References
- Laron Z, Pertzelan A, Mannheimer S. Genetic pituitary dwarfism with high serum concentrations of growth hormone – a new inborn error of metabolism? Israel J Med Sci 1966;2:152–155
- Kemp SF, Thrailkill KM. Investigational agents for the treatment of growth hormone-insensitivity syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006;15:409–415
- Laron Z. Growth hormone insensitivity (Laron syndrome). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2002;3:347–355
- Laron Z. Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone resistance or insensitivity): the personal experience 1958–2003. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1031–1044
- Bourla DH, Laron Z, Snir M, et al. Insulin like growth factor I affects ocular development: a study of untreated and treated patients with Laron syndrome. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1197.e1–1197.e5
- Hellström A, Carlsson B, Niklasson A, et al. IGF-I is critical for normal vascularization of the human retina. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:3413–3416
- Burren CP, Woods KA, Rose SJ, et al. Clinical and endocrine characteristics in atypical and classical growth hormone insensitivity syndrome. Horm Res 2001;55:125–130
- Qazi Y, Maddula S, Ambati BK. Mediators of ocular angiogenesis. J Genet 2009;88:495–515
- Kubota Y, Suda T. Feedback mechanism between blood vessels and astrocytes in retinal vascular development. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009;19:38–43
- Shams N, Ianchulev T. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular angiogenesis. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2006;19:335–344
- Smith LE, Shen W, Perruzzi C, et al. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent retinal neovascularization by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Nat Med 1999;5:1390–1395
- Kvanta A. Ocular angiogenesis: the role of growth factors. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006;84:282–288
- Grant MB, Mames RN, Fitzgerald C, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I as an angiogenic agent. In vivo and in vitro studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;692:230–242
- Wright AD, Kohner EM, Oakley NW, et al. Serum growth hormone levels and the response of diabetic retinopathy to pituitary ablation. Br Med J 1969;2:346–348
- Sharp PS, Fallon TJ, Brazier OJ, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 1987;30:199–207
- Lassarre C, Hardouin S, Daffos F, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the human fetus. Relationship with growth in normal subjects and in subjects with intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res 1991;29:219–225
- Hellström A, Smith LE, Dammann O. Retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 2013;382:1445–1457
- Hellström A, Dahlgren J, Marsál K, Ley D. Abnormal retinal vascular morphology in young adults following intrauterine growth restriction. Pediatrics 2004;113:e77–e80
- Hellström A, Hård AL, Chen Y, et al. Ocular fundus morphology in preterm children. Influence of gestational age, birth size, perinatal morbidity, and postnatal growth. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:1184–1192
- Amemiya T, Toibana M, Hashimoto M, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in acromegaly. Ophthalmologica 1978;176:74–80
- Inokuchi N, Ikeda T, Yasuda F, et al. Severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with acromegaly. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:629–630
- Tran HA, Petrovsky N, Field AJ. Severe diabetic retinopathy: a rare complication of acromegaly. Intern Med J 2002;32:52–54
- Dills DG, Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Association of elevated IGF-I levels with increased retinopathy in late-onset diabetes. Diabetes 1991;40:1725–1730
- Laron Z, Klinger B. Comparison of the growth-promoting effects of insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone in the early years of life. Acta Paediatr 2000;89:38–41
- Ohlsson C, Bengtsson B, Isaksson O, et al. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 1998;19:55–79
- Savage MO, Underwood L, Camaco-Hubner C. Treatment of short stature in children with severe primary IGF-I deficiency with once daily rhIGF1/rhIGFBP3 administration (abstract ESPE 2006). Horm Res 2006;65:1–213
- Tonella P, Fluck CE, Mullis PE. Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in primary growth hormone insensitivity: effect of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-1) and rhIGF1/rhIGF binding protein 3 complex. Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73:140–147
- Ekström K, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Ritzén EM, Bang P. Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 cotreatment versus insulin-like growth factor-I alone in two brothers with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome: effects on insulin sensitivity, body composition and linear growth. Horm Res Paediatr 2011;76:355–366
- Isner JM, Asahara T. Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis as therapeutic strategies for postnatal neovascularization. J Clin Invest 1999;103:1231–1236
- Laron Z, Weinberger D. Diabetic retinopathy in two patients with congenital IGF-I deficiency (Laron syndrome). Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151:103–106
- Kornreich L, Konen O, Lilos P, Laron Z. The globe and orbit in Laron syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:1560–1562