1995;273:199–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seely EW, Walsh BW, Gerhard MD, Williams GH. Estradiol with or without progesterone and ambulatory blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Hypertension 1999;33:1190–1194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rylance PB, Brincat M, Lafferty K, et al Natural progesterone and antihypertensive action. Br Med J 1985;290:13–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, et al Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Ohasama study. Hypertension 2005;45:240–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lignieres B. Oral micronized progesterone. Clin Ther 1999;21:41–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Licata G, et al Vascular effects of progesterone: role of cellular calcium regulation. Hypertension 2001;37:142–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chataigneau T, Zerr M, Chataigneau M, et al Chronic treatment with progesterone but not medroxyprogesterone acetate restores the endothelial control of vascular tone in the mesenteric artery of ovariectomized rats. Menopause 2004;11:255–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoncini T, Mannella P, Fornari L, et al Differential signal transduction of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate in human endothelial cells. Endocrinology 2004;145:5745–5756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szmuilowicz ED, Adler GK, Ricchiuti V, Hopkins PN, Seely EW. Relationships between endogenous sex hormone concentrations and vascular function in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4738–4741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston RA, White WB, Pitt B, Bakris G, Norris PM, Hanes V. Effects of drospirenone/17-beta estradiol on blood pressure and potassium balance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Am J Hypertens 2005;18:797–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palatini P. Heart rate as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence and basic mechanisms. Drugs 2007;67(Suppl 2):3–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong ND, Pio JR, Franklin SS, L'Italien GJ, Kamath TV, Williams GR. Preventing coronary events by optimal control of blood pressure and lipids in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2003;91:1421–1426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Omboni S, Parati G, Ravogli A, Villani A, Zanchetti A. Lack of placebo effect on ambulatory blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1995;8:311–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar